08年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬預(yù)測(cè)題_secret

1、08年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬預(yù)測(cè)題Text1 The sun is not growing weaker, yet its light appears to be dimming. Between 1960 and 1990, some scientists believe, the amount of solar radiation reaching Earths surface may have declined as much as 10% and in some places, Hong Kong, for example, more than 35%.What was going on

2、? Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 years over Asia, in particular - with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet even as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere t

3、o warm. The impacts of that tug-of-war on the climate system could be devilishly difficult to untangle. At the same time, no task could be more urgent. For if global pollution has helped keep global warming in check, says Veerabhadran Ramanathan, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Califor

4、nia at San Diego, then the full impact of the buildup of greenhouse gases has yet to be felt. This week, at the American Geophysical Union meeting in Montreal, Ramanathan and others will be presenting the latest data on the solar-dimming problem and pondering its implications for the climate system

5、as a whole.Many scenarios for global warming, for example, invoke a speedup in the hydrological cycle by which water evaporates and then comes down as rain. The cooling produced by solar dimming, however, may slow the rate of evaporation, while higher up in the atmosphere the pollutants responsible

6、for absorbing and reflecting sunlight are likely to interfere with the process that produces rain.Why? These pollutants, which take the form of tiny, airborne particles called aerosols, act as nuclei around which cloud droplets form. The problem is, there are too many aerosols in the atmosphere comp

7、eting for water molecules, so the cloud droplets that form are too small and never become weighty enough to fall to the ground. As a result, says Beate Liepert, an atmospheric physicist at Columbia Universitys Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the atmosphere could be filled with moisture while Earth

8、s surface thirsts for rain.Many questions remain, including the true extent of the dimming. One analysis pegs the average worldwide darkening to be about 4% over three decades, while another computes it to be more than twice that much. There are also questions about the reliability of the devices th

9、at measure the sunlight reaching Earths surface. Known as radiometers, these instruments are nothing more than flat, black solar collectors capped with glass. They are sometimes finicky; a smudge of dirt or a speck of dust can cause bogus readings and change the calculated results.Solar dimming, in

10、other words, is a problem still in the process of being defined, and as its dimensions become clearer, so will the nature of the challenge the world faces. Although scientists have done a lot of thinking about global warming, they are just beginning to grapple with the problem of how global warming

11、and solar dimming interact. As Ramanathan puts it, Its like we have a new gorilla sitting down at the table - and it could turn out to be a very big gorilla indeed.1. By tug-of-war（Line 4, Paragraph 2）, the author means A the different effect of solar dimming and global warmingB the impact of the so

12、lar dimming on the climate systemC the influence of the solar dimming on the global warmingD the interaction between the solar dimming and global warming2. How do the scientists feel about the current climate situation?A SeriousB OptimisticC CarefreeD Panicked3. When mentioning Its like we have a ne

13、w gorilla sitting down at the table（Last Line, Paragraph 6）, the author implies that .A scientists should have a close look at the solar dimming problemB we are facing a new problem which is very complicated and difficult to manageC we are just beginning to have research on this new fieldD the new s

14、olar dimming problem is beyond scientists ability to tackle4. Which of the following cannot serve as a factor of causing the cooling surface of the planet?A The lack of the rain in the earth.B The increasing of the pollutants.C The forming of the cloud droplets.D The less weight of the cloud droplet

15、s.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?A The instruments used in the study are too simple to function well.B Living things in the earth will be greatly influenced by solar dimming.C There is still a long way to go in the study of solar dimming.D The findings that solar dimming has

16、 influence on the surface of the planet are doubtful.答案：D A B A C 題目分析1. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。從句子it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 years - over Asia, in particular - with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet eve

17、n as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm.我們可看出一方面空氣污染物及其形成的云星對(duì)地球表面有一種冷卻作用，另一方面二氧化碳和其它溫室氣體卻促使大氣變暖。這是一種相互作用，一方強(qiáng)，另一方就弱，就像是拔河賽.文章最后一段的一句話They are just beginning to grapple with the problem of how global warming and solar dimming interact.可以進(jìn)一步印證我們的這一判斷。2. 答案

18、為A，屬情感態(tài)度。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是no task could be more urgent.注意含有比較級(jí)的否定式的理解，這句話的意思是This task is the most urgent.從這句話我們可看出氣候?qū)W家們對(duì)待此事的態(tài)度。3. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。文章最后一段的中心思想是：對(duì)太陽(yáng)變暗這一問(wèn)題的研究還只是剛剛開始，還有很多東西我們不了解。然歐以拉曼納森（Ramanathan）的話結(jié)束全文。就此我們可以判斷拉曼納森的話也應(yīng)該是符合這段文章的中心大意的。4答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是it appears that increased air pollution durin

19、g those 30 year - over Asia, in particular - with the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet.這句話的意思是全球特別是亞洲不斷加劇的大氣污染，借助數(shù)量有所增加的云度可能對(duì)整個(gè)地球表面起了一種冷卻作用，而在形成云層的過(guò)程中由于the cloud droplets that form are too small and never become weighty en

20、ough to fall to the ground（所形成的云狀水滴顯得又太小，永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到足以落到地面的重量），所以這些云層無(wú)法變成雨滴落在地面，而是停留在大氣層，從而對(duì)大氣層起到一種冷卻作用。選項(xiàng)A是這種現(xiàn)象所造成的結(jié)果。5答案為C，屬推理判斷題。文章最后一段提出對(duì)太陽(yáng)變暗這一問(wèn)題的研究還只是剛剛開始，還有很多東西我們不了解。由此我們可做出判斷。Text2 Charles Reznikoff （1894-1976） worked relentlessly, never leaving New York but for a brief stay in Hollywood, of all pl

21、aces. He was admired by Pound and Kenneth Burke, and often published his own works; in the Depression era, he managed a treadle printing press in his basement. He wrote three sorts of poems: exceptionally short imagistic lyrics; longer pieces crafted and cobbled from other sources, often from the Ju

22、daic tradition; and book-length poems wrought from the testimony both of Holocaust trials and from the courtrooms of turn-of-the-century America. Two of these full-length volumes were indeed titled Testimony, as was an earlier prose work; it was a word that kept him close company. When asked late in

23、 life to define his poetry, it was not the word he chose.Objectivist, he wrote, naming his longstanding group, and mimicking poetic style with a single prose sentence: images clear but the meaning not stated but suggested by the objective details and the music of the verse; words pithy and plain; wi

24、thout the artifice of regular meters; themes, chiefly Jewish, American, urban. If the sentence sounds hard-won, this is perhaps because it was. Four decades earlier, he wrote in a letter to friends, There is a learned article about my verse in Poetry this month, from which I learn that I am an objec

25、tivist. The learned fellow was Louis Zukofsky, brilliant eminence of the Objectivists, with whom I disagree as to both form and content of verse, but to whom I am obliged for placing some of my things here and there. So read Reznikoffs conclusion in 1931, with its fillip of polite resentment.Movemen

26、ts and schools are arbitrary and immaterial things by which poetic history is told. This must have rankled Reznikoff, who spent his writing life tracing the material and the necessary.Born a child of immigrants in Brooklyn in 1894, he was in journalism school at 16, took a law degree at 21. Though h

27、e was little interested in legal practice, the ideas would be near the heart of his writing. Ideal poetic language, he wrote, is restricted almost to the testimony of a witness in a court of law. If this suggests a congenital optimism about the law, it made for astonishingly care-filled poetry. Rezn

28、ikoff is unsurpassed in conveying the sense that the world is worth getting right. Not the glorious or the damaged world, but the world that is everything that is the case. Reznikoffs faith in the facts of the case takes on an intensity no less social than spiritual, no greater when surveying the Ol

29、d Testament than New York. This collection gathers all his poems （but for those already book-length） by the technique of compressing onto single pages as many as five or six at a time. This can lessen the force; each is a sort of American haiku, though no more impressionistic than a hand-operated pr

30、inting press. One such, numbered 69 in the volume Jerusalem the Golden, runs in its length: Among the heaps of brick and plaster lies / a girder, still itself among the rubbish. This exemplary couplet is sometimes taken to represent Reznikoffs poetry itself, immutable and certain amid the transitory

31、.6. By saying it was a word that kept him close company （8th line, 1st para.）, the author implies .A Charles Reznikoff always wrote works about testimony.B Charles Reznikoff was always involved in the testimony affairs.C Charles Reznikoff liked to write testimony.D Charles Reznikoff is a busy lawyer

32、.7. Reznikoffs attitude to the fact that he was grouped as objectivist is .A approvalB indifferenceC oppositionD suspicion8. The word rankled （2nd line, 3rd para.） probably means .A interestedB AngeredC PleasedD Consoled9. We can learn from the 4th paragraph that .A Reznikoff liked to learn law.B Re

33、znikoff was more interested in spiritual world than in social world.C It is astonishing that Reznikoff wrote care-filled poetry.D Reznikoff was greatly influenced by his legal experience in his poetry writing.10. By citing the poem in the last paragraph, the author intends to .A show that the force

34、is lessoned in this wayB show that the poem is not impressionisticC show that the poem is immutableD show that the poem is compressed答案：A C B D D 題目分析6答案為A，屬推理判斷題。原句是Two of these full-length volumes were indeed titled Testimony, as was an earlier prose work; it was a word that kept him close company

35、.長(zhǎng)篇中的兩篇題目就是證詞，早些的散文作品也是，這個(gè)詞一直伴隨他左右。從這句話前面對(duì)他作品的介紹也可以看出，這些長(zhǎng)篇詩(shī)歌是來(lái)源于一些證詞的，這就是為什么他一直和證詞有關(guān)的原因，也就是為什么這個(gè)詞一直和他有關(guān)。答案A：查爾斯經(jīng)常寫一些和證詞有關(guān)的作品，答案B：查爾斯經(jīng)常被卷入證詞事件中，答案C：查爾斯喜歡寫證詞，答案D：查爾斯是個(gè)忙碌的律師，四個(gè)答案中最符合的是A.7答案為C，屬推理判斷題。Reznikoff對(duì)待他被歸為客觀主義流派的態(tài)度可以追溯文章中談到客觀主義部分。文章第二段提到他被看作是客觀主義流派，對(duì)此他的態(tài)度可以從他的話語(yǔ)中看出，The learned fellow was Louis

36、 Zukofsky, brilliant eminence of the Objectivists, with whom I disagree as to both form and content of verse, but to whom I am obliged for placing some of my things here and there.從disagree一詞中就可以看出他對(duì)這種評(píng)價(jià)持反對(duì)態(tài)度，后面提到So read Reznikoffs conclusion in 1931, with its fillip of polite resentment.從resentment

37、也可以得出這個(gè)結(jié)論，因此答案該選C.8答案為B，屬猜詞題。該詞所在原句是This must have rankled Reznikoff, who spent his writing life tracing the material and the necessary.這一定Reznikoff，他的寫作生涯主要就是描述物質(zhì)的和必然的東西。這句話還需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)看，上文提到運(yùn)動(dòng)和流派是講述詩(shī)歌歷史的隨意、非物質(zhì)的東西，而上一段提到Reznikoff對(duì)于被歸為客觀主義流派不滿，可以提到他對(duì)此持否定態(tài)度，因此答案中A使感興趣，答案B激怒，答案C使高興，答案D安慰，其中B最符合邏輯。9答案為D，屬

38、推理判斷題。第四段主要講述了Reznikoff青年學(xué)習(xí)法律，以及他詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作中法律的作用。下面逐一分析答案，答案AReznikoff喜歡學(xué)習(xí)法律：從第四段he was little interested in legal practice可以看出他對(duì)此并不熱衷，該選項(xiàng)不符合原文；答案BReznikoff更加喜歡精神世界：從第四段Reznikoffs faith in the facts of the case takes on an intensity no less social than spiritual可以看出，他對(duì)社會(huì)方面的熱衷不比精神世界差，因此該選項(xiàng)不符合原文；答案CRezniko

39、ff能寫出充滿關(guān)切的詩(shī)歌來(lái)令人驚訝：文章提到If this suggests a congenital optimism about the law, it made for astonishingly care-filled poetry.（如果這暗示著對(duì)法律天生的樂(lè)觀的話，這種天賦正是為了令人驚訝的充滿關(guān)切詩(shī)歌而有的。）雖然提到令人驚訝，但不是說(shuō)他可以寫出詩(shī)歌令人驚訝，因此也不符合原文；答案DReznikoff的詩(shī)歌寫作很大程度上受其法律經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響。：其實(shí)整個(gè)段落講述了他雖然年青時(shí)代不熱衷法律，但是在其寫作中處處有法律的影響，因此答案D是符合原文的答案。10答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章最后

40、一段剛開始講的是詩(shī)集將五六首詩(shī)壓縮在一頁(yè)上，這樣會(huì)削弱力量，盡管不是那么會(huì)留下深刻印象，但每首詩(shī)都是一種美國(guó)式俳句，這之后就說(shuō)到One such, numbered 60 in the volume Jerusalem the Golden, runs in its length有這么一首詩(shī)就是這么樣的長(zhǎng)度，因此可以看出，列出這首詩(shī)還是為了說(shuō)明壓縮詩(shī)后很短，因此答案為D.Text3William Shakespeare described old age as second childishness - sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste. In the cas

41、e of taste he may, musically speaking, have been even more perceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers Disease in Brescia, Italy, shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires

42、in ways that suggest a regression, if not to infancy, then at least to a patients teens.Frontotemporal dementia is caused, as its name suggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such higher functions as abstract thinking and judgement.

43、Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated with Alzheimers disease, a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and amygdale in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than patients; it has seen only 46 with frontot

44、emporal dementia.Two of those patient interested Dr. Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia a diagnosis that was confirmed by brain scanning.About two years after

45、 he was first diagnosed the lawyers, once a classical music lover who referred to pop music as mere noise, started listening to the Italian pop band 883. As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for

46、 many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyers love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was listening to.This kind of change in musical t

47、aste was not seen in any of the Alzheimers patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-demetia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities known. And in another lapse o

48、f musical taste, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.Dr. Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the b

49、rains right frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that

50、is a gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr. Frisoni puts it in his article, de gustibus non disputandum est. Or, in plainer words, there is no accounting for taste.11. For Shakespeare, old age as second childishness for they have the same .A favoriteB memoryC experienceD sense12. Which one is

51、not a symptom of Frontotemporal dementia?A the loss of memoryB the loss of judgementC the loss of abstract thinkingD the loss of speech13. From the two patients mentioned in the passage, it can be concluded that .A their command of language has deterioratedB their emotional attachments to friends an

52、d family are being lostC the Frontotemporal dementia can bring new giftsD Frontotemporal dementia can cause patients to change their musical tastes.14. The novel in the last paragraph means .A historicalB specialC story-likeD strange15. From the passage, it can be inferred that .A the damage of the

53、left frontal lobe may affect some specific neural circuitB the lawyer patient has the left frontal lobe damagedC the damage of the left frontal lobe decreased the appreciation certain kinds of musicD every patient has the same taste答案：D A D D B 題目分析11答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第一句莎士比亞把老年人比作人生第二個(gè)幼年期，緊接著后面sans tee

54、ch, sans eyes, sans taste是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的，sans不知道是什么意思，但可以推斷老人和嬰兒在牙齒、眼睛、味覺(jué)方面的特點(diǎn)就是在這些方面都不敏感，（sans是法語(yǔ)，意思是沒(méi)有）那么答案中A愛(ài)好、B記憶、C經(jīng)歷、D感覺(jué)，根據(jù)原文應(yīng)該是D，因牙齒、眼睛、味覺(jué)都和感官有關(guān)。12答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段腦周損傷癡呆顧名思義腦前和腦周受到破壞。它會(huì)影響語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力、抽象思維能力和判斷能力，因此答案中只有A喪失記憶是文章沒(méi)有提到的。13答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第五段中提到這種對(duì)音樂(lè)品味的變化在Alzheimers病人中是看不到的。它好像是腦周癡呆病人特有的癥狀。而且文中提到的

55、這兩個(gè)人都是在愛(ài)好的音樂(lè)類型上發(fā)生了變化，所以答案中A駕馭語(yǔ)言的能力衰退、B對(duì)朋友和家人的感情疏遠(yuǎn)、C腦周癡呆可能會(huì)對(duì)病人引發(fā)出新的興趣和天分、D癡呆可使病人在音樂(lè)品味上有變化，答案D最為切合。雖然第五段也提到了這種病可以讓人產(chǎn)生新的天分，但是其他的研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的。14答案為D，屬猜詞題。最后一段Frisoni論述到疾病使人對(duì)新鮮事物產(chǎn)生興趣Apredominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experie

56、nce.答案A歷史的、B特別的、C特殊的、故事般的、D新奇的、稀奇的，這四個(gè)答案中D最為符合。15答案為B，屬推理判斷題。文章最后一段解釋了為什么病人會(huì)對(duì)一些新奇的經(jīng)驗(yàn)有新的態(tài)度。Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brains right frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead

57、to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music.研究表明，大腦的右前體控制人追求稀奇事務(wù)的作為。一旦左前體受損，右前腦體作用突出，隨即引發(fā)人對(duì)新事物的興趣?；蛘哒f(shuō)，這種損傷會(huì)影響用來(lái)欣賞某種音樂(lè)的特殊神經(jīng)電路。答案A左半腦體受損影響一些特殊神經(jīng)電路，根據(jù)文章有兩種可能，這一點(diǎn)不能確定；答案B那位律師病人的左前腦體受損了，律師對(duì)音樂(lè)的喜

58、好發(fā)生了變化，這證明了是左前腦體受損了；答案C左半腦體受損能減少對(duì)音樂(lè)的喜好，文中只提到會(huì)影響，至于是增加還是減少對(duì)音樂(lè)的喜還就不一定了；答案D每個(gè)病人有不同樣的品味，從文章最后一句可以看出，每個(gè)人品味是不同的。Text4Compared with the glamorous thrill of the presidential primary, state elections in New Hampshire do not grip the voter - all those unfamiliar names, way down at the end of the ballot. That,

59、 at least, is the current explanation of how Tom Alciere managed to get elected to the state legislature last November. After an uneventful campaign of hand-shaking and sign-waving, this Republican from Nashua, who had lost several previous bids for office, won a seat by 55 votes. Whereupon his cons

60、tituents learned that he was an advocate of killing policemen.Mr. Alciere had not tried to conceal this. He posted vigorous notes on Internet discussion boards; one, in October, declared that nobody will ever be safe until the last cop is dead. He often joined in radio talk-shows, sometimes describi