2020—2021學(xué)年人教版高一英語(yǔ)《語(yǔ)法講解》課件

1、 unit 1 Women of achivemen語(yǔ)法講解 Useful structures語(yǔ)法詳解： 所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間,即主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。xyh主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：一、語(yǔ)法一致原則1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況： 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 eg. He and she _both students of this school. xyhare但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。 eg : The k

2、nife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 注： (表示一種事物) Salt and water鹽水 needle and thread 針線 bread and butter 黃油面包 有and 連接的單數(shù)并列主語(yǔ)前有no ,each,every ,many a 修飾后用單數(shù) eg: 1. no boy and no girl like the book 2.each boy and each girl here is cleverajyis 2. 如果主語(yǔ)是單個(gè)不定式, 動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。eg. When he is coming

3、 seems very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來看起來很重要 eg. Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 3. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, rather than ,like, without, except, but, including 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)看這些詞前的主語(yǔ) （就遠(yuǎn)原則）eg. The teacher together with his students is planting trees in the street. his paren

4、ts as well as he are going to take a trip . hhy 4.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行 詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 eg. Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom ,who is your friend, should help you. he is one of my friends who are fond of music 二、就近原則1. either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or 在

5、句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候在或there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 lzq三、概念一致原則所謂概念一致原則是指 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。例如：有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù) 1.集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有 public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。eg. His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥?His family _

6、all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?。ftjisare2.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) eg. 1.thirty years is not long in history 2. 5,000 kilometres is a long distance 3.某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)它們被a pair of 修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 eg. The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out.5.某些

7、名詞以 s 結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 eg. Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 czy6.不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如 someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothingeg. Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。7.

8、 a number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以the number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。8. 表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后, 名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但是其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.9. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致。pyh練習(xí)： Have you heard that Johnes, along with her parents,_ to Hainan for the winter vacation? Really? No wonder I havent seen her these days. A.has been B.have been C.has gone D.have gone _your brother or you to blame for the