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1、第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯英漢漢英視譯教程上篇 英譯漢第1頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯 從人們的日常生活到政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域,數(shù)字發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。無(wú)論是表示數(shù)目的多少,還是事物排列的順序,數(shù)字使人類(lèi)的社會(huì)活動(dòng)和思想表達(dá)精確化,因而有時(shí)數(shù)詞翻譯錯(cuò)誤會(huì)鑄成大錯(cuò)。無(wú)論翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富與否,譯員,尤其是口譯員,在處置數(shù)詞時(shí)需慎之又慎。英語(yǔ)的數(shù)量表達(dá)與漢語(yǔ)有所不同,其實(shí)質(zhì)是兩種語(yǔ)言的思維方式存在鮮明差異,這就給翻譯,尤其是需要瞬時(shí)完成的口譯造成很大困難,同聲傳譯時(shí)的數(shù)字翻譯更是難上加難。對(duì)于口譯學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),在學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)詞視譯的同時(shí)還應(yīng)該關(guān)注其他眾多的量詞,因?yàn)榭谧g時(shí)各種量詞所構(gòu)成的翻譯難度并不亞于數(shù)詞本身
2、。關(guān)于英漢數(shù)詞的差異,以及各種數(shù)詞形態(tài)在此不作贅述。建議口譯初學(xué)者參考有關(guān)書(shū)籍,如語(yǔ)法書(shū)籍。 第2頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯 首先,應(yīng)分類(lèi)匯集各種數(shù)詞,如基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、倍數(shù)詞,以及數(shù)學(xué)公式, 然后進(jìn)行自我或合作式強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練步驟:(1)以朗讀的方式分別熟悉英漢數(shù)詞各自的不同思維方式。其目的是要強(qiáng)化譯員的數(shù)詞意識(shí),提高數(shù)詞思維速度,需反復(fù)訓(xùn)練, 最終達(dá)到超出常人的思維和口頭反應(yīng)速度;(2)進(jìn)行英漢數(shù)詞同類(lèi)單向視譯訓(xùn)練?!巴?lèi)” 是指若干數(shù)目不等的同一類(lèi)數(shù)詞詞組,如基數(shù)詞587、962、4 973、25 762。集中訓(xùn)練一類(lèi)數(shù)詞可有效提高對(duì)數(shù)詞的思維和視譯熟練度?!皢蜗颉笔侵冈?/p>
3、一段時(shí)間內(nèi)只做英譯漢或漢譯英數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)換訓(xùn)練,這么做是在數(shù)詞思維得到有效強(qiáng)化的基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)生可較為容易地適應(yīng)英漢數(shù)詞思維的轉(zhuǎn)換;(3)進(jìn)行英漢數(shù)詞多類(lèi)單向視譯訓(xùn)練。其目的是將已經(jīng)十分熟悉的各種數(shù)詞形式,混合在一起,交替進(jìn)行單向視譯訓(xùn)練,從而使訓(xùn)練更具實(shí)效性和實(shí)戰(zhàn)性,因?yàn)榕R場(chǎng)視譯時(shí)經(jīng)常需要應(yīng)對(duì)各種數(shù)詞形式混用第3頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯的局面;(4)進(jìn)行英漢數(shù)詞多類(lèi)雙向視譯訓(xùn)練。其目的是通過(guò)這種訓(xùn)練增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的瞬間轉(zhuǎn)換能力。因?yàn)?,在把一種語(yǔ)言翻譯成另一種語(yǔ)言時(shí)(當(dāng)然包含數(shù)詞),如英譯漢或漢譯英,隨時(shí)可能需要進(jìn)行反向翻譯。在各種談判翻譯場(chǎng)合,這種瞬間需要轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯方向的現(xiàn)象尤為常見(jiàn)。 第4頁(yè),共5
4、9頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(要點(diǎn)梳理)數(shù)字使人類(lèi)的社會(huì)活動(dòng)和思想表達(dá)精確化,因而有時(shí)數(shù)詞翻譯錯(cuò)誤會(huì)鑄成大錯(cuò)英語(yǔ)的數(shù)量表達(dá)與漢語(yǔ)有所不同,其實(shí)質(zhì)是兩種語(yǔ)言的思維方式存在鮮明差異關(guān)注其他眾多的量詞建議訓(xùn)練方法: 1. 分類(lèi)后朗讀;2. 同類(lèi)單向視譯訓(xùn)練;3. 多類(lèi)單向視譯訓(xùn)練;4. 多類(lèi)雙向視譯訓(xùn)練第5頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)1. Yesterdays temperature in this area is as high as 39 , which is as good as 10 degrees above the average temperature at this ti
5、me of the year. 【筆譯】【視譯】昨天該地區(qū)氣溫高達(dá)39 攝氏度,比同期平均溫度整整高出10 度。 昨天此地氣溫達(dá)到三十九攝氏度,比平均溫度高出十度。第6頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)譯評(píng)筆譯版本是典型的語(yǔ)義措辭均嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)母袷剑曌g版本則顯得較隨意,淡化了更具英語(yǔ)思維特性的微妙思維意境(as high as 和as good as),視譯重心只聚焦在結(jié)構(gòu)性語(yǔ)義上,這是視譯的通用處理原則和手法。另外,鑒于人們對(duì)攝氏和華氏溫標(biāo)早已爛熟于心,視譯時(shí)可以先說(shuō)出計(jì)量單位,這就為后面的數(shù)字翻譯留出了更多的思索時(shí)間。第7頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)2. His bro
6、ther was just over eighteen when he left home to make a living on his own. 【筆譯】 【視譯】他哥哥離家獨(dú)自謀生時(shí)才剛滿18 周歲。他哥哥剛滿十八歲便離家獨(dú)自謀生了。第8頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)譯評(píng)此句原文的語(yǔ)義重心是年齡,所以筆譯版本更能突出原文意境,但卻不符合順句驅(qū)動(dòng)的視譯原則,增加了翻譯難度,所以視譯版本更具視譯參考價(jià)值。第9頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)3. Within less than two and half years, about 170 million children
7、 in India have been vaccinated against polio. 【筆譯】 【視譯】在近兩年半的時(shí)間內(nèi),印度約有一億七千萬(wàn)兒童接種了抗小兒麻痹癥的疫苗。在不到兩年半的時(shí)間里,一億七千萬(wàn)印度兒童接種了小兒麻痹疫苗。第10頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)譯評(píng)筆譯句式是書(shū)面化語(yǔ)言,顯得有些呆板。視譯版本更口語(yǔ)化,尤其是“印度兒童”結(jié)構(gòu)既符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,又減少了翻譯數(shù)字時(shí)可能面臨的干擾。第11頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)4. The length of the road is twice/double what it was three years
8、 ago. 【筆譯】【視譯】這條路的長(zhǎng)度是三年前的兩倍。這條路比三年前延長(zhǎng)了一倍。第12頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)譯評(píng)筆譯句式不是中文聽(tīng)眾所習(xí)慣的表達(dá)句式,聽(tīng)起來(lái)略顯費(fèi)解。視譯句式首先確立“路”為表述主體,更符合普通中文聽(tīng)眾的思維習(xí)慣,“延長(zhǎng)”一詞的使用既易于理解,又增加了動(dòng)態(tài)表述效果。第13頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)5. Three hundred students or less attended the two-day seminar on modern English poetry. 【筆譯】 【視譯】不足三百名學(xué)生出席了這場(chǎng)兩天的現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌研討會(huì)。近
9、三百名學(xué)生參加了這次為期兩天的現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌研討會(huì)。第14頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例句)譯評(píng)兩個(gè)版本的語(yǔ)義準(zhǔn)確度都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,但筆譯句子聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些別扭,原因是不符合聽(tīng)眾的語(yǔ)境與語(yǔ)言符號(hào)匹配習(xí)慣?!敖焙汀皡⒓印狈謩e替代“不足”和“出席”,以及“為期”的使用,都更加貼近中文聽(tīng)眾的習(xí)慣。修飾普通聽(tīng)眾的與會(huì)行為“參加”當(dāng)然比“出席”更貼切。第15頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)1. Zambia is an inspiring example of a nationally-coordinated effort. Three million long-lasting insecti
10、cide-treated bednets are being distributed there this year, and the country is close to reaching its national target of 80 percent of households with at least one netup from 20 percent two years ago. 第16頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段) 1. Zambia is an inspiring example of a nationally-coordinated effort. Three
11、 million long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets are being distributed there this year, 贊比亞是舉全國(guó)之力做事的典范。 已有三百萬(wàn)床優(yōu)質(zhì)蚊帳于今年分發(fā)到全國(guó)各地,第17頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)and the country is close to reaching its national target of 80 percent of households with at least one netup from 20 percent two years ago. 該數(shù)字與其國(guó)家目標(biāo)十
12、分接近,即讓百分之八十的家庭至少擁有一床蚊帳,而兩年前擁有一床蚊帳的家庭只有百分之二十。第18頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯 (例段) 【筆譯】【視譯】贊比亞是舉全國(guó)之力做事的成功范例。今年,約300 萬(wàn)床耐用驅(qū)蟲(chóng)蚊帳分發(fā)到全國(guó)各地,該數(shù)字已接近其國(guó)家目標(biāo),即把擁有至少一床蚊帳的家庭比例從兩年前的20%提升到80%。贊比亞是舉全國(guó)之力做事的典范。已有三百萬(wàn)床優(yōu)質(zhì)蚊帳于今年分發(fā)到全國(guó)各地,該數(shù)字與其國(guó)家目標(biāo)十分接近,即讓百分之八十的家庭至少擁有一床蚊帳,而兩年前擁有一床蚊帳的家庭只有百分之二十。第19頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)譯評(píng)相較筆譯而言,視譯更具同傳的某些特征,如理解原
13、文時(shí)重實(shí)詞,輕虛詞;重語(yǔ)義,輕邏輯。表述譯文時(shí)重要義,輕修飾;重習(xí)慣,輕句法。視譯句子里inspiring 的語(yǔ)義便揉進(jìn)了“典范”;“優(yōu)質(zhì)”便包含了long-lasting 的語(yǔ)義;“蚊帳”即使沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)殺蟲(chóng)劑處理也同樣具有驅(qū)蟲(chóng)效果,該細(xì)節(jié)在此無(wú)需贅述,目的還是盡量減少干擾,易于視譯受眾理解。第20頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)2. Mozambique is one of the most sparsely populated on the continent, with just 23.4 million people. Having enjoyed high growth ra
14、tes of around 8 percent year on year between 1994 and 2019, Mozambique is on course for more as mega-projects in mining and energy take off. 第21頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)2. Mozambique is one of the most sparsely populated on the continent, with just 23.4 million people. 莫桑比克是非洲大陸人煙最稀少的國(guó)家之一,人口僅有兩千三百四十萬(wàn)。 第
15、22頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)Having enjoyed high growth rates of around 8 percent year on year between 1994 and 2019, Mozambique is on course for more as mega-projects in mining and energy take off. 該國(guó)人口從1994 到2019 年環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)率高達(dá)約百分之八。該國(guó)人口還將進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng),原因是該國(guó)的大型礦產(chǎn)能源項(xiàng)目正在紛紛啟動(dòng)。 第23頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)【筆譯】莫桑比克是該大陸人口最稀少的國(guó)
16、家之一,只有兩千三百四十萬(wàn)人。從1994到2019 年間,莫桑比克的人口每年都保持約8%的高增長(zhǎng)率。由于許多大型礦產(chǎn)能源項(xiàng)目的啟動(dòng),該國(guó)人口還將進(jìn)一步增加。第24頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)【視譯】莫桑比克是非洲大陸人煙最稀少的國(guó)家之一,人口僅有兩千三百四十萬(wàn)。該國(guó)人口從1994 到2019 年環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)率高達(dá)約百分之八。該國(guó)人口還將進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng),原因是該國(guó)的大型礦產(chǎn)能源項(xiàng)目正在紛紛啟動(dòng)。 第25頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例段)譯評(píng)筆譯版本盡管在許多地方已努力達(dá)到順暢、意譯的效果,但由于部分結(jié)構(gòu)忽略了視譯規(guī)律,使得該版本在視譯實(shí)踐中缺乏可行性。最后半句話尤為典型,譯員在艱難
17、地分別理解on course for more 和mega-projects in mining and energy take off 的同時(shí),很難再想到并顛倒兩部分的語(yǔ)序,那樣做無(wú)疑給譯員平添了無(wú)謂的麻煩。 第26頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇) Generally speaking, larger countries have a larger population. For instance, Malta has an area of 316 sq kilometers and a population of 366,000; Holland, an area of 41,1
18、60 sq kilometers and a population of 14,275,000; and France, an area of 551,208 sq kilometers and a population of 53,963,000. However, it is not always so owing to historical, geographical and economic reasons. As we know, China, the United States, and Canada roughly have the same area (respectively
19、 9,600,000; 9,363,123, and 9,922,330 sq kilometers). But their populations vary a great deal with China 1.3 billion, the United States 229,805,000 and Canada 24,098,000. Another illustrating example is the former Soviet Union with an area of 22,402,200 sq kilometers and a population of only 268,800,
20、000, and India with an area of only 2,974,700 sq kilometers but a population as large as 700,000,000. 第27頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇)【視譯】 總的來(lái)講,國(guó)家面積大,人口也會(huì)相對(duì)多一些。比方說(shuō),馬耳他的面積是三百一十六平方公里,它的人口是三十六萬(wàn)六千。荷蘭的面積是四萬(wàn)一千一百六十平方公里,其人口為一千四百二十七萬(wàn)五千。法國(guó)的面積是五十五萬(wàn)一千二百零八平方公里,人口為五千三百九十六萬(wàn)三千。 但是,由于歷史、地理、經(jīng)濟(jì)等原因,情況并不總是這樣。我們知道中國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大三國(guó)的面積大
21、體相似,分別是九百六十萬(wàn)平方公里、九百三十六萬(wàn)三千一百二十三平方公里和九百九十二萬(wàn)二千三百三十平方公里,然而其人口卻相去甚遠(yuǎn)。中國(guó)大約有十三億,美國(guó)有二億二千九百八十萬(wàn)零五千,而加拿大則只有二千四百零九萬(wàn)八千人口。 另一個(gè)比較能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的例子是前蘇聯(lián)和印度。前蘇聯(lián)的面積是二千二百四十萬(wàn)零二千二百平方公里,人口只有二億六千八百八十萬(wàn)。然而,印度雖然只有二百九十七萬(wàn)四千七百平方公里,其人口卻達(dá)七億。 第28頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯 (例篇詳解) Generally speaking, larger countries have a larger population. For insta
22、nce, Malta has an area of 316 sq kilometers and a population of 366,000; Holland, an area of 41,160 sq kilometers and a population of 14,275,000; 總的來(lái)講,國(guó)家面積大,人口也會(huì)相對(duì)多一些。 比方說(shuō),馬耳他的面積是三百一十六平方公里,它的人口是三十六萬(wàn)六千。荷蘭的面積是四萬(wàn)一千一百六十平方公里,其人口為一千四百二十七萬(wàn)五千。第29頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。and France, an area of 551,208 sq kilometers and a popu
23、lation of 53,963,000. However, it is not always so owing to historical, geographical and economic reasons. As we know, 第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯 (例篇詳解)法國(guó)的面積是五十五萬(wàn)一千二百零八平方公里,人口為五千三百九十六萬(wàn)三千。 但是,由于歷史、地理、經(jīng)濟(jì)等原因,情況并不總是這樣。 我們知道第30頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。China, the United States, and Canada roughly have the same area (respectively 9,600,000
24、; 9,363,123, and 9,922,330 sq kilometers). But their populations vary a great deal with China 1.3 billion, 第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇詳解)中國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大三國(guó)的面積大體相似,分別是九百六十萬(wàn)平方公里、九百三十六萬(wàn)三千一百二十三平方公里和九百九十二萬(wàn)二千三百三十平方公里,然而其人口卻相去甚遠(yuǎn)。中國(guó)大約有十三億,第31頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。 the United States 229,805,000 and Canada 24,098,000. Another illustrating examp
25、le is the former Soviet Union with an area of 22,402,200 sq kilometers and a population of only 268,800,000, 第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯 (例篇詳解)美國(guó)有二億二千九百八十萬(wàn)零五千,而加拿大則只有二千四百零九萬(wàn)八千人口。 另一個(gè)比較能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的例子是前蘇聯(lián)和印度。前蘇聯(lián)的面積是二千二百四十萬(wàn)零二千二百平方公里,人口只有二億六千八百八十萬(wàn)。第32頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇詳解)and India with an area of only 2,974,700 sq kilometer
26、s but a population as large as 700,000,000. 然而,印度雖然只有二百九十七萬(wàn)四千七百平方公里,其人口卻達(dá)七億。 第33頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇)譯評(píng) (1)視譯英文數(shù)字時(shí)要充分利用英文數(shù)字里的逗號(hào)分隔作用,應(yīng)從左至右把每個(gè)逗號(hào)與其分別指向的hundred、thousand、million、billion、trillion 等緊密鏈接,反復(fù)識(shí)讀位數(shù)較多的數(shù)字,以便提高對(duì)英文數(shù)字的認(rèn)知速度。 第34頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇)譯評(píng) (2)英漢數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換的難點(diǎn)是中文的“萬(wàn)”位與英文不對(duì)應(yīng),因此可以著重練習(xí)一些大數(shù)字,但應(yīng)該先從“萬(wàn)
27、”位數(shù)開(kāi)始,再練習(xí)“十萬(wàn)”、“百萬(wàn)”、“千萬(wàn)”、“億(萬(wàn)萬(wàn))” 位數(shù)。切記,練習(xí)數(shù)字視譯要從小位數(shù)開(kāi)始,而且要大量重復(fù)練習(xí)同位數(shù)的數(shù)字,十分熟練后再逐漸增加位數(shù),以此類(lèi)推。 第35頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇)譯評(píng)(3)中英文的數(shù)詞和數(shù)量單位的排列順序有時(shí)相同,有時(shí)不相同,這一點(diǎn)值得注意。中文都是數(shù)詞在先,數(shù)量單位詞在后;而英文有時(shí)數(shù)詞和數(shù)量單位詞的順序是顛倒的, 如USD 150,英漢數(shù)詞和數(shù)量單位排列順序的差異增加了口譯的難度。 (4)此處的國(guó)家面積大小實(shí)質(zhì)上是個(gè)相對(duì)概念,所以英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇里使用的是比較級(jí), 而中文表面文字結(jié)構(gòu)上淡化了這一點(diǎn),這是中文,尤其是口頭中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 第
28、36頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(例篇)譯評(píng)(5)平時(shí)要刻意關(guān)注與中英文數(shù)字經(jīng)常搭配的詞語(yǔ),如篇中vary a great deal 在不同的語(yǔ)境里可譯成“相差懸殊”、“相去甚遠(yuǎn)”、“大相徑庭”、“天壤之別”,甚至是“風(fēng)馬牛不相及”之類(lèi)的典故。再如練習(xí)篇里的amount、total 等均為與數(shù)詞搭配的常見(jiàn)詞,積累多了,臨場(chǎng)視譯時(shí)便可信手拈來(lái),輕車(chē)熟路。 第37頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)句)(1) For the use of new technology, agricultural output in this area for 2019 is estimated
29、to be three times that of 2019. (2) The principal advantage of the new machine over old-fashion machine is 4-fold reduction in weight. (3) Its one-twentieth the thickness of a human hair. 第38頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)句)(4) Youve leveraged your 25 years commitment to polio into more than $600 million t
30、o pay for the most aggressive push yet to end this deadly disease. (5) About 26 accidents occurred during sea transport between January and October this year, causing direct economic losses of almost 40 million yuan, 21.7 percent more than the same period last year, official statistics show. 第39頁(yè),共5
31、9頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):參考答案)(1)由于運(yùn)用了新技術(shù),該地區(qū)2019 年農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量預(yù)估比2019 年增加兩倍。 (2)新機(jī)器的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn),較之舊機(jī)器而言,是其重量減少了四倍。 (3)它相當(dāng)于人類(lèi)頭發(fā)絲的二十分之一那么細(xì)。 (4)在與小兒麻痹抗?fàn)幍亩迥昀?,你們已籌資超過(guò)六億美元,用于這場(chǎng)雄心勃勃的運(yùn)動(dòng),其宗旨是要消滅這一致命疾病。 (5)今年1 月至10 月,海運(yùn)事故共發(fā)生約二十六起,造成直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失約四千萬(wàn)元人民幣,相比去年同期上升了百分之二十一點(diǎn)七,以上源自官方報(bào)道。第40頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)段)(1) Taobao Mall said las
32、t Monday that it would increase annual membership fees from 6,000 yuan ($940) to between 30,000 yuan to 60,000 yuan, depending on the type and scale of the business. Fees will be fully or partially refunded to a shop if its scale and service quality meet set criteria. 第41頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)段)(2
33、) US innovation has always been based, in part, on the contributions of the thousands upon thousands of foreign-born scientists and researchers. For example, a recent survey conducted by several universities showed that between 2019 and 2019, firms with at least one foreign-born founder created 450,
34、000 new US jobs. 第42頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):參考答案)(1)淘寶商城上周一稱(chēng),將把年度加盟費(fèi)由六千元人民幣(合九百四十美元)提至三萬(wàn)元至六萬(wàn)元人民幣不等,具體收費(fèi)將視企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)類(lèi)型和規(guī)模而定。該費(fèi)用將全額或部分退回該商戶,條件是商戶經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模和服務(wù)質(zhì)量達(dá)到規(guī)定要求。 (2)美國(guó)的創(chuàng)新在一定程度上是基于成千上萬(wàn)的外裔科學(xué)家和研究人員的貢獻(xiàn)。舉個(gè)例子,幾所大學(xué)最近作的一份調(diào)查表明,2019 年到2019 年之間,擁有至少一名外裔創(chuàng)始人的企業(yè)總共為美國(guó)創(chuàng)造了四十五萬(wàn)個(gè)新的工作崗位。 第43頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇)(1) The 198
35、0s also saw encouraging progress in Chinas foreign economic relations. The import and export trade multiplied, and overseas investment in China rapidly increased. Overseas-funded enterprises in China now number 17,000, with the actual investment totaling more than US$23 billion and the prospect cont
36、inues to look good for the 1990s. Last year, for example, the pledged volume of overseas investment amounted to US$11.1 billion, more than 70 percent over that of 1990. 第44頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇) Since the beginning of the 1990s, we in China have started to work for doubling our GNP over again. I
37、n this endeavour, difficulties of one type or another are hardly avoidable, but we believe that through hard work we shall be able to attain this goal. Our confidence comes, among other things, from the fact that last year, despite the extremely severe floods in East China, which inflicted heavy los
38、ses on the economy, we still managed to attain a 7 percent growth rate. The grain and cotton output reached 435.3 million tons and 5.66 million tons respectively, making for another year of record harvest. The total industrial output value 第45頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇)increased by 14.2 percent, inve
39、stment in fixed asset by 18.6 percent, import and export by 17.5 percent, and the foreign exchange reserve exceeded US$40 billion. Inflation rate was kept below 4 percent. 第46頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇)(2) The US has gained 387,000 managers and lost almost 2m clerical jobs since 2019, as new technolo
40、gies replace office workers and plunge the American middle class deeper into crisis. New data from the Bureau of Labour Statistics divide the US workforce into 821 jobs from dishwasher to librarian. They show rapid structural shiftson top of a cyclical unemployment rate of 7.7 percent that may drive
41、 up income inequality. 第47頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇) The figures help explain why the US median household income has fallen 5.6 percent since June 2009 to $51,404, even as the economy recovers. The top 10 percent of American earners, meanwhile, are collecting most all the fruits of the recovery. One
42、 likely cause of rising inequality is new computing technologies that destroy some middle-class occupations even as they create jobs for highly-skilled workers who can exploit them. 第48頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇) The number of clerical workers such as book-keepers, tellers, data entry keyers, file cl
43、erks and typists has been falling, pointing to structural decline. The number of retail cashiers has dropped, an indication that internet shopping and self-checkout systems may be eroding another occupation. Jobs growth came from healthcare, management, computing and food service jobs. The number of
44、 personal care aides is up by 390,000 since 2019. 第49頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇)Demand for people who figure out how to replace clerical workerssuch as operations managers, management analysts and logisticiansgrew substantially. “We see growth in jobs that require complex, personalized interactionssu
45、ch as home health aidesand continued declines in routine transaction and production jobs that can be scripted and automated,” said Susan Lund, co-author of a McKinsey Global Institute report on the future of work.第50頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇) But salaries for many of the fast-growing occupations are
46、 lower than those they are replacing. The average wage for a clerical job in 2019 was $34,410 compared with $24,550 in personal care. The average computing wage was $80,180 and $108,570 for managers. However, Lawrence Mishel, president of the Economic Policy Institute in Washington, noted that even
47、high-skill job growth has slowed in the last decade. “People focus a lot on occupational trends but its not clear to me that they are whats driving wage outcomes. What I think is going on is much bigger.employers have the upper hand in every area of work.” 第51頁(yè),共59頁(yè)。第3單元 數(shù)詞句視譯(視譯練習(xí):語(yǔ)篇)The shift shows how hard it will be for policy makers to halt or reverse the rise in income inequality. Clerical workers still account for 16 per cent of US jobs, and technology is likely to kee
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