漢譯英翻譯練習(xí)

1、太極拳(Taijiquan)是中華民族的珍貴財(cái)富,是東方文化的重要組成局部.作為中國(guó)古老的武術(shù)(maritialarts)之一.其主要功能是武術(shù)攻防、鍛煉身體和修身養(yǎng)性(self-cultivation).太極拳在演練時(shí),動(dòng)作柔緩,但能以忽然爆發(fā)的力量將對(duì)手擊退.經(jīng)過幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的開展,太極拳已開展為多個(gè)分支,每個(gè)分支都有自己的特點(diǎn).如今,太極拳在中國(guó)乃至世界受到越來越多人歡送.1.第1句可譯為并歹U結(jié)構(gòu)Taijiquanispreciouswealth.andanimportantpart.,系動(dòng)詞是(i班需譯出一個(gè).2.第2句中的其主要功能是可直譯為itsmainfunctionsareto.

2、,但稍顯生硬,宜轉(zhuǎn)述為它通常用于(itisusuallyusedfor.).攻防在中文里是一個(gè)詞,但實(shí)際包含了兩層意思,故分譯為attackinganddefending;同理,第3句的柔緩譯為gentleandslow.3.第3句中的太極拳在演練時(shí)實(shí)為被動(dòng)句,太極拳為受動(dòng)者,故譯作WhenTaijiquanisbeingpractice.但能以忽然爆發(fā)的力量處理為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句which,however,candefeat.忽然爆發(fā)的力量可譯為suddenstrength或suddenforce,由于sudden已包含有忽然爆發(fā)的意思,故爆發(fā)一詞不需再譯.4.最后一句中的在

3、中國(guó)乃至世界受到越來越多人歡送,除譯文外,還可以有多種譯法,如iswelcomedbymoreandmorepeoplebothinChinaandoverseas;isacceptedbymoreandmorepeopleinChinaandtheworldaswellTajiquanispreciouswealthofChinesenationandanimportantpartoftheeasternculture.AsoneoftheancientmartialartsinChina,itisusuallyusedforattackinganddefending,bodybuildin

4、gandself-cultivation.WhenTajiquanisbeingpracticed,themovementsaregentleandslow,which,however,candefeattheopponentwithsuddenstrength.Throughcenturiesofdevelopment,Taijiquanhasdevelopedintoseveralbranches,andeveryonehasitsfeatures.NowTajiquanhasbecomeincreasinglypopularbothinChinaandabroad.交通擁堵是世界各國(guó)普遍

5、面臨的問題.近年來,我國(guó)城市化水平空前加快,大中城市交通擁堵問題尤其突出,交通阻塞已由局部向大范圍蔓延.這不僅影響了城市生活的效率和質(zhì)量,而且?guī)砹谁h(huán)境污染、能源緊張等一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)問題,嚴(yán)重制約了城市的開展.要想解決這一問題,良好的公共交通是必不可少的.實(shí)行低票價(jià)政策,是實(shí)現(xiàn)公交優(yōu)先的根本保證.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,那么要大力開展軌道交通(railtransportation),降低路面擁堵.參考譯Trafficjamhasbeenaproblemsharedbyallcountriesaroundtheworld.Inrecentyears,theurbanizationofChinareaches

6、anunprecedentedlevel,whichleadstoespeciallyprominenttrafficjaminlargeandmedium-sizedcities.Theproblemoftrafficjamhasextendedfromparttoawiderange.Trafficjamnotonlyaffectstheefficiencyandqualityofuibanlife,butalsocausesaseriesofeconomicandsocialproblemslikeenvironmentalpollutionandenergydeficiency,whi

7、chgreatlyrestrictsthedevelopmentofcities.Tosolvetheproblem,well-organizedpublictransportationisindispensable.Lowticketpriceisthebasicguaranteeofpriorityofpublictransportation.Inthelongterm,wemustvigorouslydeveloprailtransportationtolessentrafficjam.譯講解1.世界各國(guó)普遍面臨的問題：譯為aproblemsharedbyallcountriesarou

8、ndtheworld.普遍面臨的“在此處譯為sharedby,即為所共有的,也可以用commonlyfacedby表達(dá).2.尤其突出：可譯為especiallyprominent或particularlyprominent.其中prominent意為突出的,顯著的3.由局部向大范圍蔓延：可譯為hasextendedfromparttoawiderange.4.必不可少：可譯為indispensable或necessary,意為必要的,必然的.5.公交優(yōu)先：可譯為priorityofpublictransportation.6.從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看：可譯為inthelongterm,也可譯為inthelo

9、ngrun或overthelongrange.西部支教(volunteeringtoteachinthewest)對(duì)于促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟逃徒?jīng)濟(jì)開展有著重要意義.大學(xué)生到西部支教,對(duì)農(nóng)村的孩子不僅僅進(jìn)行書本知識(shí)的教學(xué),更重要的是通過組織安排一些活動(dòng),寓教于樂,希望對(duì)他們未來的學(xué)習(xí)和生活有所啟發(fā)和引導(dǎo),并激發(fā)他們學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力和對(duì)外面興旺城市的向往,促使他們進(jìn)步.此外,大學(xué)生也會(huì)把新的觀念和思想帶到農(nóng)村去.去西部支教還能培養(yǎng)當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的社會(huì)責(zé)任感和社會(huì)公益心,在一定程度上,也緩解了西部地區(qū)教師短缺的壓力.參考譯Volunteeringtoteachinthewestissignificantfortheim

10、provementoflocaleducationheeconomicdevelopment.Thecollegestudentswhovolunteertoteachinthewestonlyimpartacademicknowledgetochildreninruralareas,butmoremportantly,throughanumberofactivitiestocombineteachingandentertainment,theyhopetoprovideinspirationandguidanceforthechildrenabouttheirfuturestudyandif

11、e.Theyalsowanttomotivatethechildreninruralareastostudy,evoketheirdesirefortodevelopedcitiesoutsideandhelpthemmakeprogress.Inaddition,thecollege:swillbringnewideasandthoughtstothecountryside.Volunteeringtoteachinthecanalsohelpcollegestudentsdevelopasenseofsocialresponsibilityandutingtopublicbenefit.T

12、oacertainextent,italsoeasestheshortageofteachersinthewesternregions.譯講解1.大學(xué)生：可譯為collegestudents,也可譯為undergraduates.2.通過組織安排一些活動(dòng),寓教于樂：合并譯為throughanumberofactivitiestocombineteachingandentertainment.3.激發(fā)他們對(duì)的向往：可譯為evoketheirdesirefor4.社會(huì)公益心：可譯為asenseofsocialwelfare.5.在一定程度上：可譯為toacertainextent或uptoapoi

13、nt.算盤(abacus)是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算工具,也是中國(guó)古代的一項(xiàng)重大創(chuàng)造.阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字出現(xiàn)以前,算盤在世界各地廣泛使用.算盤是矩形的木框,木框上固定著帶算珠的木桿.木框中間的橫梁(beam)將木桿分成兩局部：木桿上方的兩顆算珠(countingbeads)每個(gè)代表5,下方的五顆算珠每個(gè)代表1.隨著算盤的應(yīng)用,人們總結(jié)出很多計(jì)算技巧,提升了計(jì)算速度.由于算盤易于制造,而且計(jì)算口訣易于記憶和操作,因此算騰在中國(guó)十分流行|.參考譯文：AsatraditionalChinesecalculationtoolandanimportantancientChineseinvention,theabacusw

14、aswidelyusedbeforetheinventionofArabicnumeralsintheworld.Theabacusisarectanglewithawoodenframe.Withintheframe,rodswithstringedbeadsarefixed.Thebeaminthemiddleoftheframedivideseachrodintotwoparts.Thetwocountingbeadsintheupperpartofeachrodrepresentfiveandtherestfivebeadsinthelowerpartrepresentone.With

15、theapplicationoftheabacus,peoplesummarizedmanycalculationtipstohelpimprovethespeedofcalculation.Astheabacusissimpletoproduce,anditscalculationtipsareeasytomemorizeandoperate,itisquitepopularinChina.1.廣泛使用：可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被廣泛使用“,即bewidelyused.2.帶算珠的木桿：可譯為rodswithstringedbeads.其中rod意為木桿,stringed意為用帶或繩綁或掛的,be

16、ads意為珠子,故stringedbeads意為串起來的珠子.3.上方：即intheupperpart;下方“可譯為inthelowerpart.4.隨著算盤的應(yīng)用：可譯為withtheapplicationoftheabacus.世界屋脊由于西藏地處“世界屋脊,自然條件惡劣,也由于幾百年落后的封建農(nóng)奴制社會(huì)形成的各種社會(huì)歷史條件的制約,西藏在全國(guó)還屬于不興旺地區(qū).但是,50年的開展已經(jīng)極大地改變了其昔日貧窮落后的面貌,西藏人民生活質(zhì)量大大提升.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的開展極大地豐富了人民的物質(zhì)文化生活.2000年,西藏全區(qū)各族人民已根本擺脫貧困,實(shí)現(xiàn)溫飽.局部群眾生活到達(dá)了小康水平.隨著人民生活逐步富裕,

17、冰箱、彩電、洗衣機(jī)、摩托車、手表等消費(fèi)品進(jìn)入了越來越多尋常百姓家.不少富裕起來的農(nóng)牧民蓋起了新房,有的還購置了汽車.西藏目前的人均居住面積處于全國(guó)首位.播送、電視、通信、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等現(xiàn)代信息傳遞手段已深入到人民群眾的日常生活.絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的百姓能夠通過收聽收看播送、電視,了解全國(guó)和全世界各地的新聞.當(dāng)?shù)匕傩漳軌蛲ㄟ^、電報(bào)、或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等手段獲取信息資料,并與全國(guó)和全世界各地取得聯(lián)系.由于缺醫(yī)少藥狀況得到了根本改變,人民群眾的健康水平大幅度提升.西藏人均預(yù)期壽命由二十世紀(jì)五十年代的35.5歲增加到現(xiàn)在的67歲.Tibet,locatedonthe“RoooftheWorldisstillanunderd

18、evelopedareainChinabecauseofitsharshnaturalconditionsandvarioussocialandhistoricalrestrictionsformedbycenturiesofbackwardfeudalserfdom.However,thedevelopmentofTibetinthepast50yearshasgreatlychangeditsformerpoorandbackwardlook,andtheTibetanpeople;livingstandardhasgreatlyimproved.Socialandeconomicdeve

19、lopmenthasenrichedthepeople;materialandculturalliferemarkably.By2000,peopleofvariousethnicgroupsinTibethavebasicallyshakenoffpoverty,andbegantohaveenoughtoeatandwear.Someofthembegantoliveabetter-offlife.Alongwiththeimprovementinthepeople;livelihood,consumergoodssuchasrefrigerators,colorTVsets,washin

20、gmachines,motorcyclesandwristwatcheshaveenteredmoreandmoreordinaryhomes.Manywell-offfarmersandherdsmenhavebuiltnewhouses.Somehaveevenboughtautomobiles.Currently,Tibetranksfirstinpercapitahousinginthecountry.Radio,television,telecommunications,theInternetandothermoderninformationtransmissionarenowpar

21、tofdailylifeinTibet.NewsaboutvariouspartsofthecountryandtheworldnowreachmostpeopleinTibetbyradioandTV.Localpeoplecanobtaininformationfromandmakecontactwithotherpartsofthecountryandtheworldthroughtelephone,telegram,faxortheInternet.TheTibetanpeople;healthhasalsoimprovedsubstantially,becausethesituati

22、onfeaturingalackofbothdoctorsandmedicinehaschangedfundamentally.TheaveragelifeexpectancyoftheTibetanpeoplehaveincreasedfrom35.5yearsinthe1950sto67yearspresently.5.ThebigproblemofcomprehensionoftheEnglishtextandthebiggerproblemofhowtoexpressitinrich,present-dayChinesewhichrangesfromtheclassicaltothec

23、olloquialbothhavetobesolvedinthecourseoftranslation.了解英語原義是一個(gè)大問題,而現(xiàn)代漢語既然是文言口語兼收并蓄,怎么用這樣豐富多彩的文字來表達(dá)英語原文是一個(gè)更大的問題,這兩個(gè)問題在譯中都要得到解決.6.奧運(yùn)會(huì)在世界的民族和民族、國(guó)家和國(guó)家、人民和人民之間建起了友誼的橋梁.OlympicGameshasbuiltafriendshipbridgebetweennations,countriesandpeoples.7.他雖然經(jīng)驗(yàn)缺乏,但很有進(jìn)取心和創(chuàng)造力,而這正是在這一領(lǐng)域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵.Althoughhelacksexperience,he

24、hasenterpriseandcreativity,whicharedecisiveinachievingsuccessinthearea.8.這種床墊工藝先進(jìn),結(jié)構(gòu)新奇,造型美觀,款式多樣,舒適大方,攜帶方便.Thetechnologicaldesignofthisbedcushionisadvancedwithnovelstructure,beautifulshapeandvariouspatterns.Theyarecomfortableandconvenienttocarry.9.能不能盡快把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去,這是一個(gè)關(guān)系到社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的全局,關(guān)系到我們國(guó)家命運(yùn)與前途的大問題.Whet

25、herscienceandtechnologycanbepushedforwardasquicklyaspossibleisaquestionofvitalimportanceforsocialistconstructionasawholeandforthedestinyandfutureofourcountry.10.講英語的人聽到別人贊揚(yáng),一般說“謝謝,表示接受,說明自己認(rèn)為別人的贊揚(yáng)是誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意的,所贊揚(yáng)的事是值得贊揚(yáng)的.因此不應(yīng)該“假裝自卑或“故作謙虛.TotheEnglish-speakingpeople,praiseistobeaccepted,generallywitharemar

26、klike“thanlyouTheythinkthatthecomplimentissincere,andthatthepraiseisworthyoftheachievementorthing.Therefore,thereshouldbenoshowoffalsehumilityorpretendedmodesty.1 .盡管健康越來越重要,然而多數(shù)人都是等到生病時(shí)才意識(shí)到健康的珍貴.適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)無疑有益于健康,但體育迷面臨的問題是缺少理想的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所.與森林不同,繁忙街道兩側(cè)的公園容易受到空氣污染,在此鍛煉非但不能提升身體反抗力,還很可能誘發(fā)各種慢性病.1.Despitetheincreas

27、ingimportanceofhealth,mostpeoplefailtorecognizethevalueofhealthuntiltheyfallill.Thereisnodoubtthatmoderateexercisecanbenefithealth.However,sportsfansarefacedwiththelackofidealplacesforexercise.Unlikeforests,parksoneithersideofabusystreetarepronetoatmosphericpollution,whereexercisecannotenhanceimmuni

28、ty,butmayinducevariouschronicdiseasesratherthanenhanceimmunity.2.在中國(guó),拿碩士學(xué)位通常需要三年時(shí)間.第一年積累足夠的學(xué)分后,學(xué)生接著在后兩年完成畢業(yè)論文.論文要有一定學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,還要反映學(xué)生的科研水平.人們?cè)絹碓街匾晫W(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)信,這將有助于提升科學(xué)界的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn).2.InChina,itusuallytakes3yearsforstudentstogetaMasterDegree.Havingaccumulatedenoughcreditsinthefirstyear,studentscouldgoontocompletetheirth

29、esesinthefollowingtwoyears.Theirthesesshouldhavecertainacademicvaluesandshowtheirresearchabilities.Nowgreateremphasishasbeenlaidonacademicintegrity,whichwillhelpraisethemoralstandardsintheacademicsociety.3.因特網(wǎng)的廣泛應(yīng)用引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)全球范圍內(nèi)的信息革命.信息已被作為一種重要的社會(huì)戰(zhàn)略資源而與物資、能源、人力一起被列為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的重要因素.我國(guó)的信息平安形勢(shì)不是很樂觀.我國(guó)現(xiàn)在是世界上網(wǎng)人

30、數(shù)最多的國(guó)家,然而由于根底薄弱,監(jiān)管力度有限,網(wǎng)民平安意識(shí)淡薄,網(wǎng)上的重大失竊密案件多有發(fā)生；對(duì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定造成了許多負(fù)面影響.3.ThewideapplicationoftheInternethasbroughtaboutaglobalinformationrevolution.Informationhascometoberegardedasanimportantstrategicresourcewhichisrankedamongsuchimportantfactorsofmodernsocialproductivityasmaterials,energysourcesandmanpower.

31、Thesituationofinformationsecurityofourcountryisnotveryoptimistic.OurnationnowhasthelargestnumberofInternetusersintheworld.However,duetotheweakinfrastructure,limitedsupervisingpowerandournetizensindifferencetosecurity,manyseriouscasesofloss,theftandleakageofsecretsovertheinternethavehappenedandhadman

32、ynegativeeffectsonthestabilityofoursociety.4.很久以前我們就離開了家鄉(xiāng)的土地,從那以后我們就生活在城市狹窄的天空下.失去了廣闊的田野和清新的空氣,我們不得不生活在都市吵雜而擁擠的環(huán)境里.如果我們不盡力在自己居住的小屋里保存最后一點(diǎn)綠色,不能給我們的心靈留下最后一塊安置靈魂的空間,那么我們還擁有什么？5.Wehaveleftournativelandalongtimeago,andhavebeenlivinginthecitywhoseskyisnarrow.Havinglonglostthepoeticfieldsandfreshair,wehave

33、toliveinthenoisyandcrowedcity.Ifwedonottrytopreserveabitofgreeninourlittlerooms,ifwelosethelastbitofspacetoaccommodateoursoul,thenwhatdowestillhave?5.在學(xué)術(shù)民主方面,當(dāng)時(shí),學(xué)校經(jīng)常有討論會(huì).通常是一個(gè)人先作主題發(fā)言,介紹學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的情況,大約講40分鐘,然后討論一小時(shí),大家七嘴八舌都可以講.那時(shí),我不過是個(gè)研究生,也參加討論,這是允許的.主持會(huì)議的教授有時(shí)也和大家一起討論,偶爾教授會(huì)說,他剛剛講的不對(duì),收回.就這樣,在學(xué)術(shù)問題上很講民主.6.Asf

34、oracademicdemocracy,atthattime,thereweredifferentseminarsintheInstitute.Usuallythepresidentbeganwithanintroductionofabout40minutesonasubject,andtheneachandeveryonehadachancetospeakintheone-hourdiscussion.Iwasnobodybutapostgraduatethen,andalsohadavoiceinthediscussion,whichwasallowed.Theprofessorpresi

35、dingovertheseminarsometimesparticipatedinthediscussiontoo.Occasionallyyoucouldheartheprofessorsay,“takebackwhatIsaidjustnow.Iwaswrong.Theywerequitedemocraticonacademicstudies.7.當(dāng)前最重要的任務(wù)是開展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì),提升人民生活水平.因此,我們必須改革舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,進(jìn)一步解放生產(chǎn)力；我們應(yīng)當(dāng)向世界敞開大門,學(xué)習(xí)其他國(guó)家的先進(jìn)的科學(xué)和技術(shù).只要我們堅(jiān)持改革開放政策,就一定能把我國(guó)建設(shè)成強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家.6.Ourprimarytaskatpresentistodevelopnation