講練：主謂一致附答案

1、模塊三 語(yǔ)法專練：主謂一致【考點(diǎn)透視】 在近年高考英語(yǔ)試題中，單項(xiàng)填空部分直接涉及到主謂一致的內(nèi)容不是十分頻繁，但是這并不是說(shuō)主謂一致不重要，一方面在試題的其他方面有一定程度的體現(xiàn)，另一方面說(shuō)明在今后的單選命題中考查主謂一致的幾率更高。有關(guān)主謂一致的考點(diǎn)主要分布在：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)主謂一致的影響；充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的詞匯意義對(duì)主謂一致的影響；復(fù)合句中的主謂一致等。 主謂一致指的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面的一致。主謂一致有三項(xiàng)原則，即：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則是在特殊情況下對(duì)語(yǔ)法一致的補(bǔ)充。這里就一些情況作如下說(shuō)明：（一）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。

2、如：Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.（二）不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.（三）不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。（四）從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：1what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。 What we need is more time. / What we need are more teachers.2在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who / t

3、hat”引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。如： This is one of the girls who were late for the meeting. This is the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.（五）以and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Walking and riding are good exercises.但在以下幾種情況中用單數(shù)： 1當(dāng)被修飾的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一個(gè)人、物或概念時(shí)。如： The girls tea

4、cher and friend is a young doctor. 2當(dāng)被連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞表示的是一副用具時(shí)。 A knife and fork is on the table.（六）有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)其意思來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：1表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞單數(shù)； 2國(guó)家或團(tuán)體名稱單數(shù)； 3the Olympic Games復(fù)數(shù)； 4當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如：means，works等。 Every means has been tried. / All means have been tried.（七）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)： 1police，people等

5、名詞復(fù)數(shù)； 2clothing，equipment，furniture等名詞單數(shù)； 3family，class，public，population等名詞表示個(gè)體時(shí)單數(shù)；表示單位成員時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)；（八）all，most，half，the rest等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其所代的名詞或意思來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。（九）a lot of/ lots of，a large quantity of等量詞 + 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些量詞后的名詞決定。如：A large quantity of people are needed here. 但large quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞

6、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Large quantities of food / books are on the table.（十）a kind ofkinds of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由kind決定，type也是這樣。如： This kind of men is dangerous. / Men of this are dangerous.（十一）分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞決定。（十二）more than one .，many a .作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Many a student has read the book.（十三

7、）or，either . or .，neither . nor .，not only . but (also) .等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與就近的主語(yǔ)一致。（十四）主語(yǔ)后面跟有l(wèi)ike，as well as / with/ along with/ together with，except/ but / rather than， including/ besides/ in addition to等詞組時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)而定。如： The teacher together with his students was excited.【題例精析】【例1】 Mike, what did our mo

8、nitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. （2007南京一中卷）A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要理解題干結(jié)構(gòu)，把握以every, no, each 等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致以及定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。【要點(diǎn)精析】該題為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)

9、從句的復(fù)合句，句中作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞who指代先行詞teachers，為復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用are；as well as連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)前一個(gè)主語(yǔ)決定；由 every, no, each 等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式?！敬鸢浮緿【例2】 What the remote areas need _ education to children and what the children need _ good textbooks at the moment. （2007山東棗莊3月交流卷）A. is; areB. are; isC. was; wer

10、eD. were; was【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題關(guān)鍵是要注意由特殊疑問(wèn)詞what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致關(guān)系?！疽c(diǎn)精析】一般情況下，what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)它所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。該題強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緼【專項(xiàng)檢測(cè)】1. Whom _ this pair of glasses belong to and whose _the glasses on the table? A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is2. There _ a pen, two pe

11、ncils and three books on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. have3. The United States of America _one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were4. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are5. I have finished a large

12、 part of the book, the rest of which _ very difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas_that they are not renewable.A. has been B. are C. have been D. is7. More than one example_ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.A. should be

13、 B. is C. are D. have been8. Although many of the houses in the small town _ still in need of repair, there _ lots of improvement in their appearance.A. are; has been B. is; have beenC. is; are D. are; was9. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. A. is B. are C. were D. was10. The p

14、olice _ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _.A. have; them B. has; himC. have; him D. has; them11. My friend and classmate Paul _ horse-riding in his spare time.A. practice B. practicesC. is practiced. D. is practicing12. People like beautiful things, but the beautiful_

15、not always the useful.A. is B. are C. was D. were13. Are you very anxious? Yes. Ten minutes _ like an hour when you are waiting for a phone call.A. seem B. seems C. do D. does14. On the wall _ two large pictures of his parents.A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang15. Thats the one of the subjects th

16、at _ to start a conversation.A. intends B. intendC. are intended D. is intended16. I, who _ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.A. be B. am C. are D. is17. Not only my brother but also I _good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are; are B. am; are C. is; is D. are; is1

17、8. Setting fire to the public buildings _highly dangerous and forbidden by law.A. areB. is C. has D. were19. _ visitors to the UK were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the British people were.A. The number ofB. A number ofC. Numbers ofD. Any numbers of20. The first two question

18、s were easy, but the rest of them _ not.A. wasB. wereC. beingD. to be21. “The public _ the best judge.” means “the public always _ their thoughts correctly.”A. are; expressB. are; expressesC. is; expressD. is; express22. This kind of cakes _ good while cakes of that kind _ different.A. taste; areB.

19、tastes; areC. smells; isD. look; are23. Where to find the teacher and where to do the experiment _.A. are not known B. is not knownC. has not known D. have not known24. The manager or his secretary _ to give you an interview. A. is B. are C. was D. were25. That they have cheated the boys _ now clear

20、 to us all. A. is B. are C. was D. were26. The old _ taken good cave of in our country. A. is B. has C. are D. have27. It seems to me that what Lucy saw and heard _ very interesting. A. was B. were C. is D. are28. Every means _ tried, but in vain. A. have been B. has been C. are D. is29. Many a boy

21、and many a student _ looking forward to visiting the United States of America at present.A. are B. were C. is D. was30. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play31. Though small, the ant is as much a creature as _ al

22、l other animals on earth.A. are B. isC. doD. have32. Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _ not fully understood.A. areB. wereC. isD. was33. Everybody in our country, men and women, old and young, _sports and games.A. are fond of B. enjoysC. go

23、 in for D. take part in34. There are _ flowers shown in the park and _ people go to have a look.A. varieties of; various B. a plenty of; manyC. various; many a D. quite a few; quite a little35. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories _ to be built here.A. is B. are C. was D. were36. T

24、he engineer and worker referred to _ to design something.A. be going B. are going C. be likely D. is going37. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; hasC. number; have D. quantity; have38. The education system rather than the teache

25、rs _ to answer for the overburden on the students. I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country will hang about the _ results.A. me; desired B. is; desiredC. are; desiring D. is; desiring39. His Selected Poems _ first published in 1986.A. were B. was C. has been D. is40. Writing stori

26、es and articles _ what she enjoys most.A. is B. have been C. was D. were41. Each of the students in our class _ great interest in English and they each _ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary.A. shows; have B. have; hasC. is; have D. takes; has42. The factory, including its machines and buildin

27、gs, _ burnt last night.A. is B. are C. were D. was43. The White family _ very large. All the family _ animal lovers.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are44. Large quantities of fruit _ all over the world from China today.A. is shipped B. are shippedC. has Shipped D. have shipped45. In our coun

28、try each boy and each girl _ the right to receive a good education.A. is B. are C. has D. have 【答案解析】1C?！皌his / the pair of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；glasses，trousers，clothes等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。2B。There be句型中，主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，遵循“就近一致”的原則，即謂語(yǔ)與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。3A。表示國(guó)家，組織、單位的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。4C。不定代詞all作主語(yǔ)，指人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)；指物時(shí)，謂

29、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。5A?！皌he rest of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與中心名詞保持一致，這里which指代the book故用is。6D。the trouble / problem with .意為“由帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題；存在的問(wèn)題”。題中：the trouble為主語(yǔ)部分的中心詞。7B。many a(許多) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或more than one(不止一個(gè)) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常遵循“語(yǔ)法一致”的原則，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù)。 8A。此處improvement是不可數(shù)名詞。9A。當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子作主語(yǔ)且表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10A。po

30、lice，people，cattle等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。 11B。Paul既是我的朋友還是我的同學(xué)，主語(yǔ)指的是一個(gè)人，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且根據(jù)題意，此處需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 12C。the + 形容詞/ -ing形式/ 過(guò)去分詞(表示類人或事物)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，但表示一種抽象概念或品質(zhì)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。題中the beautiful is not always the useful意為“好看的不一定總是有用的”。 13B。表示時(shí)間、距離、金額數(shù)量等的名詞作為一個(gè)整體作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。14D。這是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語(yǔ)

31、動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。15D。be intended to do / for意為“被打算”。先行詞為one of .結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)認(rèn)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；先行詞為 the (only) one of .結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。16B。關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。17B。not only . but also，either . or，neither . nor，not . but等結(jié)構(gòu)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)遵循“就近一致”的原則。 18B。不定式、-ing形式短語(yǔ)或名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。注意：當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)，且表語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，

32、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常由表語(yǔ)的數(shù)決定。19C。答案B、D本身就錯(cuò)誤的，A表示“的數(shù)目”，C表示“許多”，依據(jù)謂語(yǔ)是were，選C。20B。本題的要點(diǎn)是half of，the rest of，plenty of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，視具體情況而定。如果of后面是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果of后面是可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。21D。本題的變化點(diǎn)是集合名詞若作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若看作一個(gè)個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。22B。本題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：由 a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of和“名詞+ of this kind”等以及由與kind意義相

33、似的 type，sort等構(gòu)成的類似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。23A。本題考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)是不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞+to do and+疑問(wèn)詞+to do”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞加不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)表示一件事的兩個(gè)側(cè)面，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。24A。謂語(yǔ)就近一致。25A。名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。26C。定冠詞置于形容詞或分詞前表示“一類人”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。27A。主語(yǔ)從句后動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。28D。means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，every means意為“每種方法”，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。29C?！癿any a + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。30A。句中的主語(yǔ)是e-mail，不包括as wel