M5U2 Grammar and usage 課件

1、M5 Unit 2The environment Grammar and usageVerb-ing form as an adjective or adverb蕪湖縣一中 胡雪玲Lead-inWhat did you learn about non-finite verbs?（非謂語動詞）過去分詞 (done)不定式(to do)-ing 形式 (doing)動名詞(verb-ing form as a noun)現(xiàn)在分詞(verb-ing form as an adj. or adv.and verb phrases)Non-finite verbs(非謂語動詞）To infinitive

2、 (to do)Bare infinitive (do)Unit 11.The teacher spent a lot of time _ me with my grammar.A help B to helpC helped D helping2.Your shoes are dirty. They need _badly.A wash B washedC to wash D washingReviewChoose the right answer.3.Wang lin insisted on_to work in the countryside.A be sent B sendingC b

3、eing sent D send4.Would your friend mind_a little more softly?A to speak B spokenC speaking D speak5.I dont feel like_to the movies.A go B to goC going D gone6.The shy girl doesnt like _at in public.A laughing B to laughC laughed D being laughed過去分詞 (done)不定式(to do)-ing 形式 (doing)動名詞(verb-ing form a

4、s a noun)現(xiàn)在分詞(verb-ing form as an adj. or adv.and verb phrases)Non-finite verbs(非謂語動詞）To infinitive (to do)Bare infinitive (do)Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Part 1Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb The functions of verb-ing in a sentenceVerb-ingthe attributive (定語)the predicative (表語)the object complement

5、(賓語補足語)the adverbial (狀語)P28There are many sleeping students in class. （表語）（定語）Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.The lesson is boring.（賓補）（狀語）The verb-ing form can be used as:1.the attributive (定語）It is a very _(move) film and it is well worth

6、seeing.Upon hearing the _(excite) news, they jumped with great joy.單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于形容詞，可加副詞修飾。movingexcitingThe fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems.Canada is an Englishspeaking country.有時現(xiàn)在分詞可以和副詞或名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞。The girl sitting in the corner is my best friend.=The girl _ in the

7、corner is my best friend.People _(work) in that bank are well paid.=People _ in that bank are well paid.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語放在名詞后面，與被修飾的名詞存在主動關(guān)系，意思和定語從句一樣，并且可以轉(zhuǎn)變成定語從句。who is sitting who work workingYour journey in Kenya is really exciting.What you did was _ (disappointment).The nightmare I had last night was v

8、ery_ (fright).現(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語的屬性和特征.2.the predicative (表語)disappointingfrightening3.the object complement (賓語補足語）We find the journey to Africa exciting.We should not leave water running after washing hands.He had a strange way to make his classes_ (interest).I heard someone _ (play) the violin in the

9、next room.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語通常表示賓語的屬性和特征或與賓語存在主動進行的狀態(tài).interestingplaying注意：常見的接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞或介詞：感官動詞：see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe notice,look at,listen to等。The missing boy was last seen _ (play) near the river.使役動詞: have,make,keep,find,get,leave等I heard her _ (sing) when I pass by her room yesterday.

10、（3）with /without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with + sb/sth +doing 表主動、進行，或表特征）Without anyone _ (notice), I stole into the room.playingsingingnoticing They stood talking to each other. = They stood and talked to each other.(伴隨）Verb-ing phrases時間原因結(jié)果條件方式伴隨讓步4.the adverbial (狀語）4.the adverbial (狀語）1. The poor man sat by the

11、road, begging.2. They often communicate with each other, using English.3. Not knowing English, he couldnt understand the film.4. It snowed heavily last night, causing the traffic problems today.5. Working hard, you will succeed one day6. While reading the novel, he nodded from time to time.伴隨方式原因結(jié)果條

12、件時間1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時， 其邏輯主語一般與句子的主語一致，且與主語存在主動關(guān)系。 Working hard, you will succeed one day.= If you work hard, you will succeed one day. 如果不一致，通常在分詞前加上它的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的現(xiàn)在分詞被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞一樣，在句中作狀語。 Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.= If weather permits, they will go on an

13、 outing to the beach tomorrow.Conclusion1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.2. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.Choose the correct sentence.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,用一般式

14、還是現(xiàn)在完成時，看現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的的動作和謂語所表示的動作有沒有明顯的先后順序。若現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，現(xiàn)在分詞用完成時，否則則用一般式。 Having written the letter, John went to the post office. Seeing the beautiful scene, the children felt very excited. Conclusion 語態(tài)類別 時 態(tài) vt.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing 一般式(與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生)完成式(先于謂語動詞之前發(fā)生)注意1：現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)doingbeing don

15、ehaving donehaving been done1. He hurried home, _ (look) behind as he went. 3. The large building _ (build) now is a library. 2. _ (finish) their work, they had a rest. 4. _ (show) the lab, we were taken to see the library.（一般式）（完成式）（被動語態(tài)）（被動完成式）時態(tài)和語態(tài)：lookingbeing builtHaving finished Having been sh

16、own 注意2：現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式中，否定詞not 必須放在最前面。Not knowing much English, he found it difficult to communicate with foreigners.Not having received a reply, he wrote a letter to the professor again.Group work: make sentence with verb-ing formyesterday, ride bicycle, carry, laugh, chat, all the way homeThe man rode

17、his bicycle on the street, carrying his son, laughing and chatting all the way home. Group workMickey, Mini, dance, sing, raise ones arms Mickey and Mini are dancing to themusic, singing and raising their arms.Mother Bear, carry , climb, search for foodCarrying her little baby on the back, the mothe

18、r Bear climbs up the trees, searching for some food.Earthquake, survive, hold in arms, cryHaving surviving the earthquake, the woman holds her son in arms, crying loudly.box, hit on the face , move steps, carefulThe two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.homewo

19、rk假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Peter來信詢問你所在城市的環(huán)境狀況，請你根據(jù)提示給他寫一封回信。內(nèi)容要求：（1）環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀；（2）產(chǎn)生原因；（3）解決方法。 注意：（1）詞數(shù)120左右；（2）可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫。 （3）著眼在Verb-ing的使用。 Thanks!Bye-bye!Lydia doesnt feel like _(study) abroad. _(gather) around the fire, the tourists dancing with the local people. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _(say) nothing about the argument. _(find) a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. _(give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year. The plane crashed, _(kill) al