英語專業(yè)八級改錯真題(1999-2012)完整含答案版本解析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)99年改錯Part Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the fo

2、llowing way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an un

3、necessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example Whenart museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibitio

4、n, it must often build it. (3) exhibit The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1._human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter- gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that

5、one half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishingand only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherers calories come from plants. Detailed 3._studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering

6、is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4._edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5._ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey esc

7、ape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7._They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of

8、the average American 8._adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9._style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10._healthier diet.2000改錯 The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously d

9、ifferent 1._ from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2._ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3._But this is a rather misled way of express

10、ing the distinction. 4._ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is, it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5._ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man is vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6._ Moreover, gra

11、mmatical words differ considerably among themselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7._ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been “l(fā)ittle words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8._ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we consider tha

12、t we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9._ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10._ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry of Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams an

13、d newspaper headlines.2001改錯 During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1._ they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2._ favorit

14、e topic of conversation. War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3._ not wait for markets t

15、o improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4._ were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5._ On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6._ but the government had no wish to become involv

16、ing, at 7._ least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8._ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers

17、 sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the governmentappointed 9._ the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10._ buy, sell, and set prices. 2002改錯 There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in

18、 spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1_ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech 2._ sounds like when we speak out, and it o

19、ften comes as a shock 3._when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we 4._recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We begin the natural learning 5._of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early

20、years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6._practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our 7._difficult English spelling. This is “natural”, therefore, that our 8._speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circl

21、e; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9._and giving a sense of belonging. We learn quite early to recognize a “stranger”, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10._2003改錯Demographic indicators show that Ame

22、ricans in the postwar period were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)_ years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young

23、 (2)_ adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)_ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)_ and at a younger age th

24、an their Europe counterparts. (5)_ Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)_ formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)_ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in

25、 earlier as well (8)_ as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)_ distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)_Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and hom

26、emaker was not abandoned.2004改錯 One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)_purpose, or joint committees consisted of members o

27、f both houses. (2)_Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)_groundwork for

28、impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)_and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_com

29、mittee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)_widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)_to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)_Congressional committees also have the pow

30、er to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)_ 2005改錯The University as Business A number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much ste

31、eper than the current, very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and i

32、ncreasingly the 2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3 business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is pri

33、marily a factor in 5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor ones job prospects, 6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education, in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7 include soft majo

34、rs, student evaluations of teachers, giving students a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8 Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9 rigors of competition, universities collude to minimiz

35、e the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded t

36、o limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10 customer.2006改錯 We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Eac

37、h of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1_to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2_message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_set of grammatical rules which enables him to

38、 communicate his 4_thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6_But, whether the language store

39、is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice

40、 two most 8_common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9_ _among most striking of human achievements. 10_2007改錯 From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how lang

41、uage originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1 records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2 emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3 _originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4 necessary evidence is enti

42、rely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries 5 than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6 other grounds too the theory is not very attractive. Peo

43、ple of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7 such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8_between these noises and language proper

44、. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9 whereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are 10_wholly conventional.2008年改錯The desire to use language as a sign of national iden

45、tity is a very natural one，and in result language has played a 1_prominent part in national movesMen have often felt the need 2_to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive 3_from another racewhose hegemony they resentAt the time the 4._United States split off from Britain，for exa

46、mple，there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by 5._the use of a different language from those of Britain 6._There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt HebrewOthers favoured the adoption of Greek，though，as one man put it，things would certainly be simpler

47、for Americans if they stuck on to 7._English and made the British learn GreekAt the end，as everyone 8._ knows，the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as beforeSince nearly two hundred years now，they have shown the 9._world that political i

48、ndependence and national identity can be 10._ complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language2009年改錯The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_ _between shcool lore and nursery

49、 lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_ _has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_ _The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy yea

50、rs. With the playground (4)_ _lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_ _it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_ _same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If

51、 therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_ _even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_ _hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it r

52、emains live (9)_ _after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)_ _original wording.2012PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) The passage contains TEN errorsEach indicated line contains a maximum of ONE errorIn each case, only ONE word is involvedYou should pro

53、of-read the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a L sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blan

54、k provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash / and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wallWhen a

55、natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it (3) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed. The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freelyThe argument has been going since at least the first (1) _ century

56、B.CUp to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _ the mannerThis is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _ wanted the truth to

57、be read and understoodThen in the turn of 19th (5) _ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _ gained some currency, and with it th

58、at, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _literal as possibleThis view culminated the statement of the (9) _ extreme “l(fā)iteralists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not dis

59、cussedToo often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each otherNow, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains (10)_答案部分改錯部分:1999年1. 答案：as like2. 答案：supplementing supplemented3. 答案：and or4. 答案：in on5. 答案：as while / whereas 6. 答案：刪去 for，或改成about7. 答案：刪去第一個of8. 答案

60、：half that9. 答案：if While / Although / Though10. 答案：for aPart Proofreading and Error Correction1.答案：aslike【詳細解答】as our prehistoric human ancestors意為“作為人類史前的祖先那樣”，但是 根據(jù)上下文，此處應表達的意思是“像人類史前的祖先那樣”，故應該將as改為介詞like。2.答案：supplementingsupplemented【詳細解答】本句中的分詞短語supplementing with animal foods 是定語，修飾 vegetable