高一英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、第9頁 共9頁高一英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：變?nèi)朔Q 下面有一句順口溜一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。一隨主是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.二隨賓是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎棥木渲械娜朔Q要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：He said to Kate. How is

2、 your sister nowHe asked Kate how her sister was then。第三人稱不更新是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。：變句型 直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus woul

3、d arrive in five minutes.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如：He said, Can you swim, John He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike He asked m

4、e if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)。She asked me, When do they have their dinner She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (o

5、rdered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引語如果是以Lets開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用suggest +動(dòng)句詞(或從句)。如：He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使

6、用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語;一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.約翰說：我要和父親到倫敦去。(引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語)John said that he was going to London with his father.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語從句是間接引語)：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語 1. 直接引語是陳述句時(shí)間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(口語中that可以省略)，主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。He sai

7、d , You are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him.間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞say 改為ask,或改為wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。(1) 一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。She said, Do you often e here to read newspapersShe asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newsp

8、apers.She asked me , You have seen the film, havent youShe asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.(2) 選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether.or 賓語從句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonightI asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。He asked , Where do

9、you liveHe asked me where I lived.間接引語為不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語(dont 變?yōu)閚ot ).The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.His father told him not to leave the door open.注意(1) 有些表示建

10、議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等動(dòng)詞 加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window he asked.He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a walk after supper he asked .he advise

11、d me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music he asked.He suggested listening to the music.間接引語為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.5.如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語原來時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間

12、接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)(3) 一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí)(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)(5) 一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)(6) 過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí)注意(1) 如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2) 如果直接引語中有明確表示過時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)不改為過去完成時(shí)。

13、如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引語所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.The girl said t

14、hat she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過去時(shí)則不變。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式could, might, shoul

15、d, would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如：The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only six .He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。指示代詞 this -thatthese- those表示時(shí)間的詞 now - thentoday- that daythis week(month ,etc) -that week (m