臨床醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件：Part 3 Characteristics of Medical Terms

1、Part 3Characteristics of Medical TermsCharacteristics of Medical Terms Pronunciation of Medical termsPlural Forms of Medical TermsSynonymous Phenomenon of Medical TermsPronunciation of Medical terms medical terms: difficult to pronounce partly attributed to the large number of borrowed wordse.g. cho

2、lecystectomy 7kClisis5tektEmi,7kEuli-Pronunciation of VowelsPronunciation of vowels in stressed syllablesPronunciation of vowels in unstressed syllables vow-elpronunciationopen syllableclosed syllablepronunciation examplepronunciation examplea/eI /face /feIs/A/abdomen/AbdEmEn/e/i:/gene /i:n/e/vessel

3、 /vesEl/i/aI/spine /spaIn/i/skin /skin/o/EJ/nose /nEJz/C/bronchus/brCNkEs/u/ ju:/immune/imju:n/Q/lung /lQN/u:/flu /flu:/y/ aI /eye /aI/i/lymph /limf/ pronunciation of vowels in stressed syllables pronunciation of vowels in unstressed syllables a, o, u : /E/ i, y : /i/ e : /E/ or /i/ acid /Asid/ immu

4、nity /imju:niti/ colony /kClEni/, bacillus /bEsilEs/. an exception to the rules: bronchitis /brCNkaItis/ immunology /imju:nClEi/Pronunciation of Some Individual letters c: k before a, o, u, cardiac 5kB:diAk carcinoma 7kB:si5nEumE leucocyte 5lju:kE7saitPronunciation of Some Individual letters c: s be

5、fore e, i, y paracentesis 7pArEsEn5ti:sis穿刺術(shù) placenta plE5sentE pregnancy5prenEnsi emergencyPronunciation of Some Individual lettersg ：g before a, o, u gastral AstrEl antagonism An5tAEnizEm 對(duì)抗作用 anticoagulant 5AntikEu5AjulEnt 抗凝(血)劑Pronunciation of Some Individual letters g ： dV before e, i, y emerg

6、ency analgesia 7AnAl5dVi:zjE 痛覺(jué)缺失Pronunciation of Some Individual lettersInitial x : z xacorin 5zAkErin 茶堿膽堿 xanthocyanopsia 7zAnWEu7saiE5nCpsiE 紅綠色盲, 黃藍(lán)視癥in other places: ks anthrax 5AnWrAks 炭疽熱 axilla Ak5silE (掖窩) Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ch, ph and rh are three consonant combi

7、nations. They appear in a word as a unit and their pronunciations seem to have nothing to do with individual constant. Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ch ： tF choke chestPronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ch ： k stomach chromosome5krEumEsEum 染色體 cholecystectomy 7kClisis5tektEm

8、i, 7kEuli- 膽囊切除術(shù)ch : tF or k catechin 5kAtitFin, -kin兒茶酚. Pronunciation of Some Consonant combinations ph usually f pheromone 5ferEmEun信息素 pheron 5ferCn 酶蛋白 phasePronunciation of Some Consonant combinations rh r rhabdomyolysis9rAbdEJmaIEJlIsIs 橫紋肌溶解 rhabdovirusrAbdEJ9vaIErEs,9rAbdEJv-棒狀病毒, rhinal 5r

9、ainl rhinitis rai5naitis Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants At the beginning of a word, the first consonant of double constants, including cn, gn, mn, pn, ps, and pt, is silent. However, the two consonants are pronounced if the pair appear in the middle of a word.Pronunciation of Some Double Co

10、nsonants Initial cn : n cnidoblast naIdEJblB:st 刺細(xì)胞cn in the middle: kn gastrocnemius 7AstrCk5ni:miEs 腓腸肌Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants gn : n gnarl 節(jié)，瘤 gnathal 5nAWEl 顎的, 頜的 but in the middle of a word ： n prognosis prC5nEusis Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants mn : n mneme ni:mI記憶力in

11、 the middle of a word ： mn amnesia Am5ni:zjE.健忘癥Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants pn ：n pneodynamics 7ni:Eu7dai5nAmiks 呼吸動(dòng)力學(xué) pneumoniain the middle of a word ：pn apnea Ap5ni:EPronunciation of Some Double Consonants ps ：s psicaine 5saikein 賽卡因, psychalgia 7sai5kAldViE 精神性痛 pseudo 假的in the middl

12、e of a word ：ps apselaphesia 7ApselE5fi:ziE 觸覺(jué)缺失.Pronunciation of Some Double Consonants pt ：t ptyalin 5taiElin 唾液淀粉酶 ptoma 5tEumE 尸體 ptomatopsy 7tEumE5tCpsi 尸體剖檢pt hemoptysishi5mCptisis 咳血, 咯血. Pronunciation of SomeRules of stressed syllables Monosyllabic words automatically take stressFor most dis

13、yllable nouns, stress is on the first syllables e.g. caput keipt phosphatefsfeitFor the polysyllables, main stress falls on the antepenultimate (the 3rd syllable of a word counting back from the end) syllable e.g. pathogenesis 7 pWdenisis metabolism mtblism paralysis prlisis Pronunciation of SomeRul

14、es of stressed syllablesExceptions: main stress falls on the penultimate (the 2nd syllable of a word counting back from the end) syllable if it has a long vowel and a diphthong e.g. magnesium mni:zjm epidermis7epid:mis Plural Forms of Medical Termsinvariably singular, especially nouns denoting disea

15、ses, even though some of them end with s such as hemophilia arrhythmia adenitis appendicitis arthritis bronchitis diabetes hepatitis measles mumps rickets shinglesThe Plural forms of some medical wordsSome medical words may have only the irregular plural forms, for example, bacillus bacilli, ovum ov

16、a, some may have only the regular forms, for example, virus viruses, antibody antibodies, electron electrons. Some medical words may have both the regular plural forms and the irregular peural forms, for example, vertebra vertebras and vertebrae, matrix matrixes and matrices, sarcoma sarcomas and sa

17、rcomata， glottis glottises and glottides, thorax thoraxes and thoraces. The irregular forms are generally used in formal style, while the regular ones are frequently used in daily medical English, especially in spoken English. Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms different origins Old English, Lat

18、in, Greek, French and other languagesOne result： different elements, or even words are used to refer to the same concept, thing or idea. Overlapping in reference is very common in medical terminology. Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms 一詞多式（常見(jiàn)的是一詞三式） Referent English Latin root Greek root of the body parts 體 body