2020版高考英語二輪復習專項技能保分練(六)詞義猜測題

1、專項技能保分練(六)詞義猜測題A2019河南省五校聯(lián)考Iwasgettingreadytogotobedwhenthephonerang.Thiscouldnotbegood.Mymindracedthroughthelistoffamilymemberswhomightneedhelp,butthevoicewashardlyfamiliar.“Lindy,thisisLesley.”IdidntknowLesleywell.Wedidoccasionallyspeakwitheachother,buttosaywewerefriendswasnotappropriate.Iaskedwha

2、tsheneeded.Perhapssomethingreallyawfulcausedhertoreachsomeoneshebarelyknew.Instead,sheaskedme,“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey?Inyourfreezer？”We_had_lots_of_room_in_our_freezer,_and_in_fact,_too_much.“Sure，”Iresponded,“didyourfreezerbreakdown？”“Notexactly，”Lesleyreplied,“butIwillexplainwhenIarrive.”Minutesl

3、atercameahugefreezertruck.Lesleysteppeddownandexplainedthelease(租約)ofthegrocerystoreherhusbandservicedhadrunoutandthattheyhadtoemptyallthefreezersthatverynight.Thinkingitwasashametothrowawayallthisgoodfood,theydecidedtodropofffoodtoanyoneshecouldthinkof.Noticingourfreezerwasprettyempty,Lesleyaskedto

4、fillitup.Ourhomewastheirlaststopandanythingleftwouldhavetobeputinourfreezer.Anhourlater,everythingfinished,Iaskedher,“Whenwillyoucomebackforallthis？”Lesleylaughed,“Wedontwantitback.Itisyours!Thanksforhelpingusout！”Thentheywavedgoodbyeanddroveaway.“Forhelpingthemout？”Weopenedourfreezerdoor.Insidewere

5、allexpensivefoodsweneverboughtbutoftenlongedtotry.Wewerestrugglingtobuygroceries,yetitwasnotsomethingwesharedwithanyone.However,ourneedsweremetinanunexpectedway,bythatcall.“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey？”體裁：記敘文題材：個人經(jīng)歷主題：“求助”變“受助”【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文，講述了作者一家在困難時期意外收到一位只有點頭之交的人的“求助”，實際上卻得到對方幫助的故事。【難句分析】Lesleysteppe

6、ddownandexplainedthelease(租約)ofthegrocerystoreherhusbandservicedhadrunoutandthattheyhadtoemptyallthefreezersthatverynight.分析：thelease(租約)ofthegrocerystoreherhusbandservicedhadrunout和thattheyhadtoemptyallthefreezersthatverynight為并列的賓語從句，作explained的賓語，第一個賓語從句省略了that，第二個賓語從句中的that不可以省略。herhusbandservic

7、ed為省略了that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞thegrocerystore。譯文：Lesley走了下來，解釋說她丈夫就職的雜貨店的租約到期，他們必須在那天晚上清空所有的冰柜。1Howdidthewriterfeelwhensheheardthephoneringing?AAngry.BAnxious.CShocked.DRelieved.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thiscouldnotbegood.Mymindracedthroughthelistoffamilymemberswhomightneedhelp”可知，作者剛聽到電話鈴響時認為不會有好事發(fā)生，猜測是哪

8、個家人需要幫助，因此作者應(yīng)是擔憂的(anxious)。2Whatdoestheauthorindicatebytheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2?ATheywererunningoutoffoodsupplies.BTheirfreezerwastoolargetofill.CTheyweregladtoputtheturkeyinthefreezer.DTheirfreezerwaslessfrequentlyused.答案與解析：A考查句意理解。畫線句表示“我們冰箱的空間很多，事實上，是太多了”；最后一段中的“Insidewereallexpensivefo

9、odsweneverboughtbutoftenlongedtotry”暗示，作者真正想要表達的是他們生活困難，貯存的食物快吃完了，因此她家冰箱有太多的空間，故A項正確。3WhydidLesleycallupthewriter?ABecauseshedidntwantfoodtogotowaste.BBecausethewriterwashergoodfriend.CBecausesomethingawfulhadhappened.DBecausesheknewthewriterwasinneed.答案與解析：A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thinkingitwasashametothrow

10、awayallthisgoodfood,theydecidedtodropofffoodtoanyoneshecouldthinkof”可知，Lesley不想把這么好的食物扔掉，所以決定把食物送給她能想起的任何人，包括作者，故A項正確。4Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AAfriendonSpeakingTermsBWhoisMyAngel?CUnexpectedBargainsDDoYouHaveRoomforATurkey?D答案與解析：考查標題判斷。文章主要講述了作者一家在困難時期收到Lesley的“求助”電話，詢問其冰柜是否有空間存放火雞，結(jié)果卻得到

11、Lesley的幫助的故事。結(jié)合文章前后均提到“Doyouhaveroomforaturkey”可知，D項正確。B2019成都第一次診斷Youngtreesdontjustgrow;theydevelopapersonalityandlearnmoreabouttheirenvironmentandhowtheyshouldbestbehaveinit.Theyalsohelpeachotheroutwhenevertherestrouble.Personality,justasamongpeople,variesamongtrees.Someareanxious,somebold.Onthea

12、uthorsland,therearethreeoaktreesgrowingclosetogether.Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers.Sincetheyallexperiencethesametemperature,thesamesoilandthesamelengthofday,suchvariablescantbetheexplanation.Sowhatshappening?Well,thistreeissimplymorecarefulthantheothers.Whoe

13、verholdsontotheirleaveslongercandomorephotosynthesis(光合作用)andstoremorenutrients.However,thelongeratreekeepsitsleaves,thehighertheriskofinjury.Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.Atree,forexample,keepingitsleavestoolongduringoneyearwillnevermakethismistakeagain.Thislead

14、stoseveralotherconclusions:treesmustnoticethetemperatureandthelengthofthedayandbeabletosavetheirexperiencessomewhere.Obviously,treesdonthavebrains,butitisthoughtthatinthesensitivetipsoftheirrootstheykeeptrackofinformationandexperiences.Buttreesarentonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalso

15、supporteachotherwhenevertherestroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients.Forexample,onetimetheauthorfoundaveryoldtreestump.Itsinsideshadrottedalongtimeagototopsoil.Butthewoodontheoutsideofthestumpwasstillliving.Howwasthispossible?Well,thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneig

16、hborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatleast400years!Whydotreesdo_such_a_thing?Itssimple:itsbettertogether.Treesneedtheforest;itprotectsthemfromstorms,providestherightmicroclimateandwarnsthemofattacks.體裁：說明文題材：自然主題：樹的智慧【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了樹的智慧：每棵樹都有它不同的個性，遇到困難時它們也會互相幫助。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹不但能自己做決定，還能從

17、自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。【難句分析】Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes.分析：該句使用了倒裝語序，notonly置于句首，助動詞do移至主語trees之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文：樹木不僅能自己做決定，它們還能從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。5Whydoestheauthormentionthethreeoaktrees?AToillustratetreescanlearnfromexperiences.BToshowtreescanmakeindependentdecisions.CToexplaintre

18、esarequitesupportivetoeachother.DToprovetreeshavethesamepersonalitiesashumans.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Oneoftheoaktreesalwaysstartstosheditsleavestwoweeksearlierthantheothers”可知，三棵橡樹中，有一棵總比其他兩棵先落葉；結(jié)合第三段第一句“Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes”可知，樹木能自己做決定。據(jù)此可推知，作者提及三棵橡樹旨在說

19、明樹木可以自己做決定，故B項正確。6Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeneralfeaturesoftrees?AAnxiousandbold.BSmartandadventurous.CHelpfulandwellbehaved.DAdaptableandsupportive.答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Notonlydotreesmaketheirowndecisions,theyalsolearnfromtheirmistakes”，并結(jié)合第三段內(nèi)容可知，樹木不僅能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯誤中吸取

20、教訓。據(jù)此可推知，樹木適應(yīng)能力強；根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“Buttreesarentonlycleverwhenitcomestocaringforthemselves.Theyalsosupporteachotherwhenevertherestroublebygivingwarningsandeventakingcareofsickandweakconspecificswithnutrients”可知，樹木不僅善于照顧自己，當遇到困難時，它們會發(fā)出警告，相互支持，甚至照顧生病、虛弱的同類。據(jù)此可推知，樹木之間互幫互助，故D項正確。7Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“do

21、suchathing”mean?AGivewarnings.BOfferassistance.CDependonothers.DProvidenutrients.答案與解析：B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段尾句“Well,thestumpwasnourishedbyitsneighborswithnutrientsfromtherootsystem,andhadbeenforatleast400years！”可知，樹樁是由它的鄰居從根處給予營養(yǎng)來滋養(yǎng)的；結(jié)合第五段第一句“Whydotreesdosuchathing？”和第五段的內(nèi)容可知，該處表示“為什么樹木要互相幫助？”，故畫線短語是指提供幫助，故

22、B項正確。8Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom?AApubliclecture.BAsciencebook.CAnexperimentreport.DAtraveljournal.答案與解析：B考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了樹的智慧：每棵樹都有它不同的個性，遇到困難時它們也會互相幫助；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹不但能自己做決定，還能從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。據(jù)此可推知，本文最可能選自科學書籍，故B項正確。C2019海南五校一模Engineershaveputahugegarbagecollectortogatherplasticmaterial

23、inthePacificOceanbetweenCaliforniaandHawaii,theworldslargestspreadofgarbage,twicethesizeofthestateofTexas.TheOceanCleanuporganizationcreatedthecollector.Thegroupsfounder,BoyanSlat,aninventorbornin1994,wasjust16whenhewasmovedtocleanuptheoceanswhenhewasonadiveandsawmoreplasticbagsthanfish.LastSaturday

24、,ashippullingthepipeshapedfloatingbarrierleftSanFrancisco.Attachedtoitisascreeningskirtthathangsthreemetersdowninthewater.Thescreenisdesignedtocollecttheplasticasitmovesthroughthewater.Seaanimalscansafelyswimunderthebarrier.Thecleanupsystemalsocomeswithlightspoweredbythesun,cameras,andotherspecialde

25、vices(設(shè)備),sothesystemcancommunicateitspositionatalltimes.Thatwayasupportshipcanfinditeveryfewmonthstoremovetheplasticthathasbeencollected.Shippingcontainerswillholdalltheplasticgathered,includingbottlesandfishingequipmentandareexpectedtobebackonlandwithinayear.Thentheplasticwillberecycled.Thefreeflo

26、atingbarriersaremadetosurviveextremeweatherconditionsanddamagefromcontinualuse.Theywillstayinthewaterfortwentyyears,thuscollecting90%ofthegarbageinthearea.TheOceanCleanuphasreceived$35millionindonationstopayfortheproject,hopingtoput60freefloatingbarriersinthePacificOceanby2020.“Itsimportanttoturnoff

27、thetapsonplasticenteringtheocean,butIalsothinkpeoplecandomorethanonethingatatimetodealwiththisproblem，”Slatsaid.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，介紹了在美國加州和夏威夷之間的太平洋海域運行的海洋垃圾收集器。【難句分析】Thegroupsfounder,BoyanSlat,aninventorbornin1994,wasjust16whenhewasmovedtocleanuptheoceanswhenhewasonadiveandsawmoreplasticbagsthanfish.分析

28、：這是一個主從復合句，Whenhewasmovedto.oceans為時間狀語從句，whenhewasonadive.fish為從句中的時間狀語從句。譯文：該組織的創(chuàng)立者叫BoyanSlat，是一位出生于1994年的發(fā)明家，他16歲那年，在一次潛水中，看到水中的塑料袋比魚還多，于是不由得想去清理海洋?！臼煸~生義】spread常用義：v.&n傳播；蔓延本句義：n.涉及區(qū)域例句：Thecompanyhasagoodgeographicalspreadofhotelsinthiscountry.該公司在這個國家開設(shè)的飯店地理分布相當廣。move常用義：v.移動；搬家；使感動本句義：v.促使例句：Sh

29、efeltmovedtoaddressthecrowd.她不由得想給大家講一番話。skirt常用義：n.裙子本句義：n.擋板例句：Thereistherubberskirtaroundthebottomofahovercraft.氣墊船底部的四周是橡膠擋板。9WhatdroveSlattoinventthecollector?ATheinterestininvention.BHisfailuretodiveduetorubbish.CThesightoftoomanyplasticbags.DHisknowledgeofgarbageinthePacificOcean.答案與解析：C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干的“發(fā)明這個垃圾收集器”，我們把答案定位在第二段。該段說“Thegroupsfounder,BoyanSlat.whenhewasonadiveandsawmoreplast