人教新課標知識點總復習必修二_Unit_4_Wildlife_protection概要

1、Unit 4 Wildlife protection核心單詞decreasev.減少；（使）變小；變少n.減少；降低；減少的數(shù)量，其后常接介詞in/of聯(lián)想拓展decrease （sth.） to/by . 減少到/了increase vi.&vt.增加；增長；增強n.增加；增加的數(shù)量increase to/by 增力口至U /了on the decrease/increase 在減少 /增力口易混辨析reduce/decreasereduce 強調(diào)在 數(shù)量、大小，程度或強度 ”方面下降或減少。decrease側(cè)重強調(diào) 穩(wěn)定地，逐漸地，不斷地 “減少。They are making every

2、 effort to decrease the production cost.他們正在盡力降彳氐生產(chǎn)成本。The membership decreased to 150.會員數(shù)減少到了 150人。The number of students in the class has decreased by 20.班級里的人數(shù)減少了 20人。There has been a decrease in our imports.我們的進口數(shù)量減少了。高手過招完成句子（原創(chuàng)）這些措施將有助于降低生產(chǎn)成本。will help the cost of production.人口出生率正在下降。The birth

3、rate is 答案： These measures; decrease on the decreasesuggestvt.建議；提出（意見、計劃、理論等）；暗示；表明常用結(jié)構(gòu)：suggest+doing建議做suggest sb./sb. s doing sth.建議某人做某事（不說suggest sb. to do sth.）suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提議 （不能說suggest sb. sth.）suggest （to sb.）+that從句（向某人）建議。（所接從句用虛擬語氣：sb.+should+動詞原形，should 可以省略）It is suggested t

4、hat . 建議是suggest sth.暗示；表明suggest+that從句 暗示；表明 （從句用陳述語氣）suggest sth. to sb. 使某人想起 I suggest doing it in another way.我建議換一種方式做這件事。They suggested another shop to us.他們向我們建議了另一家商店。She suggested that we （should ） have lunch at the new restaurant.她建議我們在那家新開的餐館吃午餐。Her expression suggested that she had tol

5、d a lie.她的表情表明她撒了謊。溫馨提示suggestion, advice, proposal作 建議”講時，相關(guān)的名詞性從句要用虛擬語氣。My suggestion is that we （should） go to the cinema together.我建議我們一塊兒去看電影。（表語從句）It s suggested that you （should） stay here for another week.建議你在這兒再彳f 一個星期。（主語從句）He gave me an suggestion that I should go to Shanghai for a holida

6、y.他建議我去上海旅游。（同位語從句） 高手過招 單項填空His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested everyone of us. （2009 12 山東濰坊檢測）A. that we goB. which we should goC. that we would go D.when we should go解析：選 Ao不管是suggest的何種形式，在句子中有 建議”之意時，后接的從句必須用 虛擬語氣。affectvt.影響；侵襲；相當于；使感動；激起（悲傷、憤怒、愛等情緒）affect = have an effect on

7、vt.影響；感動；（疾病）侵襲be greatly/deeply affected彳艮/深受感動be affected by heat/cold 中暑 /著涼be affected with high fever 發(fā)高燒My teacher s talk with me affected my studies in the coming years.Weather affects planting.Much by the story of Cong Fei , I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.A. affected B. Affect

8、ing C. admired D. effected 易混辨析affect/effect/influenceaffect vt.表示 影響，（?。┣忠u”，多指不好的影響。當 affect的賓語是人時，它表示 引起心智或感情上的影響，即使感動”。effect表示 影響”時，是名詞，指由于某種原因直接產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，常用短語為：have aneffect on對 有影響；in effect正在實行；實際上； side effect副作用；take effect開始實 行；開始生效； without effect 沒有效果； come into effect 生效；實施； bring/carry sth

9、. intoeffect 使生效；be of no effect 無效果。influence多指對人的思想、觀念、心理情緒等內(nèi)在的東西產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響，或?qū)θ说臎Q定、行為等造成某種程度的影響。The disease is beginning to affect her brain.疾病逐漸侵襲她的大腦。We are deeply affected by his devotion to work.他對工作的奉獻令我們深受感動。The book had a great influence on his life.這本書對他的人生影響很大。He is, in effect, my rival. 實

10、際上，他是我的競爭對手。高手過招單項填空Sichuan province by the earthquake , causing difficulties to the post festival road transport.(2009 11 陜西西安檢測)A. were affectedB. was affectedC. had effectedD. has affected解析：選Bo affect為動詞，意思是 影響；感動；effect為名詞，意思是 影響；效果”。 根據(jù)句意選擇Boappreciatevt.欣賞；感激；意識到；體會；理解appreciate后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞、名

11、詞性從句等作賓語，但不能接不定式。表示感激，感謝”時，其后的賓語只能為物”，不能為 人”。其后不直接跟if或when引導的從句，若語義上需要接這類從句，需借助 it,即：appreciate it if/when .。易混辨析appreciate/thankappreciate意為 感激，感謝”時的結(jié)構(gòu)為：appreciate (doing) sth.appreciate it if/when .thank表示 感謝”時的結(jié)構(gòu)為：thank sb. for sth.。I appreciate your ability very much.我很欣賞你的能力。We shall appreciate

12、 hearing from you again.能再次收到你的來信，我們將十分感激。I appreciate that you have come here so early.感謝你來得這么早。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能幫助我做這件事， 我 將不勝感激。高手過招單項填空I really appreciateA. to have had timeC. to have timeto relax with you on this nice island.B. having timeD. to ha

13、ving time解析：選Bo考查appreciate的搭配。此處appreciate意為 欣賞“，其后不能接動詞不定式 作賓語，而只能用名詞或動名詞形式。mercyn.仁慈；寬?。粚捜?；恩惠；幸運；憐憫 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：at the mercy of sb./sth. have mercy on/upon show mercy to sb.without mercy任由某人（某事物）擺布或控制 對有憐憫心寬恕/憐憫某人毫不留情地；殘忍地They showed mercy to their enemies.他們對敵人很仁慈。It s a mercy she wasn t hurt in the ac

14、cident.她在事故中未受傷，真幸運。高手過招翻譯（原創(chuàng)）那只船在暴風雨中失去了控制?？蓱z可憐我們吧！答案： The ship was at the mercy of the storm. Have mercy on us!huntvi.&vt.打獵,獵??；搜索Wolves hunt in packs.狼是成群獵食的。Police are hunting an escaped criminal.警方正在追捕逃犯。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：hunt for試圖找到（某人/物）hunt after探求；追求答案： I m hunting for a lost book. Many people hunt aft

15、er fame all their lives but never find it.includevt.包括；包含include側(cè)重指范圍，其主語和賓語屬于同類，是整體與部分的關(guān)系。后面常接名詞、代詞、 動名詞作賓語。The trip includes a visit to Beijing.旅行包括到北京參觀。聯(lián)想拓展contain vt.表示包含，含有；能容納”，側(cè)重指內(nèi)容或成分，其主語和賓語不屬于同類。This fruit contains a lot of vitamins.這個水果含有豐富的維他命。hold vt.表示 容納；盛有 ”；表示 里面裝有”時可與contain互換。This

16、 room can hold 50 people.這間屋子能容納 50 人。高手過招用include的適當形式填空Our group has ten students, TomWe will learn 7 subjects this term, PE.(2)單項填空Even if they didn t the cost of food in the tour, it s still a cheap vacation to the U.S.A. Hold B. containC. share D. Include解析： included including(2)選Do根據(jù)句意可知用包括。而c

17、ontain多用來強調(diào)所包含的內(nèi)容本來就是物體固有的一部分。重點短語die out滅絕；逐漸消失；滅亡聯(lián)想拓展die for渴望；很想die to do渴望；很想die away （尤指聲音、光、風）逐漸消失；停止die down （興奮、激動等情緒）漸弱；漸息；平息die off （家族，種族等）相繼死亡；（草木）枯死die of,除此之外的原die from/of因而死；通常由疾病、饑寒、情感原因造成的死亡用因用 die from。Many species will soon die out if we don t take action.如果我們不采取行動，許多物種將很快滅絕。Many

18、old customs have died out.許多舊的風俗已不復存在。高手過招(1)單項填空This kind of plants are . Some day theywill forever.(2009 12 甘肅天水檢測)dying off ; die outdying away ; die offdying down ; die outdying out ; die awayUnfortunately, the soldier died a wound in the chest. (2009 12 山東德州檢測)A. fromB. outC. offD. down(2)用die的

19、相關(guān)短語填空(3)The noise of the car in the distance.The old traditions are .The man a wound.die off。后面表示有一天會永 I m something to eat.解析:(1)選Ao前面句子用了進行時，表示正在滅亡，故用 遠消失，故用 die out。選A。根據(jù)句意此處soldier死的原因應該是胸部受傷。(2) died away dying out died from dying forprotect .from .保護免受,后接較小的事情或危害，如： frost, harm, catching cold

20、 。聯(lián)想拓展protect .against .后接較大的事情，如：戰(zhàn)爭、災害、重稅、威脅等。keep sb. from doing sth. prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直做某事defend .from/against 保衛(wèi)以抵御易混辨析defend/protect/guard/preservedefend保衛(wèi)；防護；防守(含有采取措施抵制進攻的意思) ；protect常含有提供安全 的方式來驅(qū)開不適、傷害或進攻的意思；guard含有看守白意思；preserve指采取措施維護、保護、保存。Yo

21、u must learn to protect yourself from the danger.你必須學會保護自己，免遭危險。She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防備看門狗咬她。A policeman was guarding the entrance to the embassy.一位警察正守衛(wèi)在大使館出口處。It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.警察的職責之是維持公共秩序。高手過招單項填空Use the umbrella to you

22、rself fromthe rain.A. preventB.protectC. defendD.protection解析：選 Bo prevent sb. from doing sth.防止某人干某事，意思類似于stop/keep sb. fromdoing sth. ； protect sb. from sth.保護某人免遭傷害；defend保衛(wèi)；防護；防守(含有采取措 施抵制進攻的意思)。pay attention to 一、/ 在思聯(lián)想拓展bring sth. to one s attention 使某事弓I起某人注意call/draw one s attention to sth.

23、使某人注意某事draw/catch/attract one s attention 弓 I起某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate one s attention on sth.集中注意力于某事物You should pay attention to your spelling.你要注意自己的拼寫。高手過招完成句子他的提議沒有引起任何注意。No attention his advice.他提醒我注意一些新的證據(jù)。He some new evidence.答案： was paid to called/drew my attention tocome into being形成；產(chǎn)生（

24、不可用于被動語態(tài)或進行時） 聯(lián)想拓展come into existence 形成；產(chǎn)生；開始存在come into effect/force/operation 開始生效； 開始實施come into use 開始被使用come into power 上臺執(zhí)政come into fashion 開始流行come into office 就職 come into action 開始行動We do not know when this world came into being.我們不知道世界是何時形成的。高手過招單項填空Before the computer , people could nev

25、er imagine it could bring about such great changes to human life.（2009 12 福建龍巖一中檢測）A. came into being B. was discoveredC. was come into being D. was formed解析：選 Ao句意為：在電腦出現(xiàn)之前，人們絕不會想到它會給人類的生活帶來如此巨大的變化。電腦不能說是 被發(fā)現(xiàn)“或被形成的，排除B、D兩項。come into being不能用于 被動語態(tài)和進行時，排除 C項，故選A。重點句型Why are they in danger of disappe

26、aring?它們?yōu)槭裁刺幱跍缃^的危險中？常用結(jié)構(gòu)：in danger （of）在危險中be in danger of 有的危險be out of danger 脫離危險The girl s life was obviously in immediate danger.很明顯，這女孩的生命危在旦夕。The sick man is in danger of death.這位病人有死亡的危險。The wounded policeman is now out of danger. 受傷的警察已脫離危險。聯(lián)想拓展be a danger to sb./sth. 危險白勺人/因素be dangerous f

27、or 對有危險endanger vt. 危害，危及endangered adj.有危險的；瀕臨滅絕的高手過招完成句子他再這樣下去會丟掉工作的。He is losing his job if he goes on like this.警察說這個男人對于公眾來說是個危險分子。The police said the man was the public.答案： in danger of a danger toThey lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans come into being.千百萬年前，恐

28、龍就在地球上生活，比人類的出現(xiàn)要早得多。long before .在之前很長一段時間I knew the news that they were invited to the party, long before you told me.早在你告訴我之前很久我就知道他們被邀請來參加晚會的消息了。答案： They had known each other long before I knew them.long to do sth / long for sth15、a species / many species16、respond vi.回答，響應做出反應respond toK?回答/有反應/

29、有作用in response to 回答；回應give/make a response to.對作出回答 /回應respond with a smile以微笑回答respond with a blow 報之擊（全國高考）The government has to public pressure and dropped the proposal.A. answeredB. got C. accepted D. responded17、relief n.（痛苦或憂慮的）減輕或解除in relief 如釋負重地；松了 口氣；輕松地，欣慰地 It was a great relief to find

30、the children safe.歸納：in relief如釋重負；松了 口氣get relief from sth.to my relief令我感到解脫的是relieve ones mind 解除某人的顧慮relieve sb. of sth.解除某人的（負擔等）There was a widespread that with scientific , timely and effective treatment , furtherdeaths had been stopped on Sanlu event.A . satisfaction B. tension C. astonishme

31、nt D. relief18、in 名詞一表示某人或某物的狀態(tài)或狀況in dangerin ruinsin silencein good condition / statein high spiritsin low spiritsin peacein tears 流著淚in angerin sorrowin surprisein debtIn delightburst into laughter / tears /a song burst out laughing /crying /singing without mercy / with no mercy歸納：have mercy on sb

32、 對某人仁慈Now people no longer have mercy on beggars.be at the mercy of任由？?擺布；在？?掌握之中The boat was at the mercy of the storm.beg?for mercy 乞求？?憐憫Its a mercy.真是幸運？It was clear that the small grocer was people he owed money to.A . at the expense of B. at the risk of C. in the way of D. at the mercy of22、co

33、ntain / include（1）contain包含、含有、內(nèi)裝。側(cè)重“整體內(nèi)含有，指在某一范圍內(nèi)或容器能容納某物。不用于進行時態(tài)。如：These valleys contain gold mines.The box contains a lot of gifts.（2）include包括。側(cè)重被包含者只是整體中的一部分。The list includes my name.The wallet contains 500 yuan and a key.The class of twenty includes 7 girls.汪思：Six people were injured in the a

34、ccident, including a boy.=Six people were injured in the accident, a boy included.23、appreciate v .賞識；鑒賞；感激appreciate n./doing 感激（欣賞；覺得？；感謝？）appreciate it if 從句 感激?appreciation n .鑒賞；感激I appreciate your help / your helping me very much.Do you appreciate music?I really appreciate the importance of yo

35、ur job.（2009 -浙江寧波十校聯(lián)考 ）一Did you enjoy yourself last night?Yes, its very nice of you.I appreciated to the party.A . to be invited B. to have invitedC. having been invited D. being invited（2009 復旦大學附中）Id appreciate if you could lend me a hand with myhomework.A . so B. it C. that D. you24、die out滅絕；逐漸

36、消失die out絕種，滅絕；熄滅；（風俗、習慣等）逐漸消失，不用于被動語態(tài)die away逐漸減弱，逐漸模糊，逐漸消失die off （家族、種族等）相繼死亡；（草木）先后枯死die down （火、光線、興奮、暴風雨等）漸弱，漸息die of指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等die from指由于外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過度等而死dying (現(xiàn)在分詞)快要死了dead adj.死亡的death n .死亡(2008 云南昆明高三適應性考試)It is widely concerned that this kind of species israpidly.A . dying out

37、 B . dying down C . dying away D. dying back25、loss n,損失；喪失at a loss茫然；不知所措suffer great losses 遭受重大損失protect sb. /sth.from 保護？?免受(傷害等)protectfrom/against保護？?免受？prevent/stop/keepfrom 阻止？干？提示：prevent/stopfrom 中的from 在主動句中可以省略，而keepfrom 中的from 不能省略27、employ vt.雇用，用，使用，使忙于 n .雇用in the employ of 受？?雇用in

38、sb.s employ 受？?雇用out of employ 失業(yè)employ oneself (in) doing從事于；花時間在 ?To our surprise , the firm the retired professor as an adviser.A. considered B. employed C. looked on D. thought about28、come into being 形成，產(chǎn)生，開始存在come into power 上臺執(zhí)政come into effect 生效come into use 開始使用29、certain(1)for certain 無疑地

39、；確定地be certain(sure)to do sth.be certain(sure)of sth.又?有把握make certain (that.)弄清楚；弄明白；弄確實make certain of sth./of doing sth. 確保(做某事)It is certain that.肯定？(2)make sure of sth./doing sth.把？弄清楚；確保make sure that.務必；確保be sure of (about) sth./doing sth.表示確信”，指句子的主語對某事有信心。be sure to dosth.表示“一定會做某事”，指說話者對某事

40、有信心或命令別人做某事?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)(1)表示一個從過去某時開始發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。Ive beenwaiting for an hour but she still hasn t come.(2)表不動作剛剛結(jié)束(有時指出現(xiàn)結(jié)果)My clothes are wet, I ve been walking in the rain.(3)表示動作的重復性。(指斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，而非一直不停)She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時，是英語中，動詞的一種基本時態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為：

41、主語 +助動詞（have/has）+been+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。其表達的意思有兩種：1.表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。2.表示在說話時刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。時態(tài)簡介現(xiàn)在完成進行時 （Present perfect continuous）主語+have （has） been+動詞-ing（一）表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）I have been learning E

42、nglish since three years ago.自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）I study for English since 10 years ago.（二）表示在說話時刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了（人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會繼（三）有些現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for

43、ten years.他們在這個城市已經(jīng)住了10年。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年。（四）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子。I have been writing a book.（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）我一直在寫一本書。I have written a book.（動作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。They have built a bridge.他們造了一座橋。

44、（五）表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。I have known him for years.我認識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。* I have been knowing.這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時的情態(tài)動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭，等等。時態(tài)比較1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week , ago, in1980, in October, jus

45、t now, 具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once ， before, already, recently ， lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時間狀語3） 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)， 動詞一般是延續(xù)性的， 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有c

46、ome, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。 ） I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。 ）Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。 ）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。 ）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她

47、是昨天回來了。He has been in the League for three years.（在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years.（是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）He joined the League three years ago.（ 三年前入團， joined 為短暫行為。 ）I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞 （如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ） 時， 不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter