2022年初中英語被動語態(tài)專項講解

1、讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思 初中英語被動語態(tài)專項講解 一、語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的發(fā)出者（或執(zhí)行者）語 many people 來執(zhí)行的。eg：Many people speak Chinese.謂語： speak 的動作是由主被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主語 English 是動詞 speak 的承受者。二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由 “ _ ”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過 _的變化表現(xiàn)

2、出 來的。 (被動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動詞或第一個助動詞構(gòu)成。) 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：1.一般現(xiàn)在時： amisare及物動詞的過去分詞 Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般過去時： waswere及物動詞的過去分詞 Eg：This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 用動詞 show 的被動語態(tài)填空3.一般將來時： will shall be及物動詞的過去分詞1). I know

3、a new film_ at the cinema every Eg：More factories will be built in our city. weekat the cinema last He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 2). I know a new film _ week4.現(xiàn)在進行時： amisare being及物動詞的過去分詞. 3). I know a new film _ at the cinema these Eg： A road is being built around the mountain. days Many

4、 new houses are being built in this city 4). I know a new film _ at the cinema at eight last night 5.過去進行時： was/were being及物動詞的過去分詞5). I know a new film _ at the cinema recentlyEg：The meeting was being held when I was there. 6). I know a new film _ at the cinema in two We were being trained this tim

5、e last year. day7). I know a new film_ at the cinema by the end 6.現(xiàn)在完成時： havehas been及物動詞的過去分詞of lastweekEg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.過去完成時： had been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

6、8.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞 +be+及物動詞的過去分詞 Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思三、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法：1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu) (be過去分詞 ) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定 be 的形式 )。3.把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞 by 之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。He plant trees in spring . Trees are planted by him in

7、spring. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by 后見，時態(tài)人稱be 關(guān)鍵。All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him. 注意：for 的動詞，1). 間接賓語前需要加buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drw ,cook

8、,keep ,make ，offer 等。2).間接賓語前需要加 to 的動詞，bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return 等3). 如果復(fù)合賓語是由“ 賓語 +不帶 to 的動詞不定式” 構(gòu)成，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，動詞不定式前的 to 要補出來。常見的這類動詞有： 一感（feel），二聽（hear，listen to ）三讓（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但動詞為let 時， to

9、 仍可省略。Eg:1.The story made us laugh . We were made to laugh by the story. 2.The teacher let the little boy go home . The little boy was let (to) go home . 4). 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：一般說來， 只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，但許多 “ 不及物動詞 +副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)，但變被動語態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉。Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. The radio wa

10、s turned on just now . 2.They take good care of the babies . The babies are taken care of. 3.The look after the babies . The babies are looked after . 5). 賓語從句主動變被動，有兩種改寫方法：.用 it 做被動語態(tài)的形式主語，賓語從句保持不變 . 賓語從句被動語態(tài)常用特殊句式：It is said that（據(jù)說 ），It is reported that （據(jù)報道 ） ，It is well known that （眾所周知 ）It is

11、supposed that（據(jù)推測說 ） ，It is believed that 大家相信， It is hoped that 大家希望， It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為， It is suggested that 據(jù)建議等等。eg:1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據(jù)說她要嫁給一個外國人。2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed the national

12、 exam. ）.將從句的主語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，從句的謂語部分變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?。這時的動詞不定式所用的形式要與原來的賓語從句保持一致。Eg：They say that our teacher is busy these days . It is said that our teacher is busy these days. Our teacher is said to be busy these days. 讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思6).如果原句賓語有后置定語修飾，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，應(yīng)把后置修飾語隨同賓語一同提前。Eg：we clean the windows of our cla

13、ssroom every day . The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day. 7).by 短語的取舍：當(dāng)主動句中是 who ，what ，which 等做主語，變被動語態(tài)后句首的疑問詞在句 中的成分由原來的主語變?yōu)榻?詞 by 的賓語，應(yīng)注意介詞 by 不能丟。Eg：who wrote the book ? who was the book written by ? 四可與被動語態(tài)連用的介詞 在被動語態(tài)的句子中，常用介詞 by 引出動作的發(fā)出者，實際上同被動語態(tài)連用的介詞除 by 以外還有很多。1.表示謂語動詞的動作是為誰或為何目

14、的而發(fā)生的要用介詞 for 。(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于 被用于 做 ) Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you . 2.Stamps are used for sending letters . 2.表示動作發(fā)出者所使用的工具或強調(diào)狀態(tài)時應(yīng)用介詞 with Eg：1.The trees were cut down with a knife . 2.The bottle is filled with orange . 3.表示“ 被作為 (發(fā)生 )” 應(yīng)用介詞 as （be used as 被作為 使用）Eg：Englis

15、h is used as a first language in Canada. 4.在 be well-known 后應(yīng)用介詞 to，表示“ 被 所熟知”Eg：The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world . 5.在 be made 后可用多個介詞表示不同的意義 1).be made in 表示“ 在某地制造”Eg：This Tv set is made in shanghai . 2).be made of 和 be made from 都可以表示“ 由 制成的” ，但 be made of 強調(diào)從制成品上可以看出原材料，be

16、made from 則表示從制成品上看不出原材料。Eg：1.This table is made of wood . 2.This kind of paper is made from wood. 3).be made by 由 （人）制造的 Eg：The cake is made by my mother . 4).be made into 表示“ 被制成 .”make into 把 制成 （主動形式）Eg：Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯。5）.be made after 表示“ 仿照 .制成”Eg：This machine is ma

17、de after theirs . 這臺機器是仿照他們的機器制成的。6).be made up of 表示“ 由 .組成”Eg：Our class is made up of fifty students . 五.主動形式被動含義 在英語中，主動意義用主動語態(tài)表示，被動意義用被動語態(tài)表示。但在以下幾種情況下，被動意義卻用主動語 態(tài)來表示：(一)少數(shù)動詞， 既可作及物動詞， 也可作不及物動詞。當(dāng)它們作不及物動詞且用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能時，可用一般時態(tài)的主動形式表示被動意義，其主語大多為事物。 常見的有： sell(“ 銷售好 )” read(好讀 ” )，write( “好寫 ”)，wash

18、(“ 耐洗 ” )，wear(“耐穿 )，last，tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、eg:1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly. 這些票太貴了，銷路不好。2). Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better 你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎 ?你的鋼筆更好寫。讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思3).The pen writes well. 這筆好寫。4).The door wont open. 門開不下來。5).The clothes wa

19、sh easily. 這衣服很好洗。6). The door wont open. 這門打不開。注意：這類動詞的主動形式表示被動意義有三個明顯特征1).與 not，hardly 等否定意義的詞連用 . 2).常與副詞 well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly , 3）句中的主語是謂語動詞的承受者。等連用表示效果或程度。(二). 某些表示感覺，狀態(tài)，特征的系動詞 eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste 等系動詞，用主動形式表達被動意義，主語是物。Eg:1.The cloth feels soft. 這布料摸起

20、來很軟。2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。3.Good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口(三). 動詞 need, want, require 等表示 “需要 ” 或“ 應(yīng)該” 的意義時，后用動詞 ing 的主動式或動詞不定式被動形式表示變動意義 .。Eg：1).The floor needs sweeping. 地板須拖一下。2).The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired). 那輛舊自行車需要修理。3).Your hair needs cutting你的頭發(fā)需要理了。 4).The

21、 wall requires painting 這墻壁需要粉刷了。(四) .“ 主語 +be worth doing ” 句式中 ving 形式表達被動含義 Eg：1.This book is well worth reading. 2.The film is well worth seeing(五). 不定式以主動形式表達被動意義的情況主要有以下兩種：1).1.不定式作定語與被修飾的詞形成動賓關(guān)系時，不定式用主動形式表被動意義。Eg：1.I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情要告訴你。2.Is there anything else to

22、say? 還有別的什么事情要說嗎？2).在 “主語+ 系動詞 + adj. + to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作為主語的補足語對主語作補充說明，與主語之間形成動賓關(guān)系時，其主動形式表示被動含義。（形容詞通常為Eg:1.The place is easy to find in the map. 2.I find the problem difficult to solve. 3.The book is difficult to understand . easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy 等）4.The water in the river is

23、unfit to drink. 這條河里的水不宜飲用。5.His speech isnt easy to understand. 他的演說不易理解3).在 too to do sth 和 enough to do 句型中，如果主語是“ 物” 而不是“ 人”，則不定式部分是用主動形式表達的被動含義 . Eg:1.The table is too heavy (for me)to carry . 2.The dress is good enough to wear at the party . 讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思(六). 表示“ 發(fā)生、 進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happe

24、n, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主動形式表示被動意義。Eg：How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？六、教材中與被動語態(tài)相關(guān)的一些詞組 : get dressed(穿衣 ) get hurt(受傷 ) get lost(迷路 ) get washed(洗臉 ) get married(結(jié)婚 ) be covered with ( 被 覆蓋 ) be made of （由 制成） （看得出原

25、材料）be made by （由某人制造）be made from （由 制成） （看不出原材料）be made in （由某地制造）be used for （被用于 ）be used as （被當(dāng)作 使用）be used to do （被用于做 .）it is said that （據(jù)說 ）it is hoped that （希望 ）It is well known that.( 總所周知 .) 被動語態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練 一、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1.People speak English in many countries. 2.We built this bridge last year.

26、3.The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. 4.Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 5.You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room. 6.They cant mend the bike in that shop. 7.People will never forget the accident. 8.He didn t buy anything there before he left. 9.They are repa

27、iring the car in the garage. 10.They have found ways to make waste water clean. 11.Someone must take care of the children when we go out. 12.They wont hold the meeting until next Friday. 13.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. 14.They made the young man head of the volleyball team. 讀書之法 ,在循

28、序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思15.Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital. 16.People will laugh at you if you wear that dress. 17.You should take good care of her baby. 18.They are making this type of radios in shanghai. 19.They had to put off the sports meet because of the rain. 20.He often helps Tom when T

29、om is in trouble. 21.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week. 22.He didn t give the dictionary to me yesterday. 二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面) 1.Its said(據(jù)說 ) that the long bridge_ （build ）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_ （speak

30、）in the world ？4.The lost boy_ （not find ）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_ （cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make

31、) of ? They_(make) of metal( 金屬 ) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the d13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 1

32、6. The food _ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。1.Is tea grown in South China ？（改為主動語態(tài)）_ people _ tea in South China ？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 對劃線提問 ) 3.The work is going to be fin

33、ished in two days. ( How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. ( 改為被動語態(tài) ) 讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. ( 改為被動語態(tài) ) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. ( 改為被動語態(tài) ) Metal _ _ _making m

34、achines. 7. He made me do that for him. ( 改為被動語態(tài) ) I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match. The football match _ _ _ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? ( 改為被動語態(tài) ) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改為被動語態(tài) ) Th

35、e light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan 改為被動語態(tài) ) The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。The new bike _ _ _ _ （買給我） by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _ _ _（是國產(chǎn)的嗎）？The whole mountain is _ _ (覆蓋 ) the snow. 五、下列各句均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正過來。（ 10 分）I have

36、a lot of homework to be done tonight _ Is your history teacher listened carefully in class ？_ Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people _The music is sounded beautiful. _ By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _ 六、選擇題( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Wa

37、s; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton （棉花）_ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be v

38、isited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the

39、little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. 讀書之法 ,在循序而漸進 ,熟讀而精思A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The