第五講：詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法2

1、 第五講 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法（二）1一、轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞1、形容詞派生的名詞可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞 常見可以加在形容詞后面，構(gòu)成名詞的后綴有：-ity security, crudity, oddity, possibility-ness carelessness, dryness, silliness-dom freedom, boredom, wisdom-th warmth2Examples:She recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.她認(rèn)識(shí)到：通過中間人與他們打交道是愚蠢的。The se

2、curity and warmth of the destroyers bay were wonderful.驅(qū)逐艦的病室既安全，又溫暖，非常舒服！He added: “I understand and respect their views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.”他又說：“我理解并尊重他們的觀點(diǎn)，但我深信我的決定是正確的?！盜 would question the wisdom of lending him such a large sum of money.我對(duì)借給他這么一大筆錢是否明智持懷疑態(tài)度。

3、我認(rèn)為借給他這么一大筆錢是不明智的。32、有些名詞加不定冠詞作表語時(shí)，往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。There is a possibility that he will win the election.他有可能贏得這次選舉。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.獨(dú)立思考是學(xué)習(xí)過程中不可或缺的/必不可少的。獨(dú)立思考對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)是必需的。His speech on globalization is a great success.他所作的關(guān)于全球化的演講非常成功。他所作的關(guān)于全球化的演講取得了巨大的成功。As he is a perfe

4、ct stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.這座城市對(duì)他來說是完全陌生的，因此我希望你能給他一些必要的幫助。4副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞 如果在翻譯的過程中將一個(gè)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞，則修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞自然應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞。Examples:In the past ten years, Chinas GDP per capital has increased greatly.在過去的十年中，中國(guó)的人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值有了很大的增長(zhǎng)。Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the re

5、presentatives.我們的提議得到了全體代表的熱烈歡迎。The girl impressed her fiances relatives favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor.這個(gè)女孩的活潑和幽默給她未婚夫的親戚們留下了極好的印象。 在一定情況下，一些副詞也可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.我國(guó)政府十分關(guān)心海外僑胞。Traditionally, there had always been good relatio

6、ns between them.他們之間一直有著傳統(tǒng)的友好關(guān)系。5二、轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞：當(dāng)英語名詞譯成漢語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，修飾該名詞的形容詞也相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語副詞。Examples:We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague,我們不安地小睡了幾次，竭力想聽懂布拉格電臺(tái)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的廣播。The first time he took me to the lanes, I must have been 9 or so. He was carefu

7、l to select a lighter ball for me, and in his low, measured tones began to instruct me.他第一次帶我去打保齡球的時(shí)候，我肯定是9歲左右。他仔細(xì)地給我挑選了一個(gè)輕一點(diǎn)的球，然后低聲用他那從容不迫的語調(diào)開始教我怎樣打。 由于英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣的差異，還有一些形容詞在特定的語境里適合轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞。6A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.直升飛機(jī)幾乎可以自由地飛到任何地方去。Its sheer nonsense這完全是胡說八道。名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞Examples:When he c

8、atches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對(duì)他的人，他就本能地用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這個(gè)人爭(zhēng)取過來。The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市長(zhǎng)有禮貌地前來拜訪城市貧困戶，獲得了大家的的一致稱贊。 同樣，副詞有時(shí)候也可以根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)的需要轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞He is physically weak bu

9、t mentally sound他身體虛弱，但心智健全。7三、非人稱主語句的轉(zhuǎn)換英語中有大量非人稱主語句，使用抽象名詞或事物作主語。這種句式常常有擬人化修辭色彩，語氣委婉、含蓄、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，是典型的英語句式。非人稱主語句在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，必須在漢語中采用人稱主語句。否則譯句生硬，甚至不成句子。8Examples:1. Then came the struggle and parting below. Words refuse to tell it. (Vanity Fair) 接著是樓下告別時(shí)的忙亂，當(dāng)時(shí)的情形真是難以用言語形容。 2. This almost caused Jemima

10、 to faint with terror. “Well, I never,” said she, “What an audacious-” Emotion prevented her from completing either sentence. The carriage rolled away; the great gates were closed; the bell rang for the dancing lesson. The world is before the two young ladies; and so, farewell to Chiswick Mall. (Van

11、ity Fair) 吉米瑪嚇得差點(diǎn)暈過去，說道：“哎喲，我從來沒有-好大的膽子-”她的感情起伏得太厲害，因此兩句話都沒有說完。馬車走了，大鐵門關(guān)上了；里面打起鈴子準(zhǔn)備上跳舞課。兩個(gè)女孩子從此開始做人了。再見吧，琪斯克林蔭道！3. His failure made a mockery of the teachers great efforts to help him. 由于他考試不及格，老師輔導(dǎo)他的一番心血白費(fèi)了。9summary The skill of conversion in E-C translation is frequently used and its of great help

12、 in organizing a coherent and correct sentence in accordance with Chinese way of expression. However, we could never use the skill literally as we were taught in the previous chapter. It is only a strategy you may adopt if the literal translation of the words is absurd in the target language. And al

13、ways bear in mind that any technique or skill we learn in the course shouldnt be observed literally. Only through proper employment of them under proper condition can we achieve the perfect effect in translation.10In-class exercisesLocated next to the Richmond Country Club, these remarkable neighbor

14、hoods feature contemporary architecture plus unparalleled access to employment centers and recreational amenities, making Country Club Vista one of the most extraordinary values in the Bay Area.Even in these days, when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak, it would probably be a mistake to under