2021屆人教版高三英語課件：語法虛擬語氣

1、Subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣1. 虛擬語氣用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事實的觀念。2. 虛擬條件從句中的條件是假設(shè)的，因此主句的結(jié)論也只能是想象的，非事實的。用于if 引導(dǎo)的非真實條件句01名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣其他情況0203虛擬語氣的使用場合與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反條件句的省略與倒裝主語從句中的虛擬語氣賓語從句中的虛擬語氣同位語從句中的虛擬語氣條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來V+ ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原)would/could/should/might+have+p

2、.p.1. V. + ed.2. should+ V.(原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.(原)一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法如果我有一億美金，我就去買輛豪車。If I had one hundred million dollars, I would buy a fancy car.1.1與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣If you had listened to me even a little bit,you would not have been in such a trouble.如果你聽了我一點點的話，你就不會遇到這樣的麻煩了。 1.2

3、與過去事實相反：表示慶幸，遺憾，惋惜If I should go to the moon tomorrow,I might take some pictures and send them to you.如果我明天就跑到月亮上的話，我就拍些照片，然后發(fā)給你。1.3與將來事實相反1. 如果你早來5分鐘,你就趕上這趟車了。If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus.2. 如果我現(xiàn)在不忙,我就來幫你了。If I _ not busy, I _ you now.3. 如果明天下雪了,我們怎么辦？What _ we do if it _tomorr

4、ow?had gotwerewould helpshouldwere to snowwould have caughtIf I _ busy last night,I _ to see thefilm with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwo

5、uld have telephoned1.4 as if /though + 從句 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.He opened his mouth as if he would say something他張開嘴好像要說什么。1、如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用“一般過去時”。2、從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。3、從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“wouldcouldmight動

6、詞原形”。 他們就像朋友一樣交談。They talked as if they were friends for years. 她看起來好像年輕了十歲。She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起來似乎是冰做的。She looked as if she were made of ice.as if/though后的從句一定要虛擬語氣么？It looks as if she is in love again. 看上去她又墜入情網(wǎng)了。It seems as if we shall have to walk. 故：as if 從句所表達的內(nèi)容被看做是

7、事實，或是有可能是真的，就要用陳述語氣。It looks as if it is going to rain.1.5 虛擬語氣的倒裝Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. 要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)。Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. 要不是這場雨，這些莊家就會死。= But for your help= Without your help 如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有were, had和should時,

8、可省略if, 把were, had和should放到從句主語前面去, 多見于面語。要是沒有你的幫助，我就失敗了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed.Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. If it had not been for your help,Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. If it were not for the rain，If it were

9、not for 要不是If it had not been for 要不是Ive discovered I possessed a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my open to being trying new opportunities.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我擁有很多不同的天賦和技能，如果不是因為我對嘗試新機會的開放心態(tài)，我永遠都不會想到我會擁有這些天賦和技能。 假如你處在我的地位，你也會這樣干的。 Were

10、 you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他們進攻我們，我們就把他們徹底 消滅干凈。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 1.6 混合時間的虛擬條件句A: I dont like my mother-in-law!B: 聽著，難道你沒意識到?jīng)]有你岳母，就沒有你現(xiàn)在的老婆 Liten, dont you realized that you couldnt have your wife, if it hadnt been your mother-in-law.A: Yes，th

11、ats why I dont like her.從句在過去主句在現(xiàn)在Life is not based on ifs!如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當時就不會打破那杯子。 If I were you, I would not have broken the glass. 2.1虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法

12、 wish1. wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在: 過去時(were)過去: 過去完成時(had done)未來: would/could/+V.(原) I wish I were married!I wish I had said that word to her that I still loved her.I wish we could get back together again! 我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇見他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。I w

13、ish I would be a scientist.I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming.我希望我跟姚明一樣高I wish I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.撐死我了，真希望自己沒吃那么多的西瓜(especially BrE, formal) to want to do sth; to want sth to happen 希望(做某事)；想要(某事發(fā)生):2.1.1 wish 的其他用法My friends wished me well in my new job. 我的朋友們祝我新工作順利。I couldnt wish for

14、 a better husband.We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! We wish them every happiness in their new home. 2. would rather that現(xiàn)在:過去:未來: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時2.2 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法（would rather that）

15、場景：潑皮王二又過來找老板賒賬，從來就沒還過。王二：老板，來個哈嘍kitty 公仔！明天給錢你??！老板：（滿臉堆笑）好好好！ （內(nèi)心：我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就把錢給了！） I would rather you paid me now. 場景：老王小舅子過來找老王，但是這個星期他超忙，沒時間招待他。所以他說：我寧愿你上周來。（上周來，與過去事實相反） I would rather you had visited me last week. 后來一想，不對，上周被老婆罰跪搓衣板，要是真上周來豈不太尷尬。所以老王又改口說：我寧愿你下周來。 I would rather you came to visit me

16、 next week !表示要求、命令、建議的虛擬語氣。使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。常見動詞: 一個堅持，兩個命令， 三個建議，四個要求。即1) insist 2) order, command 3) advise, suggest, propose4) demand, require, request, ask2.3 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法 suggest，etc判斷句子正誤His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是滿意的。Her pale face suggested that she was s

17、eriously ill, and her parents suggested that she go to see the doctor. 她蒼白的臉色顯示她病得很厲害，因此她父母建議她去看醫(yī)生。The thief insisted that he had not stolen anything from the supermarket, but the manager insisted that he be sent to the police station. 小偷堅持說他沒有從超市偷任何東西，但超市經(jīng)理卻堅決主張把他送到警察局。suggest, 建議 suggest，暗示、表明insi

18、st 堅決要求某人做某事 insist 堅持說 虛擬虛擬1) The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2) He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上動詞相應(yīng)的

19、名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣，從句中的動詞形式為(should) + 動詞原形order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 我們該去睡覺了。你該走了Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.4. Its (about/high) time +that過去時(were)should(不省) +V.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.

20、 2.4 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法“是時候干啥事兒咯”6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句, 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即 (should) +動詞原形我們掌握一門外語是非常重要的。It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.2.5 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法“it is+adj+that句型”很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會。 It is strange that she refuse to come

21、to the party. 我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Its necessary that we should study hard.If only I were a flying bird!= How I wish I were a flying bird!要是我看過那部電影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!3.1 虛擬語氣用于If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中“要是就好了”He took his raincoat with himin case it should rain.=He took his rai

22、ncoat with him for fear that it should rain. 他帶上了雨衣, 以防下雨.3.2 in case, for fear that “以防, 以免”1. _ he come, the problem would be settled. A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live at all. A. were it not for the sun B. if it was for the sun C. had it not been for the sun D. if it shou

23、ldnt be for the sun ExercisesB A 3. _, everything would have been all right. A. He had been here B. Here he had been C. Been here he had D. Had he been here D If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious.A. wou

24、ldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenA 如果你采納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生，四年后就會大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four yea

25、rs time._ she a man, she might be elected president.A. If were B. Were C. Be D. IsB 將條件改成省略形式：If I had time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Had I time, I would come.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等詞隱含某種

26、假設(shè)。I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C. would have visited D. should visitC 沒有你的幫助，我們就不會實驗成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是這場雨，我們就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 常見的幾種固定句式。如 If only, insist, s

27、uggest 及Its time/necessary/important that 從句等等。If only I _to my parents advice!A. listeningB. listen C. am listening D. had listenedHis silence at the meeting suggested that he _to your plan.A. shouldnt agreeB. wouldnt agreeC. hadnt agreed D. didnt agreeD D The old professor gave orders that the exp

28、eriment _ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finishedIts high time he _home.A. goes B. wentC. will go D. is going to goEven if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.A. was B. were C. be D. is C B B The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. ra

29、ins C. rained D. is rained解析: 真實條件句主句為將來時, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 B Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防隊). will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed Quiz I: Multiple choice. were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk2. I _ you some

30、money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent3. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? 4. Are you thinking about going to Hangzhou for the vacation? No, but if I _ time, I _ very glad to go th

31、ere.A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be5. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she _ earlier, we _ her to the party then. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take1. 要是你準備功課再仔細一點的話, 你就能通過考試了。 If you ha

32、d prepared your lessons more carefully, you could have passed the exam.2. 要是那場颶風(fēng)發(fā)生在晚上的話, 將會有更多的人死亡。 If that hurricane had happened at night, there would have been more deaths.Quiz II: Translation. 3. I wish I _ (和你在一起) yesterday.4. _ _ (如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.5. I might have made the speech _ _ (如果我的話沒被別人打斷的話).had been with youIf he had booked tickets in the way I told him if I had not been inter