園林工程英語詞匯

1、園林工程英語詞匯AAccessibility 可達性Accessible route 易達的路線advance notice 事先通知aerial photogrammetry 航空攝影測量aerobic digesters 需氧消化池aesthetic considerations 審美方面的考慮brick and concrete block walls 磚和混凝土砌塊墻stone walls 石頭墻wood and metal fences 木頭和金屬柵欄aesthetic controls 審美控制aggregate base 混合基礎AIA 美國建筑師協(xié)會Anaerobic dige

2、sters 厭氧分解池APA 美國規(guī)劃師協(xié)會arterial streets 主干道as-built records 施工記錄ASLA 美國景觀設計師協(xié)會athletic facility 運動設施average walking distance 平均步行距離axioms 原理Bbackfill 回填backhoe 挖溝機bar charts 橫道圖barrier design 障礙設計beams 大梁bearing capacity 承載力benchmarks 水準點billing 帳簿biodiversity 生物多樣性bioengineering 生物工程biomass 生物量biore

3、tention ponds 生物滯留池boardwalks 棧橋bonding company 擔保公司bonuses 獎金boundary definition 邊界確定boundary survey 邊界測量brownfields 褐色土地bulldozers 推土機business development 商業(yè)開發(fā)business parks 商業(yè)園區(qū)Ccadastral survey 地籍測量camping 野營candlepower 燭光度cantilevered wall 懸臂墻cascading waterfalls瀑布疊水 certificates of payment 付款證

4、明書certifications of compliance 應允證明書cesspools 化糞池，污水坑，污水滲井，糞坑change orders 變更單changes, unauthorized 未經同意的變更channels, stormwater 雨水溝渠，槽，渠道circulation control 循環(huán)控制circulation patterns 環(huán)流模式clay lenses 粘土防滲層clay soil 粘土clean-up 清掃，清理，清除，提純，凈化clearing and grubbing 清理和除根client 業(yè)主climate zones 氣候帶closeout

5、竣工cluster treatment systems 集中式污水處理系統(tǒng)co-ordinates 坐標cold 寒帶collected rainwater 收集起來的雨水collector streets 次干道colloidal soil 膠質土壤commercial center design 商業(yè)中心設計communication 電信community commercial 社區(qū)商業(yè)community facility standards 社區(qū)設施標準community parks and recreation planning data 社區(qū)公園和文娛體育規(guī)劃資料community

6、 scale 社區(qū)尺度community standards 社區(qū)標準compaction 壓實competition pools 競賽用游泳池composting toilets 堆肥廁所conceptualization 概念化concrete crib wall 混凝土格籠墻cones of vision 視錐connected imperviousness 連續(xù)的非滲透地面conservation standards 保護標準constructed wetlands 人工濕地construction 施工brick and concrete block walls 磚和混凝土砌塊墻st

7、one walls 石頭墻wood and metal fences 木頭和金屬柵欄construction document 施工文件construction layout 施工布局construction observation 施工監(jiān)理construction permits 施工許可construction sequence 施工順序construction survey 施工測量contingencies 臨時費contingency allowance 臨時津貼contract 合同responsibilities 責任types of 類型unauthorized changes

8、 未經同意的變更contract documents 合同文件control points 控制點conveyance techniques, stormwater 雨水的輸送技術corrective observation 校正性（補救性，修正性）檢查（監(jiān)理）corridors 廊道cost data 造價數據cost estimate components 造價估算內容equipment costs 設備費equipment crew costs 設備人工費general requirements costs 一般要求的費用labor cost 人工費location 位置，地點mater

9、ial 材料overtime 加班費productivity 生產率project scale 項目規(guī)模quantity take-off methods 起點數量法cost estimating 造價估算cost plus 造價累計court games 場地運動court surface 運動場地地面CPM 關鍵路徑法Critical Path Method. See CPM 關鍵路徑法，見CPMCSI 施工規(guī)范原理culverts 涵洞，暗溝，管道cut operations 挖方工程Ddatum 數據decking平臺面，鋪板decks平臺，甲板 basic components 基本

10、內容design requirements 設計要求estimating design load 估算設計荷載framing method 結構方法plank-and-beam framing 厚木板梁框架platform framing 平臺框架material 材料hardware 五金件wood 木料，木材site analysis 場地分析span tables 跨度表structural design 結構設計decks, function of 平臺的功能deferred maintenance 延期維修（維護）demolition, general 整體破壞demolition

11、,selective 選擇性破壞density 密度design development 設計擴初，設計深化design framework 設計框架design impacts 設計影響design quality 設計質量design speed 設計速度detail scale 細部尺度detention ponds 滯留池development 開發(fā)industrial. See industrial development 工業(yè)，見工業(yè)開發(fā)residential. See residential development 居住，見居住開發(fā)development programming

12、開發(fā)計劃development types, industrial and business 開發(fā)類型，工業(yè)和商業(yè)dimensional Criteria 標注標準dimensions 標注dimension of human figures 人體尺度direct labor 直接人工費disconnected imperviousness 不連續(xù)的非滲透地面disposal 處理，處置，排除，清除DL. See direct labor DL.見直接人工費drainage 排水，流域面積，排洪，排水系統(tǒng)drinking water 飲用水dry detention ponds 干滯池dura

13、bility 耐久性EEames, Charles and Ray 查理?埃姆斯和雷earthwork 土方ecological impact 生態(tài)影響economic impact 經濟影響edge habitat 邊緣棲息地edge restraint 邊緣限制electrical lines 電力線embodied energy 蘊藏能量endwalls 尾墻energy 能量embodied. See embodied energy 具體化的，見蘊藏能量，具體能量energy costs 能量造價environmental impact analysis 環(huán)境影響分析environme

14、ntal impact statement (EIS) 環(huán)境影響報告書（EIS）scoping process 確定范圍程序environmental modification 環(huán)境修復equipment costs 設備費equipment crew costs 設備人工費equivalents 相等物，等同物estimating 估算stormwater runoff 雨水徑流量estimating water flows 估算水流量evaluation 評價evapotranspiration rate 土壤水分蒸發(fā)蒸騰損失總量速率exotic plant species 外來植物物種e

15、ye levels 視平線Ffabric reinforcement 纖維加固，織物加強件facilities planning data 設施規(guī)劃數據feasibility planning 可行性規(guī)劃federal regulations 聯(lián)邦規(guī)范flood protection 防洪historic preservation 歷史保留National Environmental Policy Act（NEPA） 國家環(huán)境政策法案(NEPA)NPDES general permits NPDES一般性許可Section 10 permit 第10條許可Section 404 permit

16、第404條許可fee 費用cost plus fixed 固定費用之和lump sum 總數，總合retainer 律師費fences and walls 柵欄和圍墻fences, wood and metal 柵欄，木柵欄和金屬柵欄aesthetic considerations 審美方面的考慮components 組分，內容construction 施工structural considerations 結構方面的考慮field orders 現(xiàn)場通知單field sports 田徑運動field surfaces 田徑運動場地面field surveys 現(xiàn)場測量fill operati

17、ons 填方工程fill, general 一般性填方 filter strips 濾器，濾池，過濾，濾水filtration 過濾filtration systems 過濾系統(tǒng)finish grading 設計標高flexible pavement 柔性地面鋪裝flood protection 防洪follow ups 連續(xù)footage 尺長footcandle 英尺燭光footing drains 基座處排水，立足點排水footings 立足點forward spatial bubbles foundations 基礎fragmentation 破碎Freeway or Distribu

18、tor Systems 高速路或分配者系統(tǒng)French drains 法式排水friction coefficient 摩擦系數frost depth 結凍深度，冰凍深度frost-thaw cycle 結凍-融化周期functional requirement 功能要求Ggarden pool 花園游泳池general conditions 一般情況general contractor 總承包商general demolition 整體破壞general fill 總填方general requirements 一般要求general requirements costs 一般要求的費用ge

19、neral roadway standards 一般道路標準geodetic survey 測地學測量GIS 地理信息系統(tǒng)golf and driving ranges 高爾夫和高爾夫練習場grading 場地平整granular soil粒狀土壤gravity wall 重力墻graywater 灰水greenfields 綠色用地，綠色土地ground covers 地被植物groundwater protection 地下水保護groundwater recharge 地下水補給groundwater resources 地下水資源，地下水儲量growing season 生長期guar

20、antees 抵押物Hhand level 手動水平儀handrailings 扶手hazardous plants 有毒植物headwalls 頭墻heavy duty 重型的，責任重大的herbaceous plants 草本植物highway 高速公路historic preservation 歷史保留horizontal alignment 平面設計hot arid 炎熱干燥hot humid 炎熱潮濕hydrographic survey 水文測量hydrologic cycle 水文周期Iilluminance 亮度impervious surface ratio 不滲透地面比例i

21、ndustrial development 工業(yè)開發(fā)industrial parks 工業(yè)園區(qū)infiltration beds 滲透床infiltration ponds 滲透池infiltration wells 滲透井infiltration, stormwater 雨水滲透inspection 檢查installation 安裝Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) 保險賠償比例地圖interpretation 注釋，解釋invasive species 入侵物種irrigation 灌溉irrigation ponds 灌溉池塘irrigation systems 灌

22、溉系統(tǒng)irrigation water, sources of 灌溉水水源Jjob meetings 工作會議joists 托梁Llabor costs 人工費lagoons 塘lamp characteristics 燈具的特點landscape assessment 景觀評價Landscape Coefficient(KL) 景觀系數（KL）landscape planning 景觀規(guī)劃landscape planning strategies 景觀規(guī)劃對策landscape plantings, calculating water景觀種植用水量的計算large-scale sites 大

23、型場地layout and surveying 布局和測量layout methods 布局方法layout plans 平面圖，布局平面layout requirements 布局要求layout survey 布局測量leaching fields 瀝濾場light depreciation 不強烈的抗議light duty 輕型的lighting 照明atmosphere and character 氣氛和特征orientation and identification 方位和識別safety and security 安全和治安limit-of-work line 工作期限local

24、or minor streets 當地的或小街道local regulations 當地規(guī)范（規(guī)定）aesthetic controls 審美控制construction permits 施工許可planned unit development regulation 有規(guī)劃的單元開發(fā)規(guī)范（規(guī)定）subdivision regulations （土地）再細分規(guī)范（規(guī)定）zoning regulations分區(qū)規(guī)劃規(guī)范（規(guī)定）rezoning 再分區(qū)規(guī)劃variances 變動lumen 流明luminance 亮度lump sum fee 總費用lux 勒克司（國際單位制的照明單位，即米燭光）L

25、yle, John Tillman 約翰?蒂爾曼?萊爾Mmagnetic declination 磁力偏差maintenance and disposal 維修和處理maintenance period 維修期maneuvering patterns 運行方式 map projections 地圖投影map scale 制圖比例markup 漲價master planning 總體規(guī)劃MASTERFORMAT 雇主表格material costs 材料費material lifecycle cost estimates 材料生命周期造價估算material samples 材料樣品materi

26、al selection 材料選擇measures of intensity 強度衡量residential development 居住開發(fā)retail commercial development 零售商業(yè)開發(fā)mechanics lien 機械扣押權release 讓度證書medium duty 中型medium-scale sites 中型場地 metes and bounds 界石和邊界線metric ratio 公制比例mitigation strategies, stormwater 緩解措施，暴雨mobilization cost 流通費moisture content 濕度，含

27、水量，水汽含量monolithic pavement 整體路面，整體鋪裝moonlighting 月光式照明movement criteria 移動標準multi-family housing 多戶住宅municipal sewer systems 市政排水系統(tǒng)NNational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 國家環(huán)境政策法案，簡稱(NEPA)natural drainageways 自然排水道natural resources 自然資源needs assessment 需求評估negotiation 協(xié)議，商議，協(xié)商neighborhood commerci

28、al 鄰里商業(yè)neighborhood scale 鄰里尺度net positive suction head 凈吸真空高度noxious plants 有毒植物NEPA general permits 國家環(huán)境政策法案的一般許可Ooffice parks 辦公園區(qū)OH. See overhead OH. 見經常性開支on-site treatment systems 分散式污水處理系統(tǒng)open space ratio 開敞空間比例orientation 超向，方位ornamental ponds 觀賞性水池ornamental pools 觀賞性水池overhead 經常性開支annual

29、rate 年度比率overhead and profit 經常性開支和利潤overruns, time 時間延誤overtime 加班費overturning 翻騰，水的豎直循環(huán)現(xiàn)象owner 所有者Ppackage plants 叢生植物parking 停車場parking dimensions 停車場尺寸parking lot 停車場parking lots 停車場parking requirements 停車場要求patches 斑塊path lighting 小徑照明pathways 小徑pavement鋪裝，路面pavement, flexible 柔性鋪裝，柔性路面pavement

30、, rigid 剛性鋪裝，剛性路面pavements 道路paver 鋪路材料，鋪路機，鋪石人 paving 鋪裝，鋪路payment 報酬；支付non-payment 無報酬的requests 申請pedestrian standards 步行標準penalties 罰金，罰款percentage of construction 施工的百分比permitting processes 申請程序personnel allocation 人員配備photometric charts 光度表physical characteristics 物理特征picnicking 野餐piers 支墩，支柱，防

31、洪堤pipes 管道place scale 場地尺度plan discrepancies 平面的不符之處plane survey 平面測量planned multiuse developments 有計劃的綜合開發(fā)planned unit development regulations 有計劃的單元開發(fā)規(guī)范planning 規(guī)劃development feasibility planning 開發(fā)的可行性規(guī)劃landscape planning 景觀規(guī)劃master planning 總體規(guī)劃plant hardiness 植物的抗寒性plant mortality 植物的死亡率plantin

32、g 種植clean-up and final inspection清理和檢查ground covers 地被植物seeding and sodding 種草和鋪草皮shrubs 灌木trees 喬木planting conditions 種植現(xiàn)狀planting design 種植設計planting requirements 種植要求plants, hazardous 有害的植物 plants, herbaceous草本的植物 plants, noxious有毒的植物 plants, salt tolerant 耐鹽堿的植物， play surfaces 游戲場地地面playgrounds

33、游戲場地point of beginning 起始點pond systems 池塘系統(tǒng)clay lenses 粘土防滲層depth 深度synthetic liners 合成材料墊層，合成材料襯里（襯底）pools 游泳池competition 競賽用游泳池recreational 娛樂用游泳池pools structure 游泳池結構depth 深度freeboard 干舷posts 柱potable water 飲用水Powers of Ten 十的力量precipitation 降雨，降水量precision 精確性；準確性prepared subgrade 素土夯實preventati

34、ve observation 預防性監(jiān)理pricing 報價material lifecycle cost estimates 材料生命周期造價估算overhead and profit 經常性開支和利潤square meter cost estimates 平方米造價估算systems estimates 系統(tǒng)估算法unit price cost calculation 單位標價造價計算privacy 私密性private garden 私家花園product distribution 產品銷售product packaging 產品包裝productivity 生產率project bud

35、get 項目預算project closeout 項目竣工project meetings 項目會議project observation 項目檢查project records 項目登記project scale 項目規(guī)模proprietary surfaces 地上有房產public garden 公共花園public plaza 公共廣場pumps 水泵punch list 打孔登記表punch lists 打孔登記表Qquantity take-off methods 數量估算法Rramp slopes 坡道坡度ramps 坡道rates, standard billing 標準記帳率

36、Rational Method 推理計算方法raw material 原材料re-use 再利用recharge trenches （地下水）補給溝渠recreation standards 文娛體育標準recreational pools 娛樂用游泳池recyclable materials 可循環(huán)使用的材料recycled water 循環(huán)水recycling 再循環(huán)使用（的）regional commercial 地區(qū)性商業(yè)regional considerations 地區(qū)性居住regional scale 區(qū)域尺度regulations, federal聯(lián)邦的規(guī)范（規(guī)定） regul

37、ations, local地方的規(guī)范（規(guī)定） regulations, state州的規(guī)范（規(guī)定） reimbursable expenses 可補償費用reinforced embankments 加固的土堤，加固筑堤rejections 排斥，阻止，抑制replacements 替代reservoir structures 水庫構筑物，蓄水池，貯器residential development 居住開發(fā)residential standards 居住標準retail commercial development 零售商業(yè)開發(fā)appropriateness of a given site f

38、or 某個特定場地的適宜性retainer 律師費retaining structures 護土結構，阻擋構筑物 types of 類型retaining walls 擋土墻retention ponds See wet detention ponds 滯留池，見調節(jié)池，貯水池rigid pavement 剛性路面rigid retaining walls 剛性擋土墻risk 風險roads 道路roadway design elements 道路設計要素roadway dimensions 道路尺寸rock removal 去除巖石roof garden 屋頂花園rough grading

39、粗略的場地平整Route Survey A survey of existing or alignment of route survey 現(xiàn)狀測量的線路測量或道路定線測量runoff coefficients, stormwater雨水徑流系數 Ssafety and security 安全和保安salt tolerant plants 耐鹽植物saltwater intrusion 咸水（海水）侵入sand filters 砂濾池，砂濾層scheduling 制定日程表schematic studies 方案研究Schuelers Shortcut Method 許勒爾捷徑法，斯庫勒快捷方

40、式scope of services 服務范圍scope of work 工作范圍screening and circulation 屏障和組織交通SCS Runoff Curve Number Method土地保護局水土保持局的徑流曲線數值法seatwalls 坐椅式矮墻Section 10 Permit 第10條許可Section 404 Permit 第404條許可seeding 種草segmental and stack wall retaining systems 護土段墻和壘墻系統(tǒng)seismic conditions 地震狀況selective demolition 選擇性破壞se

41、nsory stimuli 感官刺激septic systems 凈化系統(tǒng)settlement at the toe 在坡底建房sewer systems municipal 市政排水系統(tǒng)shadow calculations 投影計算sheet flow地表水膜，水膜淺流，層流，片流shop drawing 產品安裝圖shrubs 灌木shut-downs 暫時停工signage 標志silhouette lighting 輪廓照明single-family attached homes 獨戶式聯(lián)排住宅single-family detached home 獨戶式獨立住宅site clear

42、ing 場地清理site furnishings 場地美化site selection 場地選擇sites, large-scale大型的場地sliding 滑動，移動small scale sites 小型場地Small Storm Hydrology Method 小型暴雨水文法social impact 社會影響sodding 鋪草皮soil characteristics 土壤特征soil pressure forces 土壤壓力soil, colloidal 膠質土壤soil, granular 粒狀土壤soil, weight of 土壤質量，土壤重量span tables 跨度表spatial scale 空間尺度Spatial Standards 空間標準specifications 說明書，具體要求spotlighting 射燈照明spouting fountains 噴射噴泉spray displays 噴射裝置spread lighting泛光燈照明sprinkler systems, conventional 傳統(tǒng)的噴水系統(tǒng)drip system, low-volume 耗水量低的滴灌系統(tǒng)container plants 盆栽植物head selection and layout噴頭選擇和布置precipitation rate 沉淀率，噴水速率squ