英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)期末考試題庫(kù)

1、英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)試題Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary（練習(xí)1）IEach of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily throu

2、gh the use of _construct.A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2._ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early _ tribes.A. Greek B. Roman C.

3、Italian D. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the users choices of linguistic elements in a particular_ for special

4、 effectsA. situation B. context C. time D. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _ terms used in particular disciplin

5、es and academic areas.A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic8. _refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._ belongs to the sub-standard langua

6、ge, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly

7、understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman11._ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common

8、 B. little C. slight D. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on _meanings.A. new B. old C. bad D. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. not

9、ional C. empty D. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. content B. notional C. empty D. new II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expres

10、sions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the _ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _development, formation and _.English lex

11、icology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, _,etymology, stylistics, _.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _.Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those i

12、n Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words

13、( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a c

14、hange of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( ) V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions 46.Illustrate th

15、e relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. 49. Classify the following wor

16、ds and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirt Ke

17、y to Exercises:16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabulary31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic wor

18、d stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, cloud, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the

19、, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt, Aliens: bazaar, kowtow Translation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(練習(xí)2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one t

20、hat would best complete the statement.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be grouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500 B. 4000 C. 300 D. 2000The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to

21、be a highly _language.A. inflected B. derived C. developed D. analyzedAfter the _, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. FrenchThe introduction of _had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddh

22、ism D. IslamismIn the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many _words came into the English language. A. Greek B. Roman C. Celtic D. ScandinavianIt is estimated that at least _ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English. A. 500

23、 B. 800 C. 1000 .D. 900The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of _ words into English.A. French B. Greek C. Roman D. LatinBy the end of the _century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, and government and regained soci

24、al status.A. 12th B. 13th C. 14th D.15thAs a result , Celtic made only a _contribution to the English vocabulary.A. small B. big C. great D. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _. A. Greek B. Roman C. Indian D.

25、RussianIn the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language.A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. GreekGreek is the modern language derived from _.A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . GermanicThe five Roamance languages , namely, Portugues

26、e, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _.A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-SaxonThe _family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian lang

27、uages.A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. HellenicBy the end of the _century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th II. Complete the following statements with p

28、roper words or expressions according to the course book.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of _.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _ languag

29、e. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _ Modern English.II

30、I. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words 2)history off English development 3) language family. A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch

31、 ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianStudy the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( ) 33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 3

32、6. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms. 41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .

33、47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A

34、8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic 20.Late(1700-up to the present ) 21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. C31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix

35、 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root 40.bound root V.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy mi

36、lk;The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the

37、English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（練習(xí)3）I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _.reversative prefixes B. negative pr

38、efixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesThe prefixes contained in the following words are called _: pseudo-friend, malpractice, mistrust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesThe prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _.

39、 A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesThe prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixesThe prefixes in words bilingual ,uniform and h

40、emisphere are _. A. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes6._ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead.Prefixes of orientation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and order C. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby

41、,afghan and champagne are words coming from _.names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames8. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _.names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames9.Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain_.negative prefixes B. prefixes

42、 of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixesMackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesThe prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C.

43、prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes The prefixes in words anti-government , prostudent and contraflow are _-.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixesUtopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from _.names of

44、books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenamesThe suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _.A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixesThe suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _. A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffi

45、xesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_.17.Compounding , also called _, is the formation

46、 of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _.18. _ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this wa

47、y are called blends or _words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete deno

48、minal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （）D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes （）violinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27.

49、Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood 30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalStudy the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. s

50、tereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics o

51、f compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate -donation emote-emotion (2) loafloafer beg-beggar(3) eavesdrop-eavesdropping bab

52、ysit-babysitter(4) drowsedrowsy laze-lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) Im very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The pho

53、tograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front cl

54、ipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza 34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (

55、See the course book) VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others (4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous

56、 conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (練習(xí)4) I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. A word is the combination of form and _.A. spelling B. writing C. meaning D. denoting_is the result of human cognition, refl

57、ecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. ContextSense denotes the relationships _the language. A. outside B. with C. beyond D. inside4. Most English words can be said to be _. A. non-motivated B. motivated C. connected D. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _motivated wo

58、rd. A. morphologically B. semantically C. onomatopoeically D. etymologicallyHopeless is a _motivated word.A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. etymologicallyIn the sentence He is fond of pen , pen is a _ motivated word. A. morphologically B. onomatopoeically C. semantically D. e

59、tymologicallyWalkman is a _motivated word.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologically C. semantically D. etymologicallyFunctional words possess strong _ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular. A. grammatical meaning B. conceptual meaning C. associative meaning D. arbi

60、trary meaning 10._is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.Stylistic meaning B. Connotative meaning C. Collocative meaning D. Affective meaning 11.Affective meaning indicates the speakers _towards the person or thing in question.