2020高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介詞+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisate

2、acher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介詞的賓語(yǔ).且此處關(guān)系代詞可以省略，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如：（1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.（2）Thecity（which/that）shelives

3、inisfaraway.注：通常介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，但有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.Th

4、erearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.二、關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用“介詞which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehe

5、re.(ontheday=when=onwhich)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where=inwhich)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用forwhich來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why=forwhich)三、關(guān)系代

6、詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動(dòng)，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhich_Icannotseeclearly.例題：用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式表示1.Doyoulikethebook_sh

7、elearnedalot?2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介詞+關(guān)系代詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。四、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。構(gòu)成：

8、some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few+of+whom(人）/which(物）Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittente

9、nstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.這兒有許多書(shū),他借走了兩本。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我給他買(mǎi)了兩件衣服,他一件也不喜歡。練習(xí):()1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis()2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUni

10、versity,_shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich()3.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich()4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich()5.T

11、hesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose()6.TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich()7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.A

12、.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich()8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that()9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.to

13、which()10.Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich()11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis()12.Villagersheredependonthefish

14、ingindustry,_therewontbemuchwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich()13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom()14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm_，manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime(

15、)15.WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that()16.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these()17.Manychildren,_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom()18.Iwasborn

16、inNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.WhichB.ofwhichC.that二、根據(jù)句子意思，用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”填空。1Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.2Theman_youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbor.3Theywillvisitthefarm_mybrotherworks.4Nearbyweretwocanoes_theyhadcometotheisland.5WuDong,_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.D.whose6ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,_thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.7IntheofficeIn