江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧及強化訓(xùn)練

1、 內(nèi)部資料，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載 做教育我們是認真努力的！高考英語任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧及強化練習(xí)海園教育余老師縱觀江蘇高考近五年任務(wù)型閱讀文章的體裁以說明文為主，偶有議論文出現(xiàn)，詞數(shù)在400500之間，一般都比較難。這類文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，很容易把握文章脈絡(luò)。在題材的選取上更加富有時代氣息，更加貼近考生的實際生活。2017年江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀“難度依舊”，是全卷中難度最大的題。可以預(yù)判，2018江蘇高考會繼續(xù)延續(xù)過去高考的指數(shù)，要想任務(wù)型閱讀得高分，考生必須具備極強的信息轉(zhuǎn)換和概括能力！江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀近五年考情統(tǒng)計年份標(biāo)題詞數(shù)閱讀文體2017Population Change488說明文2016An Exte

2、nsion of the Human Brain430說明文2015What News Stories Do You Read？411說明文2014What Is Peer Pressure407議論文2013Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious414說明文在復(fù)習(xí)中，要注意以下幾點：1注意對詞義和詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的積累，提高對固定搭配的敏感度。2重視對句子、段落與文章之間的邏輯關(guān)系的剖析，多進行概括總結(jié)題的訓(xùn)練。3熟讀課文和歷年高考真題中的任務(wù)型閱讀、完形填空和閱讀理解經(jīng)典篇目，培養(yǎng)對原汁原味文章深入理解的語感。感悟真題(2017·江蘇高考)請認真閱讀下面短文，并根

3、據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。每個空格只填一個單詞。Population ChangeWhy is the world's population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at

4、 the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.

5、Furthermore, around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub­replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (esp

6、ecially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations), but you'd be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to o

7、ccur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and thi

8、s could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in

9、 Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long­time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.In the nort

10、h of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India&

11、#39;s working­age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is e

12、xpected to grow by 20% from 20102030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working­age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.把握考情任務(wù)型閱讀題在測試考生閱讀理解能力的基礎(chǔ)上，對閱讀信息進行二次加工，歸

13、納要點，篩選、整合和綜合概括零散信息，以表格的形式側(cè)重考查考生的單詞拼寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換、段落歸納等綜合能力。特別要求考生掌握文章大意和分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)、提綱和框架。該題型有如下特點：1題型結(jié)構(gòu)任務(wù)型閱讀由兩部分組成：閱讀材料和表格。它要求考生通過閱讀所給材料，填寫完成表格中空缺的信息。閱讀材料為一篇詞數(shù)在400500之間的文章，在文章后設(shè)10道小題，每小題只填一詞，所有題目都呈現(xiàn)在表格中。2題目類型任務(wù)型閱讀設(shè)題靈活，主要考查以下三種題型。(1)直接信息題。這類題目考查考生基礎(chǔ)，考生可以一邊閱讀一邊從文章中直接找出答案。(2)信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。這類題目主要考查考生的語法與詞匯知識，如同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換、實

14、詞(名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞)之間詞性與詞形轉(zhuǎn)換等。(3)信息概括題?？偨Y(jié)性詞匯類題目主要考查考生的信息篩選能力和語言概括能力。歸納詞類考題信息隱藏在某個語句、段落甚至整篇文章中，要求考生有較強的歸納概括能力，同時要有很好的詞匯功底。任務(wù)型閱讀的讀文方式有多種，下面介紹一種既能提高解題速度又能提高讀文針對性的技巧，供大家在今后的解題中嘗試運用。第一步：掃讀表格把握表格結(jié)構(gòu)，理清層次關(guān)系掃讀表格，分析表格的設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)，理清其顯示的層次關(guān)系，初步了解文章的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)及大體內(nèi)容，同時，根據(jù)語法知識初步判斷空缺位置所需詞語的詞性變化及形式要求。建議先看表格，這樣我們就可以根據(jù)表格的內(nèi)容了解文章的大意和行文

15、結(jié)構(gòu)。1表格的一般結(jié)構(gòu)(1)全文的標(biāo)題：全文的標(biāo)題一般放在第一行，理解文章的標(biāo)題有助于把握全文的主旨大意，閱讀時要多加關(guān)注。(2)各段的大意：表格的左欄一般為文章各段的大意，利用表格與文章順序的一致性有助于鎖定解題的信息區(qū)間。(3)對各段內(nèi)容的詳細闡述：表格的右欄一般是對左欄各段大意的進一步闡述，其中的表述一般為文章各段內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)換和概括。2閱讀表格的關(guān)注點(1)要特別注意表格前的小標(biāo)題，它通常就是段落和表格的主題句。讀懂了表格標(biāo)題有助于理解短文及表格的大意、了解表格結(jié)構(gòu)和題目的設(shè)置。(2)另外，要關(guān)注各段的大意，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和層次關(guān)系，把握文章的脈絡(luò)和行文線索。第二步：略讀文章速讀全文，把握

16、大意，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)理清表格結(jié)構(gòu)之后，結(jié)合表格框架結(jié)構(gòu)速讀全文，尤其是每段的第一句話，即topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的寫作思路和基本結(jié)構(gòu)，以便加深對文章內(nèi)容的了解。同時文章的結(jié)構(gòu)往往也是很重要的設(shè)題線索。表格項目一般就是根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計的。只有讀懂了文章，才能順利地在表格中填出相應(yīng)的信息。一、任務(wù)型閱讀三大題型解題技巧1直接信息題這類題目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相關(guān)細節(jié)，鎖定信息來源，并用文章中的詞來填空。解題時可采用下列步驟：典例(2016·江蘇高考)Other people can help us compensate for our mental and

17、 emotional deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a “social p

18、rosthetic (義肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face­to­face, and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It's already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and ju

19、dgment.The (71) _ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.分析：第一步：根據(jù)題干中的“can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies”可以確定命題區(qū)間為第一段。第二步：根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，特別是“Such systems do not need to operate face­to­face, and i

20、t's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可以確定“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在擴大我自己的社會修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的范圍”，就像假肢能彌補身體的缺陷一樣。第三步：確定答案為Internet。2信息轉(zhuǎn)換題這類題型無法從原文中找到原詞或完全一樣的原句，這需要我們對文章進行加工或變通。這些變通大多與語法知識有關(guān)，也有些與短語搭配和固定句型有關(guān)。信息轉(zhuǎn)換題也和直接信息題一樣，首先要找到文中與表格中相對應(yīng)的信息。解題時可采用以下三個步驟：典例(2016·江蘇高考)Reg

21、arding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly

22、 striking when I'm writing; I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the Internet. It's become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details,

23、and check facts, without (73) _ them in mind.分析：第一步：題干中的“we could quickly and easily locate the details”與文章第二段中“I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so”意思相近，因此可以定位到這一段。第二步：根據(jù)第二段中的第一句“Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the detai

24、ls for future use”可以確定關(guān)鍵信息詞是keep。第三步：因為題干上要填寫的單詞前面是介詞without，所以確定答案填keep的動名詞形式，即：keeping。附：信息轉(zhuǎn)換常用詞句1belong to the club a member/one of the members of the club2object to be opposed to oppose3don't respond to . make no response to . say nothing in response to .4accompany sb. keep sb. company5accus

25、e . of . charge . with .6can't help/choose but do . have no alternative/choice but to do .7apply to . make an application to .8an approach to doing a way to do/of doing9approve of subscribe to be in favor of support10be beneficial to be of benefit to benefit 11be bored with be tired of be fed up

26、 with12do sth. with caution do sth. cautiously13It's likely that . The chance is that ./Chances are that . There is a chance (are chances) that .14compared to/with . in comparison with .15congratulate sb. on sth. show/express congratulations to sb. on sth.16as a result in consequence17consist of

27、 be made up of be composed of18agree with correspond with/to be consistent with19face sth. be faced with sth.20be merciful to have mercy on show mercy to21a little slightly22thank sb. be grateful to sb.23draw near be around the corner24occur to sb. strike sb.25delay put off postpone26deliberately on

28、 purpose by design27look like sb. resemble sb.28make a summary of .summarize .29be superior to be better than30tend to do . have a tendency to do .3信息概括題這類題目難度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透徹理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文中相關(guān)信息綜合分析后提煉出新詞。此類題目主要分為兩種類型：(1)總結(jié)性詞匯。設(shè)題大多數(shù)情況下是概括文章的標(biāo)題、段落大意、事件過程、文章的目的、意義以及得出的結(jié)論等。解題關(guān)鍵(2)歸納詞。有的題目在原文中可能找不到具體的信息句。

29、這就要求我們首先要確定信息區(qū)域，然后對該區(qū)域進行認真地分析歸納。解題關(guān)鍵注意信息概括題有時必須結(jié)合表格本身才能正確解答。典例1(2017·江蘇高考)Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the r

30、eplacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub­replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations), but you'd be wrong. Declining

31、birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)_ of population.分析：第一步：根據(jù)題干大意可定位到文章第二段。第二步：根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，特別是“almost all developed nations are e

32、xperiencing sub­replacement birth rate”和“Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.”可知，發(fā)達國家保持人口的現(xiàn)有規(guī)模也是困難重重。size/scale表示“尺寸，大小，規(guī)?！?，符合文意。第三步：確定答案為size/scale。典例2(2017·江蘇高考)In the n

33、orth of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of Ind

34、ia's working­age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India's economy may take off when the country achieves (78)_ of educational opportunity.分析：第一步：根據(jù)題干中的“India's econ

35、omy”以及“educational”，可以定位到文章第五段。第二步：根據(jù)第五段中對于印度人口出生率以及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系的敘述可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：印度若能實現(xiàn)公民受教育機會的平等化，它的經(jīng)濟會有大的增長。第三步：確定答案為equality。附：信息概括常用詞1原因與結(jié)果：reason (for), result; cause (of), consequence2異同點與優(yōu)缺點：difference, similarity; advantage, disadvantage3功能：function4觀點與態(tài)度：opinion, view (on/about), viewpoint, idea;

36、 attitude (to/towards) 5評論與評價：comment (on), remark (on/upon), assessment6方式與方法：means, way, method (of); solution, approach (to doing sth.); (take) measures (to do sth.)7目的：purpose, aim, goal8積極與消極：positive, negative9建議：advice, suggestion, tip10概括與總結(jié)：summary, conclusion11特點：feature, characteristic12種

37、類：kind, type, category, class13精神上與身體上：mentally, physically14影響：influence, impact, effect (on)15情形，狀況：situation, condition16方面與項目條款：aspect, item17材料：materials18知識與消息：knowledge, information19日程計劃：schedule, agenda20百分比：percentage21性別：sex22年齡：age23(不)熟悉：familiar/unfamiliar24個人，個人的：individual25細節(jié)：descri

38、ption, detail26文化：culture27責(zé)任：(take) responsibility28貢獻：(make) contributions (to) 29重要：value, importance, significance30比較：contrast, comparison31時期：period, time32存在：existence, exist33人口：population34天氣與氣候：weather, climate35位置：location36主題：theme37背景：setting, background38情節(jié)：plot39高潮：climax40反對者與支持者：opp

39、onent, supporter二、解題時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題在解答信息轉(zhuǎn)換題和信息概括題時要注意以下幾點：1字母大小寫。2名詞的數(shù)和格。3動詞的形式。4形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級。5動詞或名詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配。6時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、第三人稱等。7格式一致。表格內(nèi)容的同一級要用相同的形式。例如：In the arrival statement, the Prime Minister said he is looking forward to the meeting with Singapore on ways to deepen East Asia cooperation between tw

40、o nations so as to_contribute to the building of a peaceful, harmonious relationship.Thesignificanceof the visitDeepening East Asia cooperation between two nationsContribute to the establishment of a peaceful, harmonious relationshipContribute應(yīng)改為Contributing，與上欄Deepening形式一致。.完成下列表格，使左右欄意義一致(限填一詞)1p

41、eople who lack sleeppeople lacking sleep2as summer approacheswith summer approaching3a country which has a long historya country with a long history4find out the reasons for their failure in the testfind out why they failed the test5besidesin addition to/as well as6be accused ofbe charged with7have

42、the same interest as youshare your interest8cause thousands of deathsclaim thousands of lives9a team made up of 12 boysa team consisting of 12 boys10succeed in passing the testmanage to pass the test11lead to serious accidentsresult in serious accidents12not having enough moneylack of money.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(限填

43、一詞)1Kate was born in China.Kate's birthplace is China.2Tom couldn't agree with his boss's decision more.Tom supported his boss's decision.3The lady was not happy.The lady was unhappy.4As we all know, if someone wants to pass this exam, he ought to prepare for it well.Good preparation

44、 is key to passing this exam.5E­mail has also changed the speed with which we exchanged information. In minutes, you can contact another person.E­mail has also enabled us to exchange information at higher speed than traditional communicative methods.6In minutes, you can get in touch with a

45、nother person who shares your love of kites or stamps.Within a short time, it lets you contact another person who has the same interest with you.7It was not a pleasant experience for them.For them, it was a(n) unpleasant experience.8At first, some experts didn't agree with the idea.Some experts

46、disagreed with the idea in the beginning.9It will not be harmful to your relationships with others.It will be harmless to your relationships with others.10In some fields, women still have no equality as in the past.In some fields, there still exists inequality for women.11Such behaviors are consider

47、ed not appropriate in public.Such inappropriate behaviors are not allowed in public.12In general men are not aware of this problem as women.Men should raise the awareness of this problem in general.13The more one knows about pollution, the more one can do for our environment.One should have a good k

48、nowledge of pollution to contribute to the environment.14Keeping silent can actually make your anger longer.Keeping silent may not help and can lengthen your anger.15Remember gym is not your only choice.You can try other activities besides going to the gym.16It's necessary to make use of every o

49、pportunity to practice more.We need to take advantage of every opportunity to practice more.17It is concluded that talking on a cellphone while driving is as dangerous as drunk driving.What can be concluded from the study is that the effects of using a cellphone while driving is equal to drunk drivi

50、ng.18Older people who suffer health problems still say they are OK.Older people suffering health problems feel good about themselves.19Let your friends know your ideas, and you needn't force them to follow the ideas.You can let your friends know your ideas without forcing them to follow the idea

51、s.20Some researchers have made a survey in which 200 housewives were involved, finding that they have greater ambitions for career.Some researchers have made a survey involving 200 housewives and found that they still want to work.根據(jù)材料或表格提示完成下列表格(限填一詞)1A great number of doctors say that food program

52、s need to pay more attention to children, especially the babies. It is high time that children's diets should be improved. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful vitamins and minerals.The waysto save childrenDiets should be improved.Diets should contain foods with rich vit

53、amins and minerals.2Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places. If tourists create too much traffic, the local people will become annoyed and unhappy. They will begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely.AdvantagesDevelopin

54、g economyAdvancing of local peopleIncreasing employmentDisadvantagesBringing over crowdednessIncreasing pressure on trafficAffecting the local people's attitude3With the number of Chinese children who die from unexpected accidents becoming larger and larger, the government is working on a Safe K

55、ids Program to prevent injuries and deaths. As for this, most parents have shown their support.Purpose/IntentionThe program is intended to prevent accidental injuries and deaths.4Title: Change in Today's ChildrenMain comparisonsContextsDifferent(1)behaviorsChildren in the past just did what they

56、 were supposed toChildren today act as if they were adultsDifferent (2)feelings/emotionsChildren in the past never experienced depressionSometimes sadness happens to children todayDifferent (3)ways/methodsto get knowledgeChildren in the past: in a gradual and guided processChildren nowadays: by watc

57、hing TV without control專題限時檢測(二十四)任務(wù)型閱讀(一)(限時24分鐘)A(2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)高三三模) When It's Not Quite a Wonderful LifeA 2011 study by researchers might make you think twice about difficult holiday emotions. They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks, looking to see when they flashed fake versus sincere smiles at their passengers. The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to put on an act and pretend to be in a good mood, their actual moods got worse. This was especially true for wome