化學(xué)工程與工藝畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文(共15頁(yè))

1、PAGE PAGE 15寶雞(bo j)文理學(xué)院化學(xué)化工系畢業(yè)論文(b y ln wn)題目:金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的溶解行為學(xué)生姓名陳洋（200792054023）指導(dǎo)教師李宗孝（教授）班 級(jí)2007級(jí)化學(xué)1班專 業(yè)化學(xué)工程與工藝學(xué) 院寶雞文理學(xué)院2011年5月18日目 錄 TOC o 1-2 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc262582823 摘 要1 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582827 1.前言(qin yn)1 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582828 1.1 金雀花堿的性質(zhì)(xngzh)和作用1 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582829

2、1.2 生理鹽水(shnglynshu)的性質(zhì)及用途2 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582830 1.3 金雀花堿的研究進(jìn)展2 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582831 1.4 金雀花堿的發(fā)展前景2 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582832 2. 實(shí)驗(yàn)3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582833 2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582834 2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備及儀器3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582835 2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582836 3. 結(jié)果及討論3 HYPERLINK

3、l _Toc262582837 3.1 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的熱力學(xué)溶解行為3 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582838 3.2 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解的動(dòng)力學(xué)過(guò)程5 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582839 3.3 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解的熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)處理。12 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582840 3.4結(jié)論 PAGEREF _Toc262582840 h 12 HYPERLINK l _Toc262582841 參考文獻(xiàn) PAGEREF _Toc262582841 h 13金雀花堿在生理鹽水(shnglynshu)中的溶解(rngji)行為陳洋 交稿日

4、期：2011-5-18. 指導(dǎo)教師：李宗孝作者簡(jiǎn)介：陳洋（1988-06-01），男，陜西省韓城人，化學(xué)化工系11屆畢業(yè)生。（寶雞(bo j)文理學(xué)院 化學(xué)化工系 陜西 寶雞 721007）摘 要：在常壓及298.15K的條件下，用微熱量熱法測(cè)定了金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的溶解焓，得到了金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的微分溶解熱和積分溶解熱。建立了熱量與溶質(zhì)的濃度之間的關(guān)系式，得到了金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。通過(guò)對(duì)金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解行為的研究，可以為金雀花堿日后在臨床上的應(yīng)用提供相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)參考。關(guān)鍵詞：動(dòng)力學(xué)； 溶解； 金雀花堿；生理鹽水。. 前言. 金雀花堿的性質(zhì)和作用金雀花堿： H

5、YPERLINK /image/d5462bfac93fe4979f514635 o 查看圖片 t _blank 【英文名稱】: Cytisine 【別名】：司巴丁，野靛堿，金雀花酮堿，烏樂(lè)堿；分子式C11H14N2O；分子質(zhì)量190.24 ；【CAS】485-35-8；性狀斜方棱柱黃白色粉末,含量99%。 臨床用金雀花堿0. 15%水溶液供肌肉或靜脈注射，搶救因手術(shù)和各種創(chuàng)傷引起的反射性呼吸暫停、休克和新生兒窒息等。近期研究表明，該類生物堿還具有抗心率失常、抗微生物感染、抗?jié)?、升高白?xì)胞等多方面的藥理作用，特別是該類化合物較強(qiáng)的抗癌活性。可用于生產(chǎn)戒煙藥、急救藥、止咳藥。.生理鹽水(shn

6、glynshu)的性質(zhì)(xngzh)及用途生理(shngl)鹽水，是指生理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)或臨床上常用的滲透壓與動(dòng)物或人體血漿的滲透壓相等的氯化鈉溶液。濃度:用于兩棲類動(dòng)物時(shí)是0.670.70，用于哺乳類動(dòng)物和人體時(shí)是0.850.9人們平常點(diǎn)滴用的氯化鈉注射液濃度是0.9%,可以當(dāng)成生理鹽水來(lái)使用。因?yàn)樗臐B透壓值和正常人的血漿、組織液都是大致一樣的，所以可以用作補(bǔ)液（不會(huì)降低和增加正常人體內(nèi)鈉離子濃度）以及其他醫(yī)療用途，也常用作體外培養(yǎng)活組織、細(xì)胞。能夠避免細(xì)胞破裂，它的滲透壓和細(xì)胞外的一樣，所以不會(huì)讓細(xì)胞脫水或者過(guò)度吸水，所以各種醫(yī)療操作中需要用液體的地方很多都用它，人體細(xì)胞生活中所處液體環(huán)境的濃度

7、。為糾正脫水、酸中毒，臨床常將不同液體按比例配成混合液應(yīng)用。.金雀花堿類的研究進(jìn)展金雀花堿類是指分子中有吡啶酮環(huán)的三環(huán)或者四環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的喹喏里西啶類生物堿化合物，主要包括三環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的金雀花堿、N甲基金雀花堿、和四環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的臭豆堿等，大多分布于豆科植物中。野生植物披針葉黃華的種子及全草中含有大量此類生物堿，其極強(qiáng)的生物活性從上世紀(jì)70年代就引起了人們關(guān)注。臨床用金雀花堿0.15%水溶液供肌肉或靜脈注射,搶救因手術(shù)和各種創(chuàng)傷引起的反射性呼吸暫停、休克和新生兒窒息等。近期研究表明,該類生物堿還具有抗心率失常、抗微生物感染、抗?jié)儭⑸甙准?xì)胞等多方面的藥理作用,特別是該類化合物較強(qiáng)的抗癌活性。披針葉黃華中,金

8、雀花堿的提取方法大都采用溫浸法和熱回流法,用超聲提取法未見文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道。為此,通過(guò)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)法考察影響乙醇超聲提取此類生物堿的主要因素,優(yōu)化提取工藝條件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)披針葉黃華種子、莖葉、根、花等不同部位的金雀花堿類生物堿的含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定。14金雀花堿的發(fā)展前景藥用植物在醫(yī)藥中占有重要地位，其資源的保護(hù)和開發(fā)利用將進(jìn)一步受到重視。植物化學(xué)分類方法的進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用有利于尋找和擴(kuò)大藥用植物的新資源。在現(xiàn)有人工選種和雜交育種的基礎(chǔ)上，單倍體、多倍體、細(xì)胞雜交、輻射等育種方法將在培育新品種方面起更大作用。組織培養(yǎng)為藥用植物的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)提供了新的途徑，并可作為新的生物活性物質(zhì)的來(lái)源。 此外，藥理篩選與植物化學(xué)相結(jié)

9、合的方法的應(yīng)用，將為研究不同藥用植物類群在成分(chng fn)和療效方面的差異，以及擴(kuò)大范圍尋找有效藥物、探求藥用植物內(nèi)在質(zhì)量和進(jìn)行藥用植物綜合研究等開辟新的領(lǐng)域。綜上所述,目前(mqin)對(duì)金雀花堿藥理(yol)活性和醫(yī)用活性等多方面都開展了大量的研究工作,尤其是近年來(lái)對(duì)其醫(yī)用抗癌作用的研究已表現(xiàn)出一定的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)。這些都為其進(jìn)一步開發(fā)利用奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。2. 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑金雀花堿（99%） 生理鹽水（化學(xué)純）2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備及儀器微熱量熱儀（RD 496-2000） 電子天平（AB 135-s）2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法在常壓及303.15K的條件下，分別取質(zhì)量為11.90mg、20.54

10、mg、26.19mg、30.02mg、36.32mg、43.35mg的金雀花堿溶解在相同體積（1.5ml）的生理鹽水中。用RD 496-2000微熱量熱器測(cè)出它們的溶解熱。3. 結(jié)果及討論3.1 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的熱力學(xué)溶解行為由2.3中的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法可得出金雀花堿在生理鹽水中的整個(gè)溶解過(guò)程的曲線圖（圖1），它的溶解是一個(gè)吸熱的過(guò)程。圖1 金雀花堿在生理鹽水(shnglynshu)中整個(gè)(zhngg)溶解(rngji)過(guò)程的熱量變化速率金雀花堿在1.5ml生理鹽水中溶解的熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)如下表表1 金雀花堿在1.50 mL 生理鹽水溶液中的溶解焓m(mg)n(103mol)Q(J)H/J.mol-1

11、11.90 0.063 562.268988.60 20.54 0.108 897.138309.15 26.19 0.138 11628440.58 30.02 0.158 1315.68337.10 36.32 0.191 1507.27894.54 43.35 0.228 1805.67923.81 Average8315.63 從表1中的數(shù)據(jù)可以得，在常壓及298.15K的溫度下，溶液的濃度對(duì)于分子的摩爾溶解焓值的影響很小，故而可以用的平均值表示金雀花堿分子的摩爾溶解焓為8.32KJ/mol。以表1中的熱量Q為縱坐標(biāo)，物質(zhì)的量103n為橫坐標(biāo)作出圖2，它的線性方程為Q = 7487.2

12、n+ 104.21，相關(guān)系數(shù)R2 = 0.9972 （1）圖2.金雀花堿在生理鹽水(shnglynshu)中溶解(rngji)的濃度103n與熱量(rling)Q之間的關(guān)系圖3.2 金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解的動(dòng)力學(xué)過(guò)程金雀花堿在生理鹽水中溶解過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程可以用函數(shù)（2）（3）來(lái)表示 （2） （3）表2 金雀花在1.50 mL 生理鹽水溶液中的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)m/mgt(s)dH/dt(mJs-1)Ht(mJ)Ht/HoH/KJ.mol-111.900.0981124.650.221694598.99200.0952155.150.275939957400.0911184.530.328193363

13、600.0863212.520.377974602800.0812238.930.4249457551000.076263.720.4690356771200.0709286.910.5102799421400.066308.510.5486963331600.0612328.570.5843737771800.0567347.180.6174723442000.0525364.410.648116532200.0485380.360.6764841892400.0449395.10.7026998192600.0414408.720.7269234872800.0382421.290.749

14、2796933000.0353432.890.7699107173200.0327443.620.7889944153400.0301453.530.8066197133600.0279462.680.8228933233800.0257471.120.8379041724000.0237478.920.8517767584200.022486.130.8646000074400.0203492.790.8764450614600.0188498.970.8874364174800.0174504.690.8976096475000.0161509.980.9070181065200.0148

15、514.850.9156795795400.0137519.340.9236652085600.0126523.470.9310105655800.0115527.270.9377690046000.0106530.760.9439760966200.0097533.980.9497029846400.0089536.920.9549318826600.0082539.620.9597339316800.0076542.10.9641447027000.007544.40.9682353367200.0064546.510.9719880487400.0059548.450.975438409

16、7600.0053550.210.9785686347800.0048551.790.9813787228000.0043553.220.98392202920.5400.1266246.280.2745198588.31300.1207304.840.339794679600.1131360.210.401513716900.1049411.810.4590304641200.0964459.440.5121219891500.0881503.10.5607882921800.0802542.920.6051742782100.0727579.080.6454805882400.065961

17、1.870.6820304752700.0595641.530.7150914583000.0536668.290.7449199113300.0483692.40.77179453600.0433714.060.7959381583900.039733.530.8176406994200.0349751.030.8371473484500.0313766.680.8545918654800.028780.70.8702194785100.025793.240.8841973855400.0224804.450.8966927875700.02814.460.907850596000.0178

18、823.40.9178157016300.0159831.360.926688446600.0142838.460.9346025666900.0127844.820.941691847200.0113850.50.948023147500.0101855.570.9536744957800.0091860.110.9587350778100.0082864.20.963294068400.0073867.870.9673848838700.0066871.160.9710521339000.006874.140.9743738379300.0053876.820.9773611419600.

19、0047879.20.9800140459900.0042881.30.98235484310200.0037883.170.98443926710500.0032884.80.98625617210800.0028886.240.98786129111100.0024887.490.98925462311400.002888.540.99042502226.1900.1441281.780.2424956978.44200.1409326.750.281196213400.1366370.50.318846816600.132412.840.355283993800.1263453.590.

20、390352841000.1205492.510.4238468161200.1149529.630.4557917381400.109564.90.4861445781600.1032598.350.5149311531800.0976630.020.5421858862000.0923659.980.5679690192200.0871688.240.5922891572400.0824714.950.6152753872600.0784740.340.6371256452800.0741764.410.6578399313000.0699787.110.6773752153200.066

21、808.520.6958003443400.0629828.880.7133218593600.0592848.120.7298795183800.0555866.240.7454733224000.052883.220.7600860594200.0487899.10.7737521514400.0454913.930.786514634600.0422927.740.7983993124800.0398940.660.8095180725000.0373952.80.8199655775200.035964.190.8297676425400.0331974.910.83899311556

22、00.0315985.090.8477538735800.0295994.680.8560068856000.02781003.710.8637779696200.02691012.340.8712048196400.02561020.640.8783476766600.02451028.550.8851549056800.02311036.070.8916265067000.02131043.080.8976592087200.02011049.610.903278837400.01841055.680.9085025827600.01731061.320.9133562827800.017

23、21066.760.9180378668000.01651072.050.9225903618200.01621077.190.92701376930.0200.1966280.750.213400738.34300.1919327.840.249194284600.1826461.530.350813317900.1708545.20.4144116751200.1579623.010.4735557921500.1448694.630.5279948311800.1317760.050.5777211922100.1194819.490.6229020982400.1078873.250.

24、6637655822700.097921.720.7006080883000.0871965.290.7337260573300.07811004.360.7634235333600.06991039.350.7900197633900.06241070.650.8138111894200.05581098.610.8350638494500.04971123.550.8540209794800.04431145.790.8709258135100.03951165.610.8859911835400.03511183.260.8994071155700.03131198.960.911340

25、8336000.02781212.950.9219747646300.02481225.390.9314305266600.0221236.440.9398297356900.01951246.250.9472864097200.01731254.950.9538993627500.01541262.690.9597826097800.01361269.550.964996968100.01211275.630.9696184258400.01071281.030.9737230168700.00951285.810.9773563399000.00841290.030.98056400193

26、00.00741293.750.9833916089600.00651297.030.9858847679900.00571299.910.98807388310200.0051302.430.98998935810500.00431304.620.99165399810800.00381306.530.99310580711100.00321308.190.99436758911400.00281309.610.99544694411700.00241310.830.99637427812000.0021311.870.99716479212300.00171312.740.99782608

27、712600.00141313.470.99838096736.3200.2395376.770.2499800967.89300.2295487.930.323732749600.2144593.050.393477972900.197690.430.4580878451200.1794779.50.5171841831500.1622860.320.5708067941800.1464933.320.6192409772100.1316999.070.6628649152400.11811058.130.7020501592700.10591111.140.7372213383000.09

28、461158.580.7686969213300.08431200.910.7967821133600.0751238.60.8217887473900.06641272.060.8439888544200.05851301.60.863588114500.05151327.640.880865184800.04541350.560.8960721875100.03981370.710.9094413485400.03491388.40.9211783445700.03041403.850.931429146000.02661417.340.9403795126300.02331429.170

29、.9482285036600.02041439.480.9550690026900.01781448.510.9610602447200.01561456.410.9663017527500.01381463.360.9709129517800.0121469.460.9749601918100.01041474.750.9784700118400.0091479.330.9815087588700.00761483.270.9841228779000.00631486.570.9863123679300.0051489.240.9880838649600.00411491.380.98950

30、371543.6500.215401.30.2222529917.92300.2111502.210.27814023600.2038600.470.332559814900.1942694.630.3847086841200.1834783.990.4341991581500.172868.080.4807709351800.1606946.730.5243298632100.14951020.110.5649700932400.13841088.180.6026694732700.12761151.090.6375110773000.11731209.030.6696001333300.1

31、0751262.190.699041873600.09841310.90.7260190523900.08981355.430.7506812144200.08211396.080.7731945064500.07471433.190.7937472314800.06791466.950.8124446175100.06191497.630.8294361985400.05631525.540.8448936645700.051215510.858994246000.04651574.080.8717766956300.04231595.070.8834016396600.03851614.1

32、70.893979846900.03511631.570.9036165267200.03171647.380.9123726197500.02891661.720.9203145777800.02621674.740.9275254768100.02381686.590.9340883928400.02151697.280.9400088618700.01951706.960.945369969000.01771715.730.9502270719300.01591723.660.9546189639600.01431730.830.9585899429900.0131737.250.962

3301161743.080.96537439110500.01031748.290.96825985810800.00921752.880.97080194911100.00821757.010.97308927811400.00751760.70.9751329211700.00681764.050.97698825912000.00621767.120.97868852512300.00561769.930.98024479412600.00521772.450.98164045212900.00481774.830.98295857313200.00441776.9

34、80.98414931313500.004117790.98526805513800.00381780.860.98629818314100.00351782.620.98727292914400.00321784.20.98814798414700.0031785.660.9889565815000.00271787.010.98970425315300.00251788.270.99040208215600.00241789.390.99102237515900.00231790.490.99163159116200.00221791.550.99221865316500.0021792.

35、570.99278356216800.00181793.450.99327093517100.00171794.30.99374169317400.00141795.050.99415706717700.00131795.70.99451705818000.00131796.320.99486043418300.00121796.930.99519827218600.00111797.470.995497342由（2）（3）兩式可得n （4）把a(bǔ)=H/H0帶入（4）式中得i=1,2,L （5）在這個(gè)(zh ge)方程中，a 是轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)，f（a）是動(dòng)力學(xué)函數(shù)，H表示(biosh)在t時(shí)刻的熱量，

36、i是在溶解(rngji)過(guò)程中的任意一個(gè)時(shí)間，K是金雀花堿溶解反應(yīng)的速率，n是反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)。將表（2）中的數(shù)據(jù)（dH/dt）i、（H/H0）i帶入（5）式中，分別以與為橫、縱坐標(biāo)，做出圖3，其斜率即為反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)n，截距為lnk。y = 1.1933x + 10.054 R2 = 0.9979y = 1.0463x + 8.8367 R2 = 0.9991y = 1.0031x + 8.6495 R2 = 0.9980y = 1.1854x + 10.145 R2 = 0.9975y = 1.0673x + 8.893 R2 = 0.9974y = 0.9376x + 7.9348 R2 = 0.9968由以上的線性關(guān)系式可得到(d do)如表（3）所示的不同物質(zhì)的量所對(duì)應(yīng)的k，n，r。表3 298.15K下金雀花堿在1.50mL生理鹽水溶液(rngy)中溶解的n和lnkm(mg)n(103mol)lnk(s-1)r11.90 1.193 -10.05 0.9979 20.54 1.046 -8.84 0.9991 26.19 1.003 -8.65 0.9980 30.02 1.185 -10.15 0.