2017年高考英語語法填空解題技巧

1、 英語語法填空解題技巧與方法命題揭密1、閱讀/理解語篇的能力;2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;3、熟練運(yùn)用語法的能力。1. 語法填空題能力要求1、快速瀏覽全文，把握文章大意和作者寫作意圖，總體時(shí)態(tài)；2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)-主謂結(jié)構(gòu);3、根據(jù)上下文把握空格意思。2. 語法填空題解題步驟 3.語法填空題空格設(shè)計(jì)純空格介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，從句引導(dǎo)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)組動(dòng)詞等有提示詞謂語動(dòng)詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí) 有提示詞的解題技巧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)上下文語境謂語動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)）非謂語動(dòng)詞名詞，形容詞，副詞，形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)有提示詞第一部分純空格3. the hea

2、d of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away.4. I still remember taking _ visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub(酒店) for lunch. 考點(diǎn)一：冠詞 名詞之前There once were a goat (山羊) and a donkey(驢). So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the don

3、key medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child subject to(受到) this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was _ shy , nervous perfectionist(完美主義者). the a考查語法點(diǎn): 定冠詞,不定冠詞的用法考點(diǎn)分析 a a 無提示詞下列情況很可能填 ：(1)_+可數(shù)n.(單數(shù))；(2)_+形容詞+可數(shù)n.(單數(shù))。下列情況下很可能填 ：(1)_ (+形容詞)+n.+ of等介詞短語 (表示特指)；(2)_ (+形容詞)+n.+定語從句(表示特

4、指)；(3)_ (+形容詞)+n.+不定式短語或分詞短語 (表示特指)考點(diǎn)分析不定冠詞定冠詞解題技巧考點(diǎn)二： 介詞(1)介詞+賓語（名詞）(2)不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語1. In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in English2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. 3.

5、 She found some good quality pipes_ sale. 4. He was very tired _doing this for a whole day of at考查語法點(diǎn): 介詞的基本用法及慣用搭配考點(diǎn)分析onfrom 無提示詞：注意固定搭配be tired from 因厭倦 當(dāng)空格后的名詞(一般前有限定詞)、代詞或動(dòng)名詞在句中不是作主語、表語，也不是作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，那就是作介詞的賓語，即填介詞。 因?yàn)槊~和代詞最典型的用法是在句中作主語或賓語，既然不作主語和動(dòng)詞的賓語，那就是作介詞的賓語了，所以要填介詞。 具體填什么介詞,可能是由介詞與該名詞的搭配及其意義來決

6、定,也可能是由動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的句式搭配來決定。解題技巧考點(diǎn)三：代詞(1)作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格,注意形容詞詞性和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。(2)指示代詞,不定代詞、反身代詞等考查語法點(diǎn): 代詞的基本用法考點(diǎn)分析1. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old

7、woman for the trouble I had caused _ . 3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again: a smile itherme 無提示詞 無提示詞：代詞在句子中作主語或賓語時(shí)，通常填代詞，包括1.人稱代詞(I/me/you/he/him等)、2.指示代詞(it/this等)、3.不定代詞(something/anything等)、4.名詞性物主代詞(mine/yours/his/hers等)、5.疑問代詞(which/who等)、6.反身

8、代詞(不能作主語)(myself/yourself等) 在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her等)?？键c(diǎn)分析解題技巧 考點(diǎn)四：連詞或從句引導(dǎo)詞兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)連接 Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains_the area is called the Black Country. 2. It got its name during the industrial revolution, _ factory pollution turned the local skies black and loc

9、al dust from the mines made the soil the same color. 3. Jane paused in front of a counter(柜臺(tái)) _ some attractive ties were on display.4. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up (拔起)all of his crop a few inches. why when考查語法點(diǎn): 各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞的用法考點(diǎn)分析wherethat 無提示詞解題技巧考點(diǎn)分析解題技巧并列句和復(fù)合句并列句：簡單句并列連

10、詞簡單句復(fù)合句：主句（主謂賓）從句（連接詞主謂）兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句之間若不用句號(hào)或分號(hào)，就必須要用連詞，否則，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。 語法填空題純空格設(shè)計(jì)純空格介詞，連詞，代詞，冠詞，第二部分有提示詞考點(diǎn)五：謂語動(dòng)詞 有提示詞 與主語構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)1. I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 2. His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played

11、 with joyous abandon. 3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention. was told kept考查語法點(diǎn): 謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài), 及主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析results 當(dāng)句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)要考慮_、_、_、_等四個(gè)方面?！敬_定時(shí)態(tài)的3條依據(jù)】(1)依據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)一致?？瓷舷挛闹^語動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài)(過去/現(xiàn)在/將來)，空格要填的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)一致。這是高考語法填空中確定時(shí)態(tài)的最重要的依據(jù)

12、。但需注意：客觀事實(shí)或真理可能時(shí)態(tài)不一致；直接引語的時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)與引號(hào)外的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(2)依據(jù)并列謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致。(3)依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常與完成時(shí)連用。提示：盡管課標(biāo)或考綱中列出了10種時(shí)態(tài)，但近兩年全國卷和九年廣東卷的高考真題只考查了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。解題技巧時(shí)態(tài)、 語態(tài)、 語氣、 主謂一致考點(diǎn)六：非謂語動(dòng)詞 有提示詞 除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的動(dòng)詞

13、形式1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_ (receive) the gift. 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) the rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored her. 4. Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrow

14、s(眉毛) (raise). receiving to complete included考查語法點(diǎn): 非謂語動(dòng)詞及變形的使用 考點(diǎn)分析raised 當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，橫線前又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)，就要根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式(doing, done, to do)。解題技巧考點(diǎn)七：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 有提示詞 介詞,冠詞,所有格后接名詞,形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾形容詞動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 2. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _

15、(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. 3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. 4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good

16、than harm to the students and the nation. rudely suggestion考查語法點(diǎn): 各類詞性的正確使用及轉(zhuǎn)化考點(diǎn)分析naturalUndoubtedly 當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號(hào)中所給詞的詞類不同時(shí),就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下5點(diǎn)順利解決：（1）作主語或賓語用_形式。（2）在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(some, any, a lot of等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時(shí)，就用_形式。（3）作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用_形式。（4）作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或放在句首修飾全句，用_。（5）當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相

17、同時(shí)，無需改變詞性，而可能是只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。解題技巧名詞名詞形容詞副詞考點(diǎn)歸納 在高考全國卷中出現(xiàn)的考綱詞的派生詞是不算生詞的，也不用漢語注明，因此，掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)非常重要。從近兩年全國卷的語法填空來看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換僅考查了以下3點(diǎn)：(1)形容詞副詞。(2)形容詞名詞。(3)名詞形容詞?？键c(diǎn)八：形容詞副詞的級(jí) 有提示詞通常，有表示范圍的in /of介詞短語或形容詞前有the時(shí)，一般要用最高級(jí)；than的前面一定要用比較級(jí)One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high sc

18、hool English teacher 2. We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of the few words I had learned. I felt _ (lonely) than I had expected that night. 3. Lucille Clifton is an award-winning

19、 poet and writer. Critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time. worst考點(diǎn)分析less lonelygreatest解題技巧 當(dāng)括號(hào)中所給詞是形容詞或副詞，且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)語境,理解句意，若該詞意思不變，邏輯上講得通,就很可能填該詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。 注意： 要善于分析語境,辨別省略了than的隱性比較級(jí)。 若需要用與該詞意義相反的意思，邏輯才通順的，就要在該詞前加表示否定或相反意義的前綴或后綴。如：1. (2015卷I65) seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting). 2. (2014卷I49) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the