2018屆中考英語復習題型五任務型閱讀理解備考含解析

1、題型五任務型閱讀理解話題1事物介紹Passage12017鄂州改編Bambooisoneofthenaturesmostsurprisingplants.Manypeoplecallthisplantatree,butitisakindofgrass.toLikeotherkindsofgrass,abambooplantmaybecutverylowtheground.butitwillgrowbackveryquickly.AJapanesescientistrecordedonebambooplantthatgrewalmost15metersin24hours!Bamboogrowsa

2、lmosteverywhereintheworldexceptEurope.Therearemorethan1,000kindsofbamboothatgrowaroundtheworldonbothmountainsandplains(平原).Notallbamboolooksthesame.Somebambooplantsareverythin.Theymayonlygrowtobeafewcentimeterswidewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross.Thisplantalsocomesindifferentcolors,fr

3、omyellowtoblacktogreen.(ManyAsiancountrieshavebeenusingbambooforhundredsofyears.Theyoftenusebambooforbuildingnewbuildings.Asamatteroffact,thecables繩索)thatholdupthehangingbridgeacrosstheMinRiverinSichuanaremadeofbamboo.Thebridgehasbeeninuseformorethan1,000years,andisstillholdingstrong.InAfrica,engine

4、ersareteachingpoorfarmershowtousebambootofindwater.TheseAfricancountriesneedcheapwaystofindwaterbecausetheyhavenomoney,andtheirfieldsoftendiefromnorainandnowater.Itseemsthatbambooisoneofthebestthingstheycanuse.Bamboopipesanddrills(鉆)canhelptomakethepoorthirstyfieldsbewatered.1.將文中處畫線句子改為同義句。_2.文中處畫線

5、句子翻譯成漢語。_3.寫出文中畫線處“they”指代的內容。_4.將文中處畫線句子改為復合句。_5.Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?_Passage22017陜西改編FriendshipDayisagreatdayforcelebratingfriendship.ItfallsonthefirstSundayofAugusteveryyear.CelebratingthefestivalwasfirstlystartedbytheUSin1935.ButnowthisdoesntonlyhappenintheUS.Peopleinothercountrie

6、sareinterestedinit,too.Theideaofspendingthedaywithfriendswasspreadallovertheworld.Withmoreandmorecountriesjoininginthecelebrations,FriendshipDaysoonbecameaninternationalfestival.Between1935and1997,FriendshipDaydidnthaveasymbol(象征),likeSantaClausforChristmas.However,in1997,theUnitedNationsnamedWinnie

7、thePoohastheworldsAmbassador(大使)ofFriendship.(Thetraditionalcelebrationsincludeactivitiessuchasmeetingwithfriendsandexchanging交換)cards,flowersandgifts.people,have,with,some,may,parties,friends,their(.)Somemayhavelunchordinnertogether.Othersmayhangoutorgotothemovieswithfriendsonthisspecialday.Thesear

8、epopularamongallagegroupsfromteenagerstooldpeople.AlthoughFriendshipDayanditscelebrationsmayhavechangedovertheyears,thebasicideabehindthefestivalremainsthesame.Peopleenjoythemomenttheyspendtogetherandexpressloveandcarefortheirfriends.1.寫出文中處畫線代詞所指內容。_2.將文中處畫線句子翻譯成漢語。_3.將文中處畫線內容連詞成句。（標點符號已在括號內給出）_4.W

9、hatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytellus?_5.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthefestival?_Passage3HeavysmoghasbeencoveringmanycitiesinnorthernChina.Ithascausedthegovernmenttoinventthemistcannon(水霧大炮).Themistcannoncanbeusedtofightwithpollution.(“Themistcannonisalargemachine.Itisfixedonatruckthatsprays噴灑)watermis

10、t.Itisnotwell-known,butgainpopularity.Theywerefirstlyusedatbuildinghousestoreducedust.Butengineershaveimprovedthemachines.Theywanttomakethemsendoffdropsofmist.Itisnowforfightingairborneparticles(大氣塵埃)andprotectingtheenvironment,”saidXuYuexin,anengineerwithBeijingCapitalGroupBoom-soundEnvironmentScie

11、nce&TechnologyCoLtd.Itprovidesthemistcannonserviceinpartsofthecapital.(“Thetruckworksbysprayingwatermist.Thentheycouldcombinewiththedustandsmallparticlestofalltotheground,”Xusaid.Expertshavefoundtheyreeffective,buthavetheirlimits.Theyareonlyoneofthemeasuresbeingtaken.However,reducingemissions排放)isst

12、illthebestwaytocontrolairpollutionforthelongerterm.Thegovernmentshouldpaymoreattentiontomeasurestocutemissions.Asforpeople,weshouldalsodoourpartinprotectingtheenvironment.Forexample,wecantakeabustoschoolorworkinsteadofdrivingacar.1.寫出文中處畫線代詞所指內容。_2.文中處畫線句子有一處錯誤，改正并抄寫。_3.將文中處畫線句子翻譯成漢語。_4.Wherewerethe

13、mistcannonsfirstlyusedtoreducedust?_5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?_話題2學校生活Passage42017綏化改編Ladiesandgentlemen,Thankyouforcomingtodayto_thegraduationceremonyatNo.3JuniorHighSchool.Firstofall,Idliketocongratulateallthestudentswhoareheretoday.IremembermeetingallofyouwhenyouwerejuststartingGrade7atthi

14、sschool.Youwereallsofullofenergyandthirstyforknowledge.Andyes,someofyouwerealittledifficulttodealwith!ButtodayIseearoomfulloftalentedyoungadultswhoarefullofhopeforthefuture.YouveallgrownupsomuchandImsoproudofyou.Althoughyouveallworkedveryhardoverthelastthreeyears,noneofyoudiditalone.Ihopeyoullrememb

15、ertheimportantpeopleinyourliveswhohelpedandsupportedyouyourparents,yourteachersandyourfriends.Pleaseconsiderwhattheyvedoneforyouandwhattheymeantoyou.Neverfailtobethankfultothepeoplearoundyou.Lastly,theendofjuniorhighschoolisthebeginningofanewlife.Idontneedtotellyouthatlifeinseniorhighschoolwillbehar

16、derandthatyouhavemanydifficulttasksaheadofyou.Youllmakemistakesalongtheway,butthekeyistolearnfromyourmistakesandnevergiveup.Butalongwithdifficulties,therewillalsobemanyexcitingthingswaitingforyou.Behindeachdooryouopenarechancestolearnnewthings,andyouhavetheabilitytomakeyourownchoices.Choosewiselyand

17、beresponsibleforyourdecisionsandactions.Althoughyouhavetogoyourseparatewaysnow,Ihopethatinafewyearstime,youllcomebacktovisitourschool.Asyousetoutonyournewjourney,youshouldntforgetwhereyoucamefrom.Thefutureisyours.Goodluckandhopetoseeyouagainsometimesoon!1.根據(jù)短文內容在文中處填入恰當?shù)脑~。_2.將文中處畫線句子改為同義句。_3.將文中處畫線句

18、子翻譯成漢語。_4.Whatwillthelifeinseniorhighschoolbelike?_5.Whywillyoucomebacktovisityourschoolaftergraduation?_話題3咨詢建議Passage5Lookaroundandyoullseepeoplearebusyontheirsmartphones.Smartphonesdomakeourliveseasierthanbefore.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutwhattheymeantoyoureyes?(Accordingtoastudy,halfofBritishpeop

19、leownsmartphonesandtheyspendanaverage平均)oftwohoursadayusingthem.Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheU.K.whoareshortsightedaftersmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997.Lookingatsmartphonesforalongtimegiveyoudryeyes.Whenlookingatsomethinginthedistance,youreyesautomatically(自動)blinkacertainnum

20、beroftimes.However,whenyoulookatthingsclosertoyourface,theblinkingslowsdown.Thiscausesdiscomfortinyoureyes.Anotherbadhabitisusingsmartphonesindarkroomsbeforegoingtosleep.Ifyoulookatabrightscreenwhenyourpupils(瞳孔)becomelarger,toomuchlightentersyoureyes.Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglau

21、coma(青光眼).Whileyoureprobablynotgoingtostopusingyoursmartphones,thereareafewthingsyoucandotoprotectyoureyes.Holdyourphoneatleast30centimetersawayfromyoureyeswhenusingit.Takeabreakeveryhourandtrythefollowing:lookatsomethingatleastfivemetersawayfromyouandthentrytolookatyournose.Repeatthisseveraltimes.I

22、tshouldmakeyoureyesmorecomfortable.Sopleaseremembertouseyoursmartphonesinaproperway.1.寫出文中處畫線代詞所指內容。_2.文中處畫線句子有一處錯誤，改正并抄寫。_3.將文中處畫線句子翻譯成漢語。_4.WhenweresmartphonesintroducedtotheU.K.?_5.Whathappenswhenyourpupilsbecomelarger?_話題4熱點信息Passage6瑜Thesedays,anewkindofexercisehassweptShanghai.Around100peopleh

23、avepracticedyoga(伽)withtheirdogsinPudongNewAreasincelastJune,whichwasthecitysfirstDogaclass.Dogameans“yogawithdogs”.ThepracticefirststartedintheUSA11yearsago.IntheTokyoPetShow2006inChiba（intheeastofTokyo）onMarch31st,2006,about20,000peoplevisitedthecountryslargestpetmarketwhileenjoyingDoga.AndinBrita

24、in,Dogaismorepoplararoundthecountry.InaDogaclass,petownerstaketheirdogswiththem.Thedogsandtheirownersworkasoneunit.Whentheownersdoasittingpose(姿勢),thedogswillliedowninfrontofthemandmaybespread(outtheirbody.Whentheownersdoastandingpose,theywillholdtheirlittlepetsintheirarms.Aftertheownersaredonewitht

25、heirownlessons,theywillgivetheirdogsmassages按摩)andmakethemrelaxed.Dogaisnotonlygoodforthehealthofbothhumansanddogs,_improvesrelationshipsbetweenownersanddogs.Athome,somedogsoftengrowl(吼叫).ButatDogaclasses,theyrelaxandseemtounderstandtheirowners.Theybehavebetterwhendoingyoga.1.寫出文中處畫線代詞所指內容。_2.將文中處畫線

26、句子翻譯成漢語。_3.在文中處填入恰當?shù)脑~。_4.WheredidthefirstDogaclasstakeplaceinShanghai?_5.Howmanycountriesarementionedinthepassage?_Passage1【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了竹子這種植物。文章具體談到了竹子的生長特點以及它對亞洲和非洲人們的用處。1.Althoughmanypeoplecallthisplantatree,itisakindofgrass.2.在全世界的大山和平原上生長著1,000多種竹子?！窘馕觥縨orethan多于；aroundtheworld全世界。3.Afri

27、canpoorfarmers.4.engineersareteachingpoorfarmershowtheycanusebambootofindwater.5.Bambooisoneofnaturesmostsurprisingplants.【解析】分析文章內容可知全文主要講了竹子的特點，文章的第一句話可以概括全文內容。Passage2【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了友誼日，這個節(jié)日起源于美國，現(xiàn)在許多地方都慶祝它。在這天，人們開展各種活動，或會見朋友，或互贈禮物，或一起吃大餐等等，來表達對朋友的友愛和關心。1.Celebratingthefestival./CelebratingF

28、riendshipDay.【解析】聯(lián)系第一段第一句“FriendshipDayisagreatdayforcelebratingfriendship.”和第三句“CelebratingthefestivalwasfirstlystartedbytheUSin1935.”可知，這一段主要描述友誼日的慶祝情況。因此，這里的“this”指的就是慶祝友誼日或慶祝這個節(jié)日。故填“Celebratingthefestival./CelebratingFriendshipDay”。2.與朋友度過這一天的想法被傳遍了全世界。3.Somepeoplemayhavepartieswiththeirfriends.

29、4.TheactivitiestocelebrateFriendshipDay.【解析】題干意為：第四段主要告訴了我們什么？它主要是關于慶祝友誼日的。由第四段第一句“Thetraditionalcelebrationsincludeactivitiessuchasmeetingwithfriendsandexchanging(交換)cards,flowersandgifts.”以及本段內容可知，主要描述人們在友誼日這一天的一些活動。故填“TheactivitiestocelebrateFriendshipDay.”。5.Great/Good/Wonderful/Fantastic/.【解析】題

30、干意為：作者認為這個節(jié)日怎么樣？由第一段第一句“FriendshipDayisagreatdayforcelebratingfriendship.”和文章內容可推知，作者認為友誼日是慶祝友誼非常美好的一個日子。故填“Great/Good/Wonderful/Fantastic/”均可。Passage3【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了針對中國北方很多城市霧霾嚴重的問題，專家們已經研究出了對抗煙霧污染的大炮。雖然大炮在空氣清潔方面有一定的效果，但是最有效的方法還是減少污染排放。1.Heavysmog.2.Itisnotwell-known,butgaining/gainspopularit

31、y.3.政府應該更加注意減少排放的措施。4.Atbuildinghouses.【解析】題干意為：水霧大炮剛開始被使用是在哪里？根據(jù)第二段第四句“Theywerefirstlyusedatbuildinghousestoreducedust.”可知答案。5.Themistcannoncanbeusedtofightwithpollution.【解析】題干意為：這篇文章主要告訴我們什么？通讀整篇文章，可知這篇文章主要介紹了水霧大炮能對抗污染。第一段最后一句“Themistcannoncanbeusedtofightwithpollution.”表明了該文章的主題。Passage4【主旨大意】本文是

32、一篇演講稿。是一位老師在初三學生畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表的講話?；仡櫫巳陙硗瑢W們各方面的成長和進步，同時對學生們的新生活提出要求和希望。1.attend【解析】根據(jù)下文的ceremony(典禮，儀式)，所以空格處應填“參加”。2.Iwanttocongratulateallthestudentsthatareheretoday.3.明智地做出選擇，并且對你的決定和行為負責任。【解析】beresponsiblefor表示“對負責任”。4.Itwillbeharder.【解析】題干意為：高中生活將是怎樣的？由文章第三段第二句可知答案。5.Becauseweshouldntforgetwherewecamefrom./BecauseI(will)missmyteachersandschool/Becauseweshouldbethankfultothepeoplearoundus/Neverfailtobethankfultothepeoplearoundus.【解析】題干意為：你畢業(yè)