同等學(xué)力翻譯真題

1、Translation By Zeng Rong大綱中對(duì)考生翻譯能力進(jìn)行考察的指導(dǎo)思想如下：1 能在不借助詞典的情況下，(考試環(huán)境2 把一般性題材的文章及科普文章中的材料類(lèi)型3 句子或段落. 從英語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ) 或 從漢語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)，考試題型4 能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的意思，語(yǔ)句通順，用詞根本正確，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。(評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn))5 英譯漢的速度為每小時(shí)400個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，漢譯英的速度為每小時(shí)250300個(gè)漢字。(時(shí)間要求)大綱對(duì)翻譯局部的具體要求如下：本局部包括：英譯漢和漢譯英兩節(jié)，共20分，每節(jié)10分?？荚嚂r(shí)間為30分鐘。要求譯文意思準(zhǔn)確，文字通順。A節(jié)為英譯漢。本節(jié)設(shè)三種題型，每次考試設(shè)其中的一種題型。題型

2、一：要求考生翻譯5個(gè)單句，總長(zhǎng)度為80100個(gè)英文單詞。題型二：要求考生翻譯一個(gè)段落，段落長(zhǎng)度為80100個(gè)英文單詞。題型三：在一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的段落中，有5個(gè)帶有下劃線的句子，要求考生翻譯這5個(gè)句子。5個(gè)句子的總長(zhǎng)度為80100個(gè)英文單詞。B節(jié)為漢譯英。本節(jié)設(shè)兩種題型，每次考試設(shè)其中一種題型。題型一：要求考生翻譯5個(gè)單句，總長(zhǎng)度為100120個(gè)漢字。題型二：要求考生翻譯一個(gè)段落，段落長(zhǎng)度為100120個(gè)漢字。分析：1、此局部試題符合同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)考試整個(gè)試卷的一貫風(fēng)格：題量大、時(shí)間緊。2、此局部為主觀題，可以借助多種技巧多得到可能是至關(guān)重要的幾 翻譯局部得分目標(biāo) 復(fù)習(xí)策略英譯漢：6-8分漢譯英：6-8

3、分綜合得分：1216分作文局部總分值15，考生至少可以拿到9分；所以千萬(wàn)要合理安排時(shí)間，務(wù)必保證自己能夠?qū)懲曜魑摹Ｈ绱艘粊?lái)，二卷學(xué)生最低可以拿到21分，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)超過(guò)18分的底線要求每周兩組翻譯訓(xùn)練，可以使用大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試的翻譯材料六級(jí)是只翻譯其中的句子，建議大家在練習(xí)的時(shí)候翻譯全文，在訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中把注意力放在如何得到目標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)上。翻譯的誤區(qū) 認(rèn)為翻譯就是在考察詞匯量，見(jiàn)到陌生詞匯就慌張泄氣；認(rèn)為單句容易翻譯，過(guò)于輕敵；認(rèn)為段落難譯，有畏懼心理。把個(gè)別不會(huì)翻譯的英文單詞或漢語(yǔ)詞匯直接帶入翻譯當(dāng)中：此地?zé)o銀三百兩。翻譯答題具體技巧翻譯有兩個(gè)要義：準(zhǔn)確性、表達(dá)性。其中又以準(zhǔn)確性為第一要義。翻譯訓(xùn)練的目標(biāo)分

4、為對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)：一、準(zhǔn)確；二、通順。第一個(gè)目標(biāo)：準(zhǔn)確把原文的意思翻譯準(zhǔn)確，是我們?cè)跓o(wú)論是漢譯英還是英譯漢的翻譯題目中得分首要條件。這就要求譯者必須謹(jǐn)慎地遵循作者的原意，在選詞、造句方面也要如實(shí)地表達(dá)出原文的思想。第一個(gè)目標(biāo)：表達(dá)性，其目的旨在讓讀者對(duì)譯文更加容易理解和接受?？梢园凑照Z(yǔ)言本身的習(xí)慣在不影響準(zhǔn)確性的前提下，進(jìn)行句式、結(jié)構(gòu)上的調(diào)整。翻譯訓(xùn)練就可以分為三部走：看懂原文、準(zhǔn)確翻譯、調(diào)整通順 翻譯段落 翻譯的得分要義可以濃縮為兩點(diǎn)：從整體著眼理解、從句子著手翻譯。之后的工作重點(diǎn)就是把每一個(gè)句子翻譯準(zhǔn)確，調(diào)整通順。 實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)的手段極為相似：抓住關(guān)鍵詞！對(duì)于理解整個(gè)段落而言，關(guān)鍵詞根本是“

5、名詞。找到“出鏡率最高的名詞，確定段落主題：004年英譯漢真題：Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. Piec

6、es of fine art may evoke emotional or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel that these response are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. 共86個(gè)單詞2006年在職碩士翻譯真題One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and impr

7、ovement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not-only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies

8、 and to raise their young safely. Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be harvested. by allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.有的時(shí)候我們找到的是出鏡率最高的一類(lèi)名詞，這一類(lèi)名詞也可以幫助我們確定段落主題2005年英譯漢真題Progress in communication and

9、 transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.Globalization is not Just about

10、increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: It may be

11、 either of them depending on our viewpoint.解析：Communication、transport 、boundary、 international community、 globalization、 worldwide、transnational、world 可以視作一類(lèi)單詞。通過(guò)這一類(lèi)詞可以判斷出：這篇文章一定是圍繞全球化問(wèn)題展開(kāi)的。句子著手翻譯 在同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)的考試中，如果我們能夠做到根本“準(zhǔn)確，就可以得到至少60%的分?jǐn)?shù)了。在此根底上，如果再實(shí)現(xiàn)句子通暢就完全可以得到80%甚至更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。自2004年同等學(xué)力考試中，才開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)“英譯漢的題目，從這

12、幾年的真題看來(lái)，字?jǐn)?shù)通常在8598之間，大概包括45個(gè)句子。因此，長(zhǎng)句子比較多。而長(zhǎng)句子正式翻譯中的難點(diǎn)所在。 主+謂+賓 構(gòu)成的主干定、狀、補(bǔ)構(gòu)成的血肉準(zhǔn)確地抽出句子的主干，并分析清修飾語(yǔ)在句子中的作用，是在長(zhǎng)難句的翻譯中化繁為簡(jiǎn)的關(guān)鍵。在翻譯單句、對(duì)每個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析的時(shí)候，那么要敏銳地找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，以及另一些一些關(guān)鍵單詞，它們是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的“節(jié)點(diǎn)，尤其是在長(zhǎng)、難句中，這些單詞可以幫助我們相對(duì)容易地劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)。這些“節(jié)點(diǎn)單詞包括： 一、介詞：如on, in, with, at, of, to等介詞常常引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)。06年英譯漢真題劃分原那么：介詞前后為一個(gè)整體，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。

13、One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive.One of the chief concerns of wildlife management：人們對(duì)野生動(dòng)物管理的關(guān)注點(diǎn)之一the protection and improvement of the natural habitat： 對(duì)它們自然棲息地的保護(hù)和改善二、連詞連詞分

14、為：并列連詞和附屬連詞并列連詞如and, or, but, yet, for等，連接著并列句；附屬連詞如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, such. that .等等，連接狀語(yǔ)從句這些詞可以幫助我們把長(zhǎng)句子在合理的地方斷開(kāi)，變成2個(gè)或多個(gè)短句，便于理清結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行翻譯。05年英譯漢真題The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place w

15、ithout impacting on the International community.22個(gè)單詞1、主干是：The world is now linked ：如今，整個(gè)世界被連接在一起2、to such an extent ：該短語(yǔ)的意思是“到了程度3、到了什么樣的程度呢？由that引導(dǎo)出：a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.注意在that引導(dǎo)的從句中仍然包含自己的主干：a local happening cannot take place ：局部事件

16、不可能發(fā)生4、without引出后面的條件：impacting on the International community.直譯：a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.就是：不影響國(guó)際社會(huì)局部事件就不可能發(fā)生。5、讓句子通順，符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，就成了： 如今，整個(gè)世界被連接在一起到了這樣的程度局部事件的發(fā)生不可能不影響國(guó)際社會(huì)。 06年英譯漢真題One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the pro

17、tection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive.27個(gè)單詞這顯然是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子。根據(jù)上面所講的，找到了“so that這個(gè)連詞，那么它作為句子的“節(jié)點(diǎn)，就把整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子分成了兩句話：1、One of concerns of is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat.2、animals have enough food and water to survive.這樣翻譯起來(lái)，就

18、不會(huì)覺(jué)得句子繁瑣無(wú)從下手了。并且根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，我們完全可以把這句話翻譯成兩個(gè)短句：1、人們對(duì)野生動(dòng)物管理的關(guān)注點(diǎn)之一是如何保護(hù)和改善它們的自然棲息地。2、對(duì)自然棲息的保護(hù)和改善能夠?yàn)樗鼈兲峁┳阋怨┢渖娴氖澄锖退?。也可以翻譯成：人們對(duì)野生動(dòng)物管理的關(guān)注點(diǎn)之一是如何保護(hù)和改善它們的自然棲息地，以便這些棲息地能夠?yàn)橐吧鷦?dòng)物提供足以供其生存的食物和水。 三、關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞包括：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞包括：when在什么時(shí)候, where在哪兒, how通過(guò)手段, why因?yàn)樵虻?/p>

19、。紅色標(biāo)出為“隱藏的介詞作用：關(guān)系代詞可以連接定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，修飾主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞可以連接狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于副詞短語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。另外關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞都可以連接名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，在句子中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)。1997年考研真題This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “l(fā)ogical. In fact it is simply shallow: the conf

20、used centre is right to reject it.劃線局部為which引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作為the view的同位語(yǔ)，告訴讀者the view的內(nèi)容。翻譯成：這種“認(rèn)為從道德上來(lái)講，折磨一只猴子跟砍柴是一樣的觀點(diǎn)。全句直譯：這種“認(rèn)為從道德上來(lái)講，折磨一只猴子跟砍柴是一樣的觀點(diǎn)可能顯得既大膽又有邏輯，實(shí)際上卻是再淺薄不過(guò)：其混亂的中心思想正好說(shuō)明它不攻自破。This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “l(fā)ogica

21、l. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it.我們可以調(diào)整譯文中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，讓它顯得不是那么長(zhǎng)：這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為：從道德上來(lái)講，折磨一只猴子跟砍柴是一樣的，這種想法可能顯得既大膽又有邏輯，實(shí)際上卻是再淺薄不過(guò)：其混亂的中心思想正好說(shuō)明它不攻自破。四、不定式to：不定式常常構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，可以翻譯成：“以 “以便于 “為了 “其目的是2006年真題Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and t

22、o raise their young safely. 目的狀語(yǔ) 譯文：動(dòng)物們需要遮蔽物以躲避天敵并能平安地?fù)嵊鬃小?004年真題：Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used.區(qū)分藝術(shù)作品的另一種方法是看創(chuàng)作目的是為了欣賞還是為了使用。五、分詞：它們都可以構(gòu)成分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等修飾語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞有可能包含的語(yǔ)法含義：過(guò)去時(shí)、被動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在分詞有可能包含的語(yǔ)法含義：進(jìn)行時(shí)、

23、主動(dòng)。1999年考研真題 Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. 由于受到自己的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)限制，每一代歷史學(xué)家都要重新判斷對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)去重要的歷史。 把握“節(jié)點(diǎn)單詞的同時(shí)，在分析句子的時(shí)候還要把握兩個(gè)原那么：1. 任何一個(gè)不存在并列結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中都只能有一個(gè)“真動(dòng)詞，再有其它動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的話，一定是在從句里或者是to不定式中，或者是現(xiàn)在分詞或者過(guò)去分詞的形式，一定是附屬成分。2.

24、從句也是句子，亦是“主、謂賓齊全。Thosewho love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable), 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)(for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.分析：這個(gè)句子中的動(dòng)詞有：love、feel、are、expand這個(gè)句子不存在并列結(jié)構(gòu)，因此主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)。Who 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，主謂賓齊全：Those Who love the fine arts. 那些熱愛(ài)美術(shù)的人們主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)Feel( 主干句

25、中的“真動(dòng)詞) 感覺(jué)到That 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，主謂齊全that these responses are very valuable, 這些反響彌足珍貴 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 謂語(yǔ)For 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，主謂賓齊全for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 因?yàn)檫@些感覺(jué)能夠使我們對(duì)生活本身的豐富多彩有更多的認(rèn)識(shí)。句子分析This intuition that looks matter little may be another instance of our denying real in

26、fluences upon us，for there is now a file drawer full of research studies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction.This intuition that looks matter little may be another instanceof our denying real influences upon us，for there is now a file drawer full of research st

27、udies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction.3、定語(yǔ)從句，of短語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)后置于所修飾詞的前面：例1：This intuition that looks matter little 這種認(rèn)為外貌并不重要的直覺(jué)行為例2：another instanceof our denying real influences upon us， 我們否認(rèn)對(duì)我們真正有影響的事物的又一個(gè)例子注意：for there is now a file drawer full of research stu

28、dies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction.直譯：因?yàn)檫@里有說(shuō)明了外表是最初是否引人注意的重要決定因素的大量的、研究調(diào)查結(jié)果。此句的直譯顯然不符合漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，因此要對(duì)其漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)調(diào)整：因?yàn)橛写罅康恼{(diào)查研究的結(jié)果說(shuō)明，外表是最初是否引人注意的重要決定因素。In America, plans by the government to allow government agencies and intelligence services easy Access to telep

29、hone conversations and electronic mail have caused considerable concern.plans by the government ：由政府做出的to allow government agencies and intelligence services easy Access to telephone conversations and electronic mail這是由to引導(dǎo)出的不定式短語(yǔ)，用來(lái)解釋plans的內(nèi)容：譯成：允許政府部門(mén)和情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)方便地監(jiān)聽(tīng) 和電子郵件全句譯成：在美國(guó)，由政府做出的政府允許政府部門(mén)和情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)方便地

30、監(jiān)聽(tīng) 和電子郵件的方案引起了相當(dāng)?shù)牟话?。落筆翻譯時(shí)候應(yīng)遵循的原那么：英譯漢：一、定語(yǔ)的翻譯原那么：在英語(yǔ)中，除了簡(jiǎn)單的形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，放置于被修飾詞之前外，其它的包括從句、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等都放在被修飾詞之后。而漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)一般在所修飾的名詞之前。1. Thosewho love the fine arts括號(hào)局部為定語(yǔ)從句，放在被限定詞those之后翻譯過(guò)來(lái)應(yīng)該是：那些熱愛(ài)美術(shù)的人2. our awareness of the great richness of life itself.我們對(duì)于生活本身的豐富多彩性的認(rèn)識(shí)如果英語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句過(guò)于復(fù)雜，我們?cè)诜g成漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，就可以將這個(gè)從句獨(dú)

31、立譯成一句話，并將其放在所修飾的名詞之后 二、狀語(yǔ)的翻譯原那么：簡(jiǎn)短的狀語(yǔ)可以放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞前面；復(fù)雜的狀語(yǔ)從句可以安排在整個(gè)句子主干的前面或者后面；The president, in giving to his most powerful and most distinguished rival the greatest place which a president has in his power to bestow, gave an excellent proof of the nobleness of his own spirit.譯文：那位總統(tǒng)把自己的權(quán)力所能授予的職位，給予了他

32、的最有勢(shì)力、而又最為卓越的敵手。這便是他的崇高精神的最好證據(jù)。原句中狀語(yǔ)局部很長(zhǎng)，因此按原句結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯會(huì)使譯文很費(fèi)解。按照句子邏輯意義，將句子從gave處分開(kāi)，作為兩個(gè)句子處理，中間加上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~聯(lián)系兩句。三、被動(dòng)句式的翻譯原那么：在英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)句使用很多，而漢語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)句那么使用很多，所以翻譯的時(shí)候可以少用“被字句，用別的詞來(lái)代替“被字或者轉(zhuǎn)化成主動(dòng)句等等。 It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China. 人們普遍

33、認(rèn)為香港回歸后會(huì)繼續(xù)保持繁榮和穩(wěn)定。總結(jié)和歸納：英語(yǔ)中，句子的順序通常是先主句后從句，而漢語(yǔ)句子那么是恰恰相反，先從句后主句。英語(yǔ)中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般放在句子后部，而在漢語(yǔ)中通常時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在句首。因此，我們?cè)谧鲇⒆g漢的題目的時(shí)候，就可以采用所謂的“倒譯法。We are self-destructive when we envy a student who gets better grades.譯文：當(dāng)我們嫉妒一個(gè)成績(jī)更好的學(xué)生時(shí)，我們正在自我詆毀。規(guī)律：英語(yǔ)中，邏輯順序通常是：結(jié)果在先，原因在后；推論在先，條件在后；事實(shí)在先，讓步在后。漢語(yǔ)那么相反：先因后果，先條件后推論，先讓步后轉(zhuǎn)折。因此，翻譯

34、時(shí)應(yīng)注意按照漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣調(diào)整語(yǔ)序 In August1974，the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on the condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.譯文：1974年8月研究所接到指示說(shuō)，如果研究成果能有助于市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)，那么研究工作可繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。原文中有on the condition that引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，因此將該局部提前。條件狀語(yǔ)從句中which指代the research。漢譯英1理解原文。2確定語(yǔ)法。3

35、表達(dá)地道。 具體技巧 同等學(xué)歷13年翻譯真題By Zeng Rong在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代，任何人想要在社會(huì)上起到所希望起的作用，必須接受必要的教育。隨著科學(xué)的進(jìn)步，在中小學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)了越來(lái)越多的課程。與過(guò)去的教育相比，現(xiàn)代教育更重視實(shí)用性。(1994年真題)In our times，anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary educationWith the development of science，more courses are offered in pri

36、mary schools and middle schoolsCompared with the old education，modem education places its stress on practicality當(dāng)前最重要的任務(wù)是開(kāi)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)、提高人民生活水平。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我們必須改革舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，以便進(jìn)一步解放生產(chǎn)力。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)向世界敞開(kāi)大門(mén)，以便學(xué)習(xí)其他國(guó)家先進(jìn)的科學(xué)和技術(shù)。只要我們堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放政策，就一定能把我國(guó)建設(shè)成強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。(1995年真題)At present the most important task is to develop national e

37、conomy, and to improve the living standardsIn order to realize this goal，we must reform the old economic system so as to further free the productivityWe should open our door to the outside world in order to learn the advanced science and technology from other countriesSo long as we adhere to the ref

38、orm and open policy, we will be able to build our country into a strong socialist country在過(guò)去的幾十年里，可能沒(méi)有任何話題比領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)更受到管理研究者的關(guān)注，在管理人員的培訓(xùn)和開(kāi)發(fā)方面，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)也是最熱鬧的話題之一。這說(shuō)明專業(yè)管理人員對(duì)探索卓有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)的奧秘很感興趣。(1996年真題 )Over the past few decades，perhaps no topic has drawn more attention from management researchers than the art

39、of leadershipIt is also one of the hottest topics in the management training and development，which shows that professional management are interested in discovering the secrets to effective leadership亞裔美國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)作出了杰出的奉獻(xiàn),這些奉獻(xiàn)包括諸如自然科學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、法律、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，由于亞裔移民的祖籍國(guó)家具有豐富多樣的傳統(tǒng)，他們大大促進(jìn)了美國(guó)文化的開(kāi)展，提高了全美國(guó)人民的生活水平。(199

40、7年真題) Americans of Asian descent have made outstanding contributions to the United SatesThese contributions cover various fields such as natural science，medicine，law，literature，art etcAs the native countries of Asian immigrants have rich and colorful traditions，they have greatly promoted the America

41、n culture，and improved the living standards of the whole America環(huán)境科學(xué)家們說(shuō),如果要使地球繼續(xù)供養(yǎng)人類(lèi)生存，保護(hù)野生生物是極為重要的。這些專家說(shuō)我們必須明白在我們的這個(gè)環(huán)境供養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)中，我們自己與野生動(dòng)植物之間的重要聯(lián)系。他們指出，沒(méi)有人有把握地知道這些動(dòng)植物中的哪一種將來(lái)可能對(duì)我們有用。(1998年真題 )The environmentalists said that if we wanted the earth to continue to support the human beings，it is extremely im

42、portant to protect the wild lifeThese experts went on to say that we must understand the important relations between the human beings and wild animals and plants in our environmental supporting systemThey pointed out that nobody knows for sure which kind of animal or plant would be useful for us in

43、the future 別人吸煙，你吸入，確實(shí)會(huì)對(duì)你的肺有危害。據(jù)美國(guó)“肺協(xié)估計(jì)，每年約有3000名死于肺癌的人被動(dòng)吸煙者。有一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，不吸煙的婦女，如果在吸煙的家庭環(huán)境中生活40年或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危險(xiǎn)。(1999年真題 )It surely does harm to your lungs if other people smoke and you breathe it inAccording to the anticipation of American Lung Association，each year about 3，000 people who die of lu

44、ng cancer are passive smokersAn investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung Cancer文化是不同國(guó)家的人們互相理解的最正確媒體。通過(guò)舉辦文化節(jié)，許多中國(guó)城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已經(jīng)證明，對(duì)促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民和世界其他地方人民之前的交流來(lái)說(shuō)，這是最好的途徑之一。這種交流不僅僅限于文化方. (2000年

45、真題)Culture is the best medium for different people of different countries to understand each other Through holding cultural festivals，many cities in China have become better known to the world. It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the Chinese people an

46、d people from other parts of the worldThe exchange has not only been confined to culture but extended to the economic and other fields過(guò)去50年其實(shí)并不是創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)新的黃金時(shí)期。從1900年到1950年，改變?nèi)祟?lèi)生活的創(chuàng)造有汽車(chē)、飛機(jī)、 、收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)當(dāng)然還有核武器和計(jì)算機(jī)。而近50年來(lái)，只有為數(shù)不多的創(chuàng)造。難道創(chuàng)造的源泉已經(jīng)枯竭了嗎？答案并非如此。事實(shí)上，創(chuàng)造的新時(shí)代剛剛開(kāi)始。(2001年真題 )Actually the last fifty years was

47、 not the golden age of invention and innovationFrom l900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such inventions as cars，airplanes，telephones，radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer of courseIn the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been madeHas the w

48、ellspring of invention been drying up? Not likelyIndeed，a new age of invention is just beginning 在過(guò)去20年中,世界上沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的外貿(mào)開(kāi)展速度像中國(guó)那么快。日本用了20多年時(shí)間才將其外貿(mào)總額翻了一番，而中國(guó)卻翻了兩番。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在已是全球第三大電器生產(chǎn)國(guó)，并且正在成為全球電器市場(chǎng)上的主角。中國(guó)還是世界上勞動(dòng)密集型labor-intensive產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)國(guó)。(2002年真題 )Over the past 20 years，no country in the world has expanded

49、 its foreign trade as fast as ChinaJapan spent twenty years in doubling its total foreign trade，while China spent the same amount of time in increasing its foreign trade by three timesChina has become the third largest producer of electric appliances in the world，and has played a main role in the in

50、ternational market of electric appliancesChina has become a major producer of labor-intensive products in the world 為了成功舉辦2021年奧運(yùn)會(huì)，北京方案投人230億美元用于根底設(shè)施建設(shè)。據(jù)說(shuō)一些外國(guó)公司已經(jīng)注意到了這些商機(jī)。美國(guó)的一些公司打算在電信和信息技術(shù)方面提供產(chǎn)品和效勞。英國(guó)的一些公司也正在圍繞北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)尋求商機(jī)，他們?cè)噲D找到自己有優(yōu)勢(shì)的領(lǐng)域，如不污染環(huán)境的建筑技術(shù)等。(2003年真題 )In order to hold the 2021 0lympic Games su

51、ccessfully, Beijing plans to invest 23 billion US dollars in the construction of basic facilitiesIt is reported that some foreign companies have noticed these business opportunitiesSome American companies plan to provide products and service in the areas of telecommunication and information technolo

52、gySome British companies are also seeking business opportunities from Beijing Olympic GamesThey are trying to find the areas where UK has advantages，such as the architectural technology which will not pollute the environmentSection AAnother kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is

53、whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. Pieces of fine art may evoke emotional or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel

54、that these response are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.(2004年真題 )區(qū)分藝術(shù)作品的另一種方法是看創(chuàng)作目的是為了欣賞還是為了實(shí)用。好的藝術(shù)品，如繪畫(huà)和雕塑，它們的創(chuàng)作涉及在抽象層面上欣賞和體驗(yàn)功能。美術(shù)作品會(huì)在我們心中激起情感或精神方面的共鳴。熱愛(ài)藝術(shù)的人認(rèn)為這種感受很珍貴，因?yàn)檫@種感受增強(qiáng)了我們對(duì)豐富多彩的生活的本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)。Section B在17和18世紀(jì)，中國(guó)的藝術(shù)、建筑學(xué)以及哲學(xué)，在西方很受欣賞。除此之外，中國(guó)的絲綢、茶和瓷器

55、porcelain在西方也備受歡送，并在一定程度上改變了許多西方人的生活方式。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)后期，西方人再一次轉(zhuǎn)向中國(guó)文化。他們除了喜愛(ài)中國(guó)菜肴外，還學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，嘗試中醫(yī)藥，觀看功夫電影。In the l7th and l 8th centuriesChinese artarchitecture and philosophy were very much admired in the WestIn addition，Chinese silk，tea dn porcelain were in great demand and transformed to a certain extent many

56、peoples way of life in the WestSince the late 20th century, people of the West have turned again to Chinese cultureApart from their love of Chinese foodthey are learning the Chinese language，trying Chinese medicine，practicing Chinese martial arts，and watching Chinese Kongfu films 第一局部 英譯漢(2005年真題 )P

57、rogress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community. Glo

58、balization is not Just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, It entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither pos

59、itive nor negative: It may be either of them depending on our viewpoint. 20世紀(jì)交通和運(yùn)輸方面取得的成就使得我們能夠克服地理界限,徹底改革我們的生活方式?，F(xiàn)在，整個(gè)世界被連接在一起到了這樣的程度局部事件的發(fā)生不可能不影響國(guó)際社會(huì)。全球化不只是在增進(jìn)全世界信息與思想的交流。從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，它促進(jìn)了跨國(guó)投資以及國(guó)際貿(mào)易的開(kāi)展，從而把所有的國(guó)家連接成一個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)。在文化方面，全球化本身既不積極，也不消極它可能是其中的任何一種，這取決于我們的觀點(diǎn)。第二局部 漢譯英隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛開(kāi)展、人民生活水平的提高和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)的改善,我國(guó)老年人口明顯增多。不少人對(duì)此憂心忡忡,但有識(shí)之士指出,我們不僅要看到人口老齡化所帶來(lái)的巨大壓力,也要看到人口老齡化背后所蘊(yùn)涵的商機(jī)以及老年人豐富的智力、經(jīng)驗(yàn)等資源,要將壓力變?yōu)闄C(jī)遇。With the rapid development of our societys economy, the enhancement of peoples living standard and the improvement of medical treatment, the number of old people in our country has increased grea