高考英語專項指導短文改錯

1、高考英語專項指導短文改錯NMET短文改錯的命題特點 1. 短文改錯的命題通常從以下幾方面考慮: i. 考察英語的屈折附加成分(以表現(xiàn)英語學科的顯著特點)。 ii. 學生受本族語影響容易犯的錯誤。 iii. 估計考生可能出現(xiàn)的錯誤。 2. 用于改錯的短文題材為中學生所熟悉, 不會象閱讀理解那樣, 發(fā)生因題材陌生而丟分。NMET短文改錯的命題內(nèi)容I. 英語的屈折附加成分 1. 現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù) 2. 時態(tài) 3. 被動語態(tài) 4. 動名詞 5. 分詞 6. 不定式 7. 名詞復數(shù) 8. 代詞 9. 比較形容詞 10. 詞性的變化 (從一類詞派生另一類詞)II. 學生受本族語影響容易犯的錯誤 1. 英

2、語介詞和活潑的動詞搭配, 構(gòu)成表達法, 是NMET短文改錯的重要內(nèi)容 2. 漢語中沒有和英語冠詞相對應的詞語 3. 英語中的一致現(xiàn)象 (一致包括動詞與其主語的一致, 稱謂的一致,主從句中時態(tài)的一致等) 4. 英語中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)象 (在表達平行概念時, 要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu), 平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助于并列連詞and, or, not only.but also等。)How to do Proof-readingMarch 16th, 2021steps of doing proof-reading1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea

3、.(瀏覽全文，掌握大意2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.分句閱讀，逐行找錯3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones.檢查核對，攻克難點We all had a good time today.2. I can return to school now.3. I like playing piano.4. I major at accounting.theWrong wo

4、rdMissing wordintoUnnecessary wordright word動詞形，名詞數(shù)還要注意形和副代詞格，細領悟介詞短語須關(guān)注習慣用法要記住冠詞連詞常光臨 A Limerick1. She said she and my classmate all wished me success. 2. Visiting friends is one of the most common occurrence in our everyday life. 3. I saw your name on a list of teacher who wished to spend their ho

5、lidays in France this summer. 4. This is really a problem we Chinese official pay more attention to. (classmates)(occurrences)(teachers)(officials)錯誤類型例析(1) 名詞錯誤名詞錯誤主要考查名詞單復數(shù)錯誤。確定名詞單復數(shù)的方法：看修飾語?？蓴?shù)名詞前假設有數(shù)詞及many, a lot of, quite a few, one of, all the (ones)等修飾時，要用復數(shù)。主謂的一致?？蓴?shù)名詞前無單數(shù)修飾語，一定要用復數(shù)?？雌渌薅?。5. I

6、s it true that some Germen will come to visit our school next week? 6. There are so many kinds of computers on sale that we cant make up our mind which to buy. 7. All the woman doctors in the hospital got a present on the eighth of March. Germansmindswomen錯誤類型例析(2)冠詞錯誤冠詞是英語中特有的詞類。由于漢語中沒有相對應的詞類，所以中國學

7、生對它的用法感到非常難以掌握。短文改錯對冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有，但多是根本用法如：不可數(shù)名詞表泛指，前面多冠詞；專有名詞前多冠詞；單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前缺冠詞;不定冠詞a, an與定冠詞the的誤用以及固定搭配中的冠詞錯誤等。1. As I am inexperienced teacher, Im afraid I have little to say about the subject. 2. One of the students who were sitting in front gave a different answer to the question. 3. The computer i

8、s an useful machine that can do many things for us. 4. A great celebration was held in the Peoples Square on the National Day. (an)(the)(a)(the)5. Many people agree that the knowledge of English is a must in international trade. 6. He failed but he wanted to try the second time.7. How beautifully sh

9、e sings! Ive never heard the better voice. 8. A few friends hed made there were all invited to his birthday party. aaa(The)1. Mr. Johnson gave his friends, Mary and I, a tea party. 2. I have the same idea as his. 3. We got on the school bus and which took us straight to the Peoples Park. mehe/himit錯

10、誤類型例析(3)代詞錯誤代詞錯誤主要有人稱代詞格的誤用，不定代詞使用錯誤，作形式主語與形式賓語it的遺漏或誤用以及代詞所指代的內(nèi)容與先行詞在性和數(shù)方面不一致等。5. The football team has done well this year. All of their members have trained hard. 6. He designed new tools which were fit for the users when they worked with it. 7. Havent I made this clear that you mustnt spit every

11、where? itsthemit錯誤類型例析(4)詞性錯誤根據(jù)詞在句中的位置及與其他詞的修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系來確定詞的正確形式，詞在句中不同的句法功能要求使用相應的詞性。詞性誤用包括形容詞副詞誤用和其他詞性誤用。連系動詞后或名詞前用形容詞，修飾行為動詞、形容詞副詞、過去分詞或整個句子用副詞。Im sure your illness is caused by something more seriously than overwork. 2. The mixture of coffee, milk, and sugar tastes differently from tea. 3. My home

12、town has taken on a new look. How great it has changed! 4. He listened to his heart and said there was nothing serious wrong with him. seriousdifferentgreatlyseriously5. Usually at the begin of a meeting, we sang the national song. 6. When I heard the steps outside, I hurriedly went up to the window

13、 to see who past by. beginningpassed錯誤類型例析(5)時態(tài)與語態(tài)錯誤時態(tài)錯誤：根據(jù)語境用錯時態(tài); 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)或句意用錯時態(tài); 根據(jù)連詞對稱性原那么用錯時態(tài)及根據(jù)時間狀語用錯時態(tài)。解題時應根據(jù)特定的語境、特定的時間狀語提示，正確調(diào)整時態(tài)。 語態(tài)錯誤：是該用被動語態(tài)卻用了主動語態(tài)或不能用于被動語態(tài)的詞如happen, take place, occur, sell well, belong to等卻用了被動語態(tài)。1. Do you know what subjects they study while they were at college? 2. It w

14、as a long time since I saw Tom at my uncles and I dont know where hes been these months. 3. The ship hardly left the port when a terrible storm came. 4. The time is sure to come when my words come true. studiedishadwill5. The rule requires that everyone have his bike, new or old, checked once a year

15、. 6. There by the river sitting an old man who seemed to be fishing. 7. You are wet all over. You must have caught in the sudden heavy rain. 8. In the summer of 1998, serious floods were occurred in many parts of China. hassatbeen(were)錯誤類型例析(6)非謂語動詞錯誤主要是不定式符號to的多余與遺漏，動名詞作主語和介詞賓語時誤用原形動詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的誤用

16、等。1. We must do everything we can help Lin Ping in his first year of teaching. 2. She did nothing but cried all day. 3. Jack was said to be made stay behind by his teacher after school yesterday. 4. People expect their electing officials to be honest. to(cry)toelected6. Mr. Reed made up his mind to

17、devote all he had to set up some schools for poor children. 7. Dr Tichauer has discovered that use the same tools all day long for many years will cause serious illnesses. 8. There was no more buses, they had no choice but to walk home. settingusingbeing錯誤類型例析(7)冗言錯誤冗言錯誤是指受漢語的影響，句中用了多余的詞，造成語義重復。主要有形

18、容詞副詞比較級前用了多余的more，動詞后接介詞或副詞造成語義重復以及句中使用多余的詞等。1. I never knew that a ride down a river could be so much exciting. 2. We must study hard in order to serve for the people better in the future. 3. I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. 4. Today I visited the Smiths - my first t

19、ime visit to an American family. (time)(both)(for)(much)錯誤類型例析(8)連詞錯誤 連詞(conjunction)錯誤主要有并列連詞and, but, or的誤用、固定搭配中的連詞使用錯誤以及根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系連詞使用錯誤等。解題時要根據(jù)詞與詞、句子與句子之間的關(guān)系來判斷連接詞的使用是否正確或是否多余或遺漏，要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。1. It is a very important examination but I cant afford to fail it. 2. The new person on the job feels bet

20、ter after he and she has played tennis with other people in the office. 3. In some places you can borrow many books as you want. 4. People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. asorsoas6. Most people can get help from a doctor or go

21、 to a hospital since they are ill. 7. Its years after I painted a picture. 8. We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. butsincewhenThere was once a farmer worked very hard 1._ every day. One day when he was hoeing in the 2._ sunshine, he suddenly listened a low sound 3._ “Peng!. He turn

22、ed and hurried to the tree. He found a rabbit dying. He took held of the 4._ rabbit and was exciting. “What a rabbit! Ill 5._ have it to dinner! Then he had a good idea, 6._ “Why cant I wait for more rabbits here? Its cool under the tree. So he dropped off his hoe and wait there. But day after day,

23、there 7._ had no more rabbits coming. What was worse, 8 _ all the his crops were dead.The story tells 9._ us that you want to get something, you must 10._ work hard for it. Remember, “No pains, no gains!who heardholdexcitedforwaitedweretheif錯誤類型例析(9)介詞錯誤介詞錯誤有介詞的遺漏、副詞性和連詞性詞組前使用多余的介詞及固定搭配中的介詞誤用等。1. Wi

24、ll you join in us if we decide to do the new experiment? 2. Lisa was working as a secretary in a big firm for the first time I met her. 3. She goes to visit her parents in the country once in a month.4. The discovery shes made in medicine is great importance to science. (in)(for)(in)(of)5. She had a

25、 feeling that the sad-looking man was not a person she could trust or talk. 6. It took place in the afternoon when I met you in the street. 7. We are hoping that a concert will soon be given, on which the works of Liszt will be played. 8. Caribbean music is quite popular in Britain, and it is very g

26、ood music to dance. (to)(on)(at)(to)錯誤類型例析(10)定語從句錯誤從句中缺少作主語的關(guān)系代詞。從句中使用了多余的人稱代詞。 that與which的誤用。 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的誤用。 非限制性定語從句中使用人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞。從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞不一致。定語從句與強調(diào)句型誤用。1. The first passengers had left the sinking ship were women and children. 2. The technicians took a single day to complete the work

27、I had planned to finish it within a week. 3. All of a sudden the lights went out in the dinning-room, where the guests were having dinner there. 4. In class our teacher spoke to us about the writer and his works which were still unknown to us all. (who/that)(that)(it)(there)5. I dont think it is one

28、 of the best films that has ever been shown this year. 6. It was not until 1979 when he got happily back to work. 7. At that time something unexpected happened to his family, this made it necessary for him to stop school and work in society. 8. I decided to write Chaplin, one of his films I had seen

29、 seven years before. (whose)(which)(that)(have)錯誤類型例析(11)主謂一致錯誤謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語不一致。1. The number of passengers killed in the accident were surprising. 2. Not every student in all the classes know the importance of mastering the English language. 3. All through his life Einstein believed fighting and kil

30、ling in war were wrong. 4. Going to bed early and getting up early are a good habit.(was)(knows)(was)(is)5. Although many of the houses in the small town are still in need of repair, there have been much improvement in their appearances. 6. The first two questions in the test paper were difficult, b

31、ut the rest was easy. 7. Nick is looking for another job because nothing he does satisfy his boss. 8. Anyone can borrow books and it cost nothing to borrow them.(has)(were)(satisfies)(costs)錯誤類型例析(12)名詞性從句錯誤 主要是連接詞的多余、遺漏和誤用。 1. It didnt matter that I would win or not. 2. If you hear something you do

32、nt understand, just listen calmly, and it will help you to make clear that you dont understand. 3. Little is known about his childhood except he began to work in a factory at the age of ten. (whether)(what)(that)5. What the old mans son wanted to know is why the gold had been hidden. 6. What modern

33、science and technology helps the society progress is a fact accepted by most people. 7. What the doctor really doubts is that my mother will recover from the serious illness.8. Youre responsible to whomever is in charge of sales. (That)(where)(whether)(whoever)錯誤類型例析(13)平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤 在表達相同的概念是要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動

34、詞與動詞想配其時態(tài)及其他變化形式要一致，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，短語與短語相配等。平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助于連詞and, or, but,以及連詞詞組not onlybut also, not. but, eitheror, as well as, rather than 等。 1. He looked at the children playing under the tree and feeling very pleased. 2. Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sen

35、se of fair play and team spirit. 3. I keep a bakery open not to do business but make sure the shop is safe.(felt)(gives)(to)6. The first thing she could do was go up to her trainer and thanked her for all the help she had given her. 7. Charles and Linda Manson do all of these things as well as climb

36、ed buildings.8. I told Father, Mother, Sister, all my friends what a time I had. (thank)(climbing)(and)錯誤類型例析(14)詞語誤用 主要是對英語中的同義詞、近義詞識別不清而造成的錯誤。 1. The teacher saw a broken cup and tried to find who had broken it. 2. It makes you good to lie in the sunshine or swim in the sea. 3. She fixed all the r

37、adios besides the smallest one, because there were no parts for it. 4. From the fact we can say whos right and whos wrong. (out)(well)(except)(tell)5. Please open the letter and tell me what it writes . 6. The room was too cold for a ninety-year-old woman to live in, so they made a fire to get the t

38、emperature risen. 7. In my opinion, they were not possible to give up the chance of taking part in the international book fair. 8. I couldnt see a word on the blackboard as I didnt sit closely to it. (close)(likely)(raised)(about)錯誤類型例析(15)行文邏輯錯誤 行文邏輯錯誤是短文改錯中最難的一種設計形式。要識別和改正這種錯誤，必須通篇考慮，從全文以及句與句之間的邏輯

39、關(guān)系上去判斷是否有與全文或句與句之間的語境不一致的錯誤表達。 We dont have to be doctors give somebody 1._ first aid. And we have to know how to 2. _ do first aid. If it is quick and correctly 3. _ given, we can save somebodys life. Last winter, when Mike was trying to climb the tree, 4._ he lost his footing and falling off the t

40、ree. 5. _ One of his legs was bleeding bad. I tried to 6. _ give him first aid. First I tried with a clean cloth and tied my handkerchief onto the bleeding 7._ point. I ask him to hold up the leg when I ran to8_ call a taxi. He was sent to hospital in the time. 9. _ And the doctor praised me what I

41、had done. 10_toButquicklyafellbadlyaskedthefor一、動詞形 1.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤. 2. 主、謂不一致的錯誤。高考鏈接：When the air move, we have wind.moves二、名詞數(shù) 指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。高考鏈接2：We write to each other all the times.time三、還要注意形和副修飾名詞，be動詞，系動詞要用形容詞修飾動詞，形容詞，過去分詞，整個句子用副詞比較級和最高級的使用高考鏈接：It is still hardly for me to write in English.ha

42、rd四、 代詞格，細領悟1.人稱代詞，物主代詞的使用反身代詞oneself 的使用人稱代詞的主格和賓格不定代詞的使用Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.6. Whose 和whos， its和 its的區(qū)別高考鏈接：I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our English this term.us五、介詞短語須關(guān)注，習慣用法要記住 主要考查固定短語，固定介詞的搭配。高考鏈接：The man is sitting next his son.to. 冠詞a, an和the的用法錯誤 連詞but，and，or, so和although的用

43、法錯誤高考鏈接：What a good news weve heard.2. Im sorry, and I wont be able to come tonight .but六、冠詞連詞常光臨aAt Christmas Eve, Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sittingroom. Kate was covered it with

44、a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Chistmastree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.1.2.3. .8.9.10.At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his1._father to choose a Christmas tree. They c