present-perfect-(現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)-英文版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)Present Perfect TenseThe present perfect tense used to talk about things that happened before the time you are speaking or writing but are relevant to the present situation, or things that began in the past and are still happening.Struct

2、ure:Thepresent perfect tenseis formed withhave/has + done, as in, “They have decided what to do.Signal words:When you see words likefor, since, never, ever, already, just, yet andso farin a sentence, it often means that you need to use thepresent perfect tense. For example,I have been to Shanghai fo

3、r three years.She has gone to Beijing since three years ago.John has never seen Harry Potter.Have you ever seen anything like it?You have already been rich.I have just bought a new house. Has the bus left yet? They havent finished yet. (“yet” always used for negative sentence and questions)So far, w

4、e have done five tasks.NOTICE: For and Since with Present Perfect TenseWe often useforandsincewith perfect tenses:We useforto talk about aperiodof time:five minutes, two weeks, six yearsWe usesinceto talk about apointin past time:9 oclock, 1st January, MondayLook at these example sentences usingfora

5、ndsincewith the Present Perfect tense:I have been herefortwenty minutes.I have been heresince9 oclock.John hasnt calledforsix months.John hasnt calledsinceFebruary.He has worked in New Yorkfora long time.He has worked in New Yorksincehe left school.Basic Sentence Patterns:subjectauxiliary verbmain v

6、erb(+)Positive sentenceIhaveseenET.Youhaveeatenlunch.(-)Negative sentenceHe, she, ithasnotbeento Rome.Wehavenotplayedfootball.(?)General questionHaveyoufinished?Have theydoneit?(?)Special questionWhat hashe/she/iteaten?What haveyoudoneso far?Contraction with Present PerfectWhen we use the Present Pe

7、rfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.I have IveYou have YouveHe has HesShe has ShesIt has ItsJohn has JohnsThe car has The carsWe have WeveThey have TheyveYouve told me that before.Johns seenHarry Potter.In negative senten

8、ces, we may contract the auxiliary verb and not:You havent got a chance.She hasnt heard from him.Hesorhes? Be careful! Thescontraction is used for the auxiliary verbshaveandbe. For example, Its eaten can mean:Ithaseaten. (Present Perfect tense, active voice)Itiseaten. (Present Simple tense, passive

9、voice)It is usually clear from the context.How do we use the Present Perfect TenseWe use the Present Perfect to talk about:experiencechangecontinuing situation1). Present Perfect for experienceWe often use the Present Perfect to talk aboutexperiencefrom the past. We are not interested inwhenyou did

10、something. We only want to knowifyou did it:Ihave seenan alien.Hehas livedin Bangkok.Haveyoubeenthere?Wehavenevereatencaviar.pastpresentfutureThe action or state was in the past.In my head, I have a memory now.Connection with past:the event was in the pastConnection with present:in my head,now, I ha

11、ve a memory of the event; Iknowsomething about the event; I haveexperienceof it2). Present Perfect for changeWe also use the Present Perfect to talk about achange, ornew information:Ihave boughta car.pastpresentfutureLast week I didnt have a car.Now I have a car.Johnhas brokenhis leg.pastpresentfutu

12、reYesterday John had a good leg.Now he has a bad leg.Connection with past:the past is the opposite of the presentConnection with present:the present is the opposite of the past3). Present Perfect for continuing situationWe often use the Present Perfect to talk about acontinuing situation. This is a

13、state that started in thepastand continues in thepresent(and will probably continue into the future). This is asituation(not an action). We usually usefororsincewith this structure.Ihave workedhere since June.Hehas beenill for 2 days.How longhaveyouknownTara (for)?pastpresentfutureThe situation star

14、ted in the past.It continues up to now.(It will probably continue into the future.)Connection with past:the situation started in the past.Connection with present:the situation continues in the present.Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2._he_(finis

15、h)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.WheresLiMing? He_(go)totheteachersoffice.5.I_(work)heresinceI_(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong_theWangs_(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I_just_(finish)myhomework.9.He_(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10._you_(fi

16、nd)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.12.Thestudents_(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey_(climb)thetree.14.Mymother_(come)toseemenextSunday.15.Ivelostmypen._you_(see)itanywhere?II.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.Negative sentence: I_beentoMacaubefor

17、e.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(ask for the underlined information)Special question: _hecometoschool?3.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(Rewrite the sentence with “just”)I_just_anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago. (rewrite the sentence in present perfect tense)We_English_threeyears.5.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(ask for the underlined information) Special question: _havetheybeenhere?6.Theoldman_lastyear.Hehas_forayear.(fill in the blanks with the proper form of “die”)7.MissGaoleftanhourago.(rewrite the sentence in present perfect te