北京四中中考英語(yǔ)沖刺五：任務(wù)型閱讀技巧（基礎(chǔ)講解）(自動(dòng)保存的)

1、PAGEXXX第PAGE 頁(yè)碼7頁(yè)/總NUMPAGES 總頁(yè)數(shù)7頁(yè)Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.中考沖刺五：任務(wù)型閱讀技巧撰稿：郭素清 責(zé)編：白雪雁【真題再現(xiàn)】【2012 浙江衢州市】任務(wù)型閱讀：閱讀短文，完成第15小題。When you stay away from your home for a long time, you start to miss your good old bed, your good old parents. Believe it or not, youre

2、 feeling homesick(想家的). You can help yourself to feel less homesick. Heres how: 1 If youre going away from home, bring your favourite pajamas(睡衣). You can also bring some pictures of the people who you may miss. You can look at them any time you want. 2 The busier you are, the less time youll have t

3、o feel homesick. Spend your free time on music, sports or books. Try to join in activities wherever you are. 3 You can make a plan for when youll call your mum or dad. You can also keep in touch with family and friends by emails or text messages. 4 Sometimes, telling someone that youre feeling a lit

4、tle homesick will help you feel better. Maybe you can tell a friend that you feel homesick and the two of you can do something fun.從A、B、C、D中選擇正確的選項(xiàng)作為文章第25段的小標(biāo)題，并填入第14四個(gè)空格中。1. 2. 3. 4. A. Keep yourself busyB. Tell someone your feelingsC. Stay in touchD. Bring something familiar with you5. Which is th

5、e best title for the passage?A. How to stay away from homeB. How to do something funC. How to feel less homesickD. How to miss your home【2012 湖北隨州市】 任務(wù)型閱讀 The computer has become an important part of peoples lives. It has its own special words. One example is the word mouse. A computer mouse is not

6、a small gray animal. It is a small device(設(shè)備) that you move around on a table in front of a computer. It was called a mouse because it looked like a real mouse with a tail at one end. Using a computer takes some training. People who are experts are sometimes called hackers. A hacker is usually a per

7、son who writes computer programs in a special computer language. But the word hacker is also used to describe a person who tries to steal information from a computer. Another well-known computer word is Google. It is the name of a popular search engine(搜索引擎). People use the search engine to find inf

8、ormation about everything on the Internet. If you Google someone, you might find that persons name on a blog. A blog is a personal diary online. It might contain stories, pictures or songs on it. Some people add information to their blogs every day.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。每空一詞。In formation CardWhat the passage i

9、s aboutComputer 1._How the computer “mouse” got its nameBecause of its 2. _What “Google” isA computer search 3. _How many computers words the passage talks about4. _【答案與解析】【2012 浙江衢州市】任務(wù)型閱讀：閱讀短文，完成第15小題。1.D。本段中兩次出現(xiàn)bring，所以答案為D。2.A。根據(jù)“The busier you are”可知答案。3.C。根據(jù) “You can also keep in touch with fa

10、mily and friends”可知答案。4.B。根據(jù) “telling someone that youre feeling a little homesick will help you feel better.”可知答案。5.C。根據(jù)第一段中 “You can help yourself to feel less homesick. Heres how”可知答案?！?012 湖北隨州市】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。每空一詞。1. words2. shape3. engine4. Four 【用法講解】考試要求：許多省市中考英語(yǔ)試卷出現(xiàn)了一種綜合閱讀理解題型任務(wù)型閱讀。任務(wù)型閱讀是一種主觀性

11、試題，也有人稱(chēng)為“讀后做”，要求考生閱讀短文后在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)一定的判斷、推理、歸納總結(jié)，去完成各種任務(wù)或者解決某種問(wèn)題，這種題型介于閱讀和寫(xiě)作之間，充分考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)完成任務(wù)的能力?？忌枰斫舛涛牟⑶揖邆鋸亩涛牟牧现惺占嘘P(guān)的各種信息，然后加工整理輸出信息的能力。1. 任務(wù)型閱讀的題型：任務(wù)型閱讀主要考查學(xué)生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是對(duì)語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力的考查，考查的題型多樣、命題靈活，可以是翻譯句子，也可以是改寫(xiě)句子、還原句子。還可以是填寫(xiě)表格或回答問(wèn)題。命題人對(duì)試題的難度也易于掌握，可以是單詞拼寫(xiě)這樣較簡(jiǎn)單的題，也可以是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換等中檔題，還可以有歸納主題大意、改寫(xiě)句子等高檔題。

12、近年來(lái)各省中考試題中任務(wù)型閱讀主要題型如下：1）閱讀選擇配對(duì)根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的語(yǔ)言信息找出與題意要求相匹配的選項(xiàng)。這種選擇題和四選一的題目不同,選項(xiàng)可能是句子或圖片，形式可能是段落大意的歸納與段落的連線(xiàn)，但是可能不是一對(duì)一連線(xiàn)，一般都給出多余選項(xiàng)?！咀⒁狻?要認(rèn)真閱讀題干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚題目的前半個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，注意句子與短文的聯(lián)系，切不可只看句子的部分內(nèi)容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配對(duì)失誤。要根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容和作者的意圖去搭配、注意配對(duì)后的句子內(nèi)容完整、與短文的內(nèi)容保持一致。短文的段落主題和段落配對(duì)，要抓住短文段落的要點(diǎn)，要全面理解段落內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系，不能以偏概全。請(qǐng)看下面

13、例題：【2012 河南省】 You may feel comfortable with some people. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half a life. These people have something in common. And once we know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves.How is it done? _1_ If you follow the skills, youll make friends with

14、 people quickly.First of all, good talkers are questions. _2_ One well-know businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. Its a common question, but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to some other questions. And how he answers will let

15、you know how far you can go._3_ This point seems clear, but it isnt. Your question should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.Real listening at least means some things. _4_ If someone sticks to one

16、 topic, it means hes really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones(聲調(diào)) of voice. If the voice sounds boring, then, its time for you to change the subject.Finally, good talkers know well when to say good-bye. Remember to give him a handshake and say, “Iv

17、e really enjoyed meeting you.” _5_ Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if theyve known you half their life.根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容，從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng)，使短文意思通順，內(nèi)容完整，并將其標(biāo)號(hào)填寫(xiě)在下面題號(hào)后的橫線(xiàn)上。A. Almost anyone will answer a question.B. Here are several skills that good talkers have.C. If you wa

18、nt to see that person again, dont keep it a secret.D. First, it means not to change the subject of the conversation.E. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers.1._ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _【答案與解析】1.B。根據(jù)下文所提供的可以遵循的幾條技巧可知，此處應(yīng)表示“好的談話(huà)者擁有的技巧”，故選B。2.A。根據(jù)第三段中的“First of all, good

19、 talkers ask questions.”可知，此處表示“幾乎每個(gè)人都將回答問(wèn)題”，故選A。3.E。根據(jù)上文“First of all”可知，此處列舉了第二規(guī)則，故選E。4.D。根據(jù)下文中的“Real listening also means not just listening to words，”可知，此處表示“首先，它意味著”，故選D。5.C。根據(jù)下文“Let people know what you feel”可知，此處表示“不要保守秘密”，故選C。2) 閱讀短文填空：根據(jù)短文提供的語(yǔ)言信息，以填寫(xiě)詞語(yǔ)的方式完成文后各題，其形式主要有完成句子、補(bǔ)全信息、所給短文的縮寫(xiě)或制定各種規(guī)

20、則等任務(wù)形式。所填的詞或詞組往往具有很高的概括性和準(zhǔn)確性，因此,考生必須認(rèn)真閱讀材料,盡可能地從短文中找到所要填寫(xiě)的詞語(yǔ)或者用其同義詞、近義詞或短語(yǔ)填空、有時(shí)甚至反義詞或短語(yǔ)可能用于與短文中對(duì)應(yīng)句子意思相反的語(yǔ)句中。【注意】閱讀填空一般是原短文的改寫(xiě)，所以必須注意原短文的內(nèi)容、情景和一些關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)照原短文的句子和一些詞匯、短語(yǔ)，然后用同義詞匯、短語(yǔ)來(lái)替換。短文填空要遵循原短文的內(nèi)容和要點(diǎn)，不能脫離原作者的意思亂填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，答案可能不是唯一的。請(qǐng)看下面例題：【2012 貴州銅仁市】閱讀下面短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容每空填寫(xiě)一個(gè)單詞。 Katie Spotz i

21、s a 22-year-old girl form America. She wants to cross the Atlantic Ocean by boat. If she succeeds, shell be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip. Spotz began sailing when she was at university, but she has never tried to sail such a long way before. It will be a great cha

22、llenge for her. In recent years, she has swum all the way down the 325-mile Allegheny River and traveled by bike from Seattle to Washington. Spotz knows that she may see some dangerous things during the trip. It will be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather in the middle of the sea. But she b

23、elieves that she can deal with all the difficulties. “I never thought I could run 26 miles,” she said. “But once I finished it, I realized that maybe I could do something even more difficult.” Spotz wants to collect money by going on this trip. She wants to collect money for an organization called “

24、Blue Planet run”. The organization offers free, safe drinking water to people who need it. Itll take her about three months to finish this trip. Good luck to this brave girl and best wishes to her!The age of Spotz(1)_ years oldThe distance of the trip(2)_ milesA dangerous thing during the trip isthe

25、 (3)_ weatherThe purpose of the tripto collect (4)_for an organizationThe trip will takeAbout (5)_months .【答案與解析】（1）22 （2）2500 （3）bad （4）money （5）3/three（1）根據(jù)短文第一句“Katie Spotz is a 22-year-old girl form America.”可知。 （2）根據(jù)短文第三句“shell be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip

26、.”可知。（3）根據(jù)第三段第二句“It will be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather in the middle of the sea”可知。 （4）根據(jù)第五段的第二句She wants to collect money for an organization called “Blue Planet run”.可知。 （5）根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Itll take her about three months to finish this trip.”可知。3) 閱讀短文改寫(xiě)句子這種題型要求在閱讀材料的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)命題要求,改寫(xiě)文中劃線(xiàn)

27、的句子,或?qū)⑽闹械哪骋粋€(gè)句子譯成英語(yǔ)或者漢語(yǔ)等。這一形式涉及到寫(xiě)，就應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范、拼寫(xiě)無(wú)誤、語(yǔ)法正確等?！咀⒁狻恳J(rèn)真分析短文中劃線(xiàn)句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句，然后根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行句型改寫(xiě)。要注意一些同義詞短語(yǔ)的替換，為改寫(xiě)同義句打好基礎(chǔ)。句子的意思、時(shí)態(tài)不能改變，改變的是句子的不同表達(dá)方式。對(duì)于一些翻譯要注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的不同表達(dá)，切不可按照漢語(yǔ)的思維方式來(lái)翻譯。請(qǐng)看下面例題：【2012湖北恩施】When I was a child, my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers

28、. This was part of a whole list of things I should never do: never accept food or candy from strangers, never get in a car with strangers, and so on.But if we didnt start a conversation with strangers, wed never make new friends. Wed never get a job. We may miss the joy that comes from talking with

29、strangers. And the more people you know, the more chances you can find.The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice.Dont just stare at your shoes. Go and say “Hi” to that new guy. It will be easier to break the ice if you know more about different cultures.British: Beautiful

30、day, isnt it?The weather in Britain is changeable. So, its one of the topics the British care most about. And theres a simple rule: Say “Yes” whether you agree with the persons idea on the weather or not. Thats because the British start a conversation using the weather so that they can continue thei

31、r talk.French: Where did you go on holiday?To talk with a French person, the safest way is to ask about his or her last holiday. French students enjoy a 10-to-15-day holiday every two months. French employees(雇員)get more than six weeks of holidays per year.American: So, where are you from?The US is

32、so big and people move so often that location is always a source(來(lái)源) of talk. You can try to find a connection with the place theyre from. For example, if someones from Los Angeles, you could say, “Oh, I have a friend who studied there.”(1) 將文中處劃線(xiàn)句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。_(2) 將文中處劃線(xiàn)短語(yǔ)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。_(3) 將文中處劃線(xiàn)句子改寫(xiě)成同義句。Thats because the British start a conversation using the weather _ _their talk.(4) What do you usually talk about to start a conversation with a French person?_(5) What is the main idea of the passage?_【答案與解析】我們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)與陌生人交流的快樂(lè)。 miss在此處