動詞的語態(tài)(Voice)知識點.

1、動詞的語態(tài) （Voice） 知識點II語態(tài)概述II主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者， 而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。Everybody likes Mr.Smith. 大家都喜歡史密斯先生。 （主動 ）Mr.Smith is liked by everybody. 史密斯先生受到大家的喜歡。 （ 被動）注意，在動詞時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是與主動語態(tài)中的時態(tài)一致的：be done例如 : to keep時態(tài) / 動詞 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時keeps is kept現(xiàn)在進行時is keeping is being keptkept was kept過去進行時was keeping was

2、 being kept現(xiàn)在完成時have kept have been kept過去完成時had kept had been keptwill keep will be kept虛擬語氣 would keep would be kept虛擬語氣的過去時 would have kept would have been kept不定式 to keep to be kept完成不定式to have kept to have been kept動名詞 keeping being kept完成式分詞 having kept having been kept例句 :主動 : I keep the butt

3、er in the fridge.被動 : The butter is kept in the fridge(by me).主動 : They stole the painting.被動 : The painting was stolen.主動 : They are repairing the road.被動 : The road is being repaired.主動 : Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.被動 : Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.主動 : A dog bit him.被動 : He was bitten by a dog

4、.注意： 1)感官動詞主動語態(tài)的賓語補足語是不帶 to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加 to 。老師逼我走出教例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.室。- I was made to go out of the classroom ( by the teacher )We saw him play football on the playground.我們看見他在草場踢球。- He was seen to play football on the playground.2 )情態(tài)動詞 + be + 過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如：

5、Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture andindustry. 煤可以產(chǎn)生工農(nóng)業(yè)需要的電。1. 被動語態(tài)的用法英文中的被動語態(tài)由動詞 to be 的相應(yīng)時態(tài)+ 動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成:主語 to be 過去分詞The house was built .例如 : to clean主語 to be 過去分詞 TOC o 1-5 h z 一般現(xiàn)在時:The houseiscleaned every day.一般進行時:The houseis beingcleaned at the moment.一般過去時:The housewas

6、cleaned yesterday.過去進行時:The housewas beingcleaned last week. TOC o 1-5 h z 現(xiàn)在完成時:The househas beencleaned since you left.過去完成時:The househad beencleaned before their arrival.一般將來時:The housewill becleaned next week.將來進行時:The housewill be beingcleaned tomorrow.虛擬語氣 :The housewould becleaned if they had

7、 visitors.虛擬語氣的過去時 :The housewould have beencleaned if it had been dirty.注意 : to be born 通常用過去時態(tài)表示被動I was born in 1976. When were you born?BUT: Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.不定式形式: to be 的相應(yīng)時態(tài)+ 過去分詞 : (to) be cleaned這種形式通常用于情態(tài)動詞后面，別的動詞通常跟著不定式 , 例如You have to be tested on you

8、r English grammarJohn might be promoted next year.She wants to be invited to the party.動名詞形式: being + 過去分詞 : being cleaned例如 :Most film stars hate being interviewed.I remember being taught to drive.The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.注意：有的時候被動語態(tài)用“ get”而不是“to be ”：He got arrested fo

9、r dangerous driving.Theyre getting married later this year.Im not sure how the window got broken.語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 2.1 let 的用法) 當 let 后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞， 變被動語態(tài)時， 可用不帶 to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go. 他們放陌生人走了。- The strange was let go.2)當let 后賓補較長時， let 通常不用被動語態(tài)，而用 allow或 permit 代替。例如：The nurse let me go to see my cl

10、assmate in the hospital.那護士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in thehospital.2.2 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶 照顧。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞 所未聞。3. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況） 不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語，如 appear, die disappear,

11、end（ vi. 結(jié)束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等沒有被動語態(tài)。例如：After the fire, very little remained of my house.大火過后，我家燒得所剩無幾。比較： rise, fall, happen 是不及物動詞； raise, seat 是 及物動詞。The price has been risen.（對）The pric

12、e has risen.（錯） The accident was happened last week.（對）The accident happened last week.（錯）The price hasraised.（對）The price hasbeen raised.（錯）Please seat.（對）Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語，如 fit, have, hold,marry, own, wish, c

13、ost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at /等。例如：這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你 說的與我們聽說的一致。) 系動詞無被動語態(tài)， 如 appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, ke

14、ep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。例如： It sounds good. 聽上去不錯。) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞如 die/death, dream/dream ， live/life 等， 以及反身代詞， 相互代詞， 不能用于被動語態(tài)。 例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個惡夢。) 當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如：She likes to swim.To swim is liked by her.4. 主動形式表示被動意義1 ) wash, clea

15、n, cook, iron,look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel,draw, write 等。例如：The book sells well.這本書銷路好。This knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用。2） blame, let （出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：I was to blame forthe accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責。Much work remains.還有許多活要干。, deserve 后的在 need, require, want, worth動名詞必須用主動形式。例如：The

16、door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.門該修了。This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)： make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見 / 理 解自己）等。例如：Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。被動形式表示主動意義被動形式表示主動意義，如 be determined, be pleased, begraduated （from ） , be prepared （for

17、 ） , be occupied （ in ）get married 等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb.均可。例如：He married a rich girl.他與一個富妞結(jié)婚了。He got married to a rich girl.常用經(jīng)典被動句型表示declare,表示 據(jù)說 或相信 的詞組基本上由 believe, consider, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppos

18、e, think, understand 等組成。例如：It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that 大家認為It is suggested that 據(jù)建議It is taken granted that被視為當然It has been decided that大家決定It must be remember that 務(wù)必記住的是get/have something donege

19、t/have something done 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動的意思，表示我們需要別人幫我們完成的事情：例如 :I must get / have my hair cut.When are you going to get that window mended?Were having the house painted.如果動詞表示的是不愿發(fā)生的動作，則與被動句型表示同樣的意思Jim had his car stolen last night. (= Jims car was stolen)They had their roof blown off in the storm. (= Their r

20、oof was blown off in the storm)這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來表達一個動作的完成，尤其當含有時間表述時 :Well get the work done as soon as possible.Ill get those letters typed before lunchtime.在這些句子中， 我們對事情的結(jié)果更感興趣， 而不是做這件事情的人或物體 .something needs doing同樣，這個結(jié)構(gòu)也表示被動意思 . 例如The ceiling needs painting (= the ceiling needs to bepainted)My hair needs

21、 cutting (= my hair needs to be cut)It is a painting to be appreciated, insteadofborrowed.bebeingto beto be being( 答案： C)解析：C接連不定式要加to,該處為被動語態(tài)。Lots of the money in the last few years.is wastedare wastedhas been wastedhave been wasted( 答案： C)解析 : C some of ， plenty of ， a lot of, lots of ， most of ，

22、the rest of 等短語作主語時，謂語動詞常與 of 后的名詞保持一致。再由 in the last few years 可知應(yīng)該用過去完成時。-What happened to the saleswoman?-We dont know. Shearound here for a while.(A) hasnt seenhasnt been seendidnt seehasnt been seeing( 答案：B)解析：B根據(jù)時態(tài)for a while知應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，又據(jù)意思，我們沒有見她, 她應(yīng)是被看到。Visitorsnot to touch the exhibits.will r

23、equestrequestare requestingare requested( 答案： D)解析：選 D 參觀者被告知不要觸碰展品。是被動關(guān)系。所以選 D.Mrs.Green wants to buy that kind of cloth becauseshethat the clothvery well.has been told; washedhas told; washeshas been told; is washedis told; is washed( 答案： A)解析 答案 A wash well 好洗，容易洗。表示某物體狀態(tài)的動詞是不及物動詞。 一些及物動詞也可充當不及物動詞表示某一種狀態(tài)， 在動詞后常用 well 好， easily break 易