輕量化的意義外文文獻翻譯、汽車車輛類外文翻譯、中英文翻譯

1、 附錄AThesignificaneeoflightweightAutomotivelightweightmainguidingprinciple:toensurestabilityonbasisofimprovedperformanee,energy-savingdesignoftheassemblypartscontinuousoptimizationmodelspectrum.Thelightweightcar,thecaristoensurestrengthandsecurityofthepremise,asfaraspossibletoreducethecarscurbweight,

2、therebyenhancingthecarspower,reducingfuelconsumptionandreduceexhaustpollution.Experimentsshowthatif10%ofautomobileweightreduction,fuelefficiencycanbincreasedby6%-8%;vehiclecurbweightisreducedby100kghundredkilometerscanbereduced0.3-0.6liters;1%ofvehicleweightreduction,fuelconsumptioncanbereduced0.7%.

3、Atpresent,duetotheneedforenvironmentalprotectionandenergysaving,lightweightcarhasbecometheworldtrendofautomobiledevelopment.Lightweightcaristhemainway:mainstreamcarmodelscontinuetooptimizethesize,specificationsizetoretainthemainparametersofthepremise,toenhancethestructuralstrengthofthevehicle,reduci

4、ngtheamountofsupplies;useoflightweightmaterials.Suchasaluminum,magnesium,ceramic,plastic,fiberglassorcarbonfibercompositematerials;Thecomputerdesign.Suchasfiniteelementanalysis,localreinforcementdesign;theuseofload-bearingbody,thinningthethicknessofthebodysheetmetal.Amongthem,thecurrentmajorautomoti

5、velightweightmeasuresmainlytheuseoflightweightmaterials.forautomotivelightweightdesignofthemetalmaterialThemainvehiclethroughthecarslightweightmaterialstoimproveeconomytocontribute.Theoreticalanalysisandexperimentalresultsshowthlightweightistoimprovevehiclefueleconomyandeffectiveway.Inordertoequirem

6、entsoflightweightvehicles,somenewmaterialemergedandexpandedthescopeofapplication.NonferrousAlloysTopassengercars,the1973vehicleusedbythenon-ferrousalloyofthetotaltimberweightratioof5.0%in1980to5.6%,whilein1997itreachNon-ferrousalloysinautomotiveapplicationsistherapidgrowthtrendofdevelopmentofautomot

7、ivematerials.AluminumSteelaluminumdensityofabout1/3isthemostwidelyusedlightmaterials.UnitedStatesproductionofautomotiveproducts,forexample,aluminumalloy1976pervehicleisonly39kg,1982reached62kg,whilein1998itreach100kg.castaluminumalloyManyelementscanbeusedascastaluminumalloyelements,onlySi,Cu,Mg,Mn,Z

8、n,Liinthemassproductionofgreatsignificanee.Ofcourse,widelyusedinthecarisnotthe黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 simplebinaryalloybutalsoavarietyofelementsaddedtoobtainagoodoverallperformanee.Theautomobileindustryisthemainmarketofaluminumeastings,suchasJapan,76%ofaluminumeastings,aluminumdieeasting77%ofautomotiveeastin

9、gs.Mainlyusedinaluminumalloyenginebloekeastings,eylinderheads,pistons,intakemanifold,roekerarms,enginemountbraeket,aireompressorconnectingrod,elutehhousings,elutehhousings,wheels,brakeparts,handlesandeovershell-typepartsandsoon.Aluminumeastinginevitablyflawed,eastingcannotbeheattreatedprodueearesult

10、intheuseofhigherstrengthaluminumalloyeastingsislimited.Ontheeastingforthisproductionprocesshasbeenimproved,semi-solideastingforgingformingmethodandmethodwillbeusedtocraftthefuturemore.deformationofaluminumalloyReferstodeformationofaluminumalloyaluminumalloyplateandextrusionsandforgingmaterials,mainl

11、yusedinautomotivebodypanelsontheboengineradiators,aireonditioningcondenser,evaporator,wheels,trimandsuspensionparts.Astheeffectisobviouslightweight,aluminumalloyearbodyapplieationsisexpanding.September1990astheJapanesestartedsellingearswithaHondaNSXUnibodyaluminum,coldrolledsteelplatethaninthesameli

12、ght200kgbodyattractedworldwideattention.NSXtotheentirevehiclewithaluminum31.3%,asinthealuminumearbody,usingthe6000seriesalloyouterplate,innerplatewith5052-0alloy,mostusethe5182-0alloyframe;thatthesidedoorofthestrengthandstiffnessrequirementsarehigh,theuseofthe6N01alloy-based,appropriateadjustmentsto

13、theMgandSicontentofthealloy.AlsousefulinEuropeandAmericafor2036and2008alloyplatesinsideandoutsidethebody.AluminumradiatororiginatedinEuropeandthenthroughouttheworld.InEurope,afterthe1980s,aluminumradiatorhasoccupied90%ofthemarket.With?Caraireonditioning,oilcoolers,etc.Theextensiveuseofaluminumheatex

14、ehangersmarketisrapidlyexpanding.Fromthematerialpointofview,aluminumheatexehangersinawiderangeofcoatingmaterialappliedtoalargeextentduetoaluminumandaluminumeladdingsuccessfuldevelopment.aluminummatrixcompositesLowdensityofaluminummatrixcomposites,strengthandhighmodulus,goodthermalfatigueproperties,b

15、utinautomotiveapplieationsbythepriceandproductionqualityeontrolandothereonstraints,havenotformedalargescale.Currently,aluminummatrixcompositesintheconnectingrod,piston,eylinderbodyholes,brakedises,brakecalipersandotherpartsofthedriveshafttubetestorshowingsuperiorperformanee,suchasdevelopedbyHondadoe

16、snot?Enhaneedaluminummatrixcompositewirerodsteelroddownmorethan30%weightonthe1.2Lgasolineenginecanincreasefueleconomy5%;usingchilledaluminumpowderandSiCpowder(weightpereentageof2%)andmixedextrudedintorods,forgedwiththeshapeofthepistonrodforhighstrengthcanbe20%lowerweight,enginepowerhasincreasedsigni

17、ficantly;compositeenhaneedwithaluminumpistonheadtocancelthefirstringgrooveofausteniticcastironinsertscandropweight20%;aluminummatrixcompositebrakediscsreduceweightthancastironbrakedisc50%.MagnesiumAluminummagnesiumdensityofabout2/3,inthepracticalapplicationofthemetalisthelightest.Vibrationabsorption

18、ofmagnesiumalloycuttingabilityisgood,metalcastingperformanee,itissuitableformanufacturingautomotiveparts.Mostofthediecastingmagnesiumalloyintheformofapplicationsinthecar,magnesiumdiecastingaluminumproductionefficiencythanthe30%to50%.Thenewlydevelopednon-porouscastingmethod(PoreFreeDiecast)canproduce

19、noholesandcanbeheat-treatedmagnesiumdiecastings.Magnesiumcastingsusedinthecartheearliestexamplesisthewheelrim.Inthecaronthetrialorapplicationinstaneetheremagnesiumalloyclutchhousing,clutchpedal,brakepedalmountingbracket,dashboardframe,seat,steeringcolumnparts,steeringwheelroundcore,transmissionhousi

20、ng,enginemounts,cylinderheadandcylinderheadcoverandsoon.Withthetraditionalsystemofthesteeringcolumnbracketcomparedtothezinc,magnesiumandheavypartsdown65%;withtraditionalsteelsteeringwheelcorecomparedto45percentweightreductionofmagnesiumparts;comparedwiththealuminumcylinderhead,magnesiumparts30%weigh

21、treduction;traditionalstampingandweldingstructuralsteelbrakepedalbracketcomparedtotheoverallweightofmagnesiumcastingsdown40%,whileitsrigidityisalsoimproved.Magnesiummatrixcompositeshasalsomadeprogress,withSiCparticlesasreinforcement,mixingtechnologyistheuseofliquidmagnesium-basedcompositematerialswi

22、thgoodperformanceandlowerproductioncosts.IntheAZ91alloybyadding25%SiCparticlereinforcedcompositesthanthematrixalloywith23%highertensilestrength,yieldstrengthincreased47%,elasticmodulusincreased72%.TitaniumTitaniumdensity4.5g/cm3,withhighstrength,hightemperaturestrengthandcorrosionresistanceandsoon.B

23、ecausetitaniumisexpensive,sinceIsawthecarintheluxurycarandasmallamountofindividualapplications.However,theapplicationoftitaniuminthetestcarhasalotofresearchwork.Forexample,witha+Btitaniumalloyoftheengiconnectingrodsystem,theequivalentstrengthquenchedandtemperedsteel45levels,andweightcanbereduced30%;

24、Boftitanium(Ti-13V-11Cr-3AI,etc.)andtimebythestrongcoldtreatment,intensityofupto2000MPa,canbeusedtomanufacturesuspensionsprings,valvespringsandvalves,etc.,andthetensilestrengthof2100MPaofhighstrengthsteelthantitaniumspringscanbe20%lowerweight.Thebiggestobstacletotheapplicationoftitaniumfromitshighpr

25、ice,ToyotaCentralResearchInstitutehasdevelopedalow-costtitaniummatricomposites.ThecompositematerialtoTi-6Al-4Valloymatrixtothereinforcementspowdermetallurgymethodofproduction,hasbeenappliedintheengineconnectingrod.黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 附錄B輕量化的意義汽車輕量化主要指導思想：在確保穩(wěn)定提升性能的基礎(chǔ)上，節(jié)能化設(shè)計各總成零部件，持續(xù)優(yōu)化車型譜。汽車的輕量化，就是在保證汽車的強

26、度和安全性能的前提下，盡可能地降低汽車的整備質(zhì)量，從而提高汽車的動力性，減少燃料消耗，降低排氣污染。實驗證明，若汽車整車重量降低10%燃油效率可提高6%8%汽車整備質(zhì)量每減少100公斤，百公里油耗可降低0.30.6升；汽車重量降低1%油耗可降低0.7%當前，由于環(huán)保和節(jié)能的需要，汽車的輕量化已經(jīng)成為世界汽車發(fā)展的潮流。汽車輕量化的主要途徑是：汽車主流規(guī)格車型持續(xù)優(yōu)化，規(guī)格主參數(shù)尺寸保留的前提下，提升整車結(jié)構(gòu)強度，降低耗材用量；采用輕質(zhì)材料。如鋁、鎂、陶瓷、塑料、玻璃纖維或碳纖維復(fù)合材料等；采用計算機進行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。如采用有限元分析、局部加強設(shè)計等；采用承載式車身，減薄車身板料厚度等。其中，當前的

27、主要汽車輕量化措施主要是采用輕質(zhì)材料?？捎糜谄囕p量化設(shè)計的金屬材料車用材料主要通過汽車的輕量化來對燃料經(jīng)濟性改善作出貢獻。理論分析和試驗結(jié)果都表明，輕量化是改善汽車燃料經(jīng)濟性的有效途徑。為了適應(yīng)汽車輕量化的要求，一些新材料應(yīng)運而生并擴大了應(yīng)用范圍。有色合金以乘用車來說，1973年每輛車所使用的有色合金占全部用材的重量比為5.0%1980年增至5.6%,而1997年則達到了9.6%。有色合金在汽車上應(yīng)用量的快速增長是汽車材料發(fā)展的大趨勢。鋁合金鋁的密度約為鋼的1/3，是應(yīng)用最廣泛的輕量化材料。以美國生產(chǎn)的汽車產(chǎn)品為例，1976年每車用鋁合金僅39kg，1982年達到62kg，而1998年則達到

28、了100kg。（1）鑄造鋁合金許多種元素都可以作為鑄造鋁合金的合金元素，但只有Si、Cu、MgMnZn、Li在大量生產(chǎn)中具有重要意義。當然，在汽車上廣泛應(yīng)用的并不是上述簡單的二元合金而是多種元素同時添加以獲得好的綜合性能。汽車工業(yè)是鋁鑄件的主要市場，例如日本，鋁鑄件的76%鋁壓鑄件的77%為汽車鑄件。鋁合金鑄件主要應(yīng)用于發(fā)動機氣缸體、氣缸蓋、活塞、進氣歧管、搖臂、發(fā)動機懸置支架、空壓機連桿、傳動器殼體、離合器殼體、車輪、制動器零件、把手及罩蓋殼體類零件等。鋁鑄件中不可避免地存在缺陷，壓鑄件還不能熱處理，因此在用鋁合金來生產(chǎn)要求較高強度鑄件時受到限制。為此在鑄件生產(chǎn)工藝上作了改進，鑄造鍛造法和半

29、固態(tài)成型法將是未來較多用的工藝。（2）變形鋁合金變形鋁合金指鋁合金板帶材、擠壓型材和鍛造材，在汽車上主要用于車身面板車身骨架、發(fā)動機散熱器、空調(diào)冷凝器、蒸發(fā)器、車輪、裝飾件和懸架系統(tǒng)零件等。由于輕量化效果明顯，鋁合金在車身上的應(yīng)用正在擴大。如1990年9月開始銷售的日本本田NSX車采用了全鋁承載式車身，比用冷軋鋼板制造的同樣車身輕200kg引起全世界的矚目。NSX全車用鋁材達到31.3%，如在全鋁車身上，夕卜板使用6000系列合金，內(nèi)板使用5052-0合金，骨架大部使用51820合金；由于側(cè)門框?qū)姸群蛣偠纫蠛芨?，使用?N01合金為基礎(chǔ)、適當調(diào)整了Mg和Si含量的合金。在歐美也有用2036和2008合金作車身內(nèi)外板的。鋁散熱器發(fā)源于歐洲而后遍及全世界。在歐洲，到20世紀80年代后期鋁散熱器已占領(lǐng)市場的90%隨？車用空調(diào)、油冷卻器等的大量使用，鋁熱交換器的市場迅速擴大。從材料的角度看，鋁在熱交換器上的廣泛應(yīng)用在很大程度上歸功于包覆料覆層鋁板和鋁帶的成功開發(fā)。（3）鋁基復(fù)合材料鋁基復(fù)合材料密度低、比強度和比模量高、抗熱疲勞性能好，但在汽車上的應(yīng)用受到價格及生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量控制等方面的制約，還沒有形成很大的規(guī)模。目前，鋁基復(fù)合材料在連桿、活塞、氣缸體內(nèi)孔、制動盤、制