考點一形容詞和副詞的基本用法課件

1、四、形容詞和副詞第1頁，共37頁。語法專項精講跟蹤訓練運用第2頁，共37頁。語法專項精講 細篩選巧拓展考點一形容詞和副詞的基本用法1.形容詞的基本用法形容詞在句中可以作定語、表語、補語(含賓語補足語和主語補足語)和狀語。作狀語時與句子用逗號隔開,修飾不定代詞時要后置。Although it doesnt taste of anything special,its still worth a try.盡管它嘗起來沒有任何特殊的地方,但是還是值得一試。Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail ag

2、ain.天氣狀況太差,他想再找到(雪橇的)軌跡是不可能的。第3頁，共37頁。2.副詞的基本用法副詞在句中可以用作狀語,主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或修飾整個句子,表示時間、地點、程度、方式等。Thankfully,I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.謝天謝地,我終于打完比賽了,所有的辛苦最終都是值得的。第4頁，共37頁。特別提示 常考的連接性副詞:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile “在此期間”;therefore/ thus/consequently“因此,

3、所以”;moreover/ furthermore “而且,此外”;besides“而且,另外,還有”; however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“盡管,即使這樣”;otherwise “否則”。The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead,he bought a used one.那個年輕人買不起新車,便買了一輛二手的。The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,Id grown fond of our little rented house.這個房子太

4、貴、太大了。而且,我已經(jīng)越來越喜歡我們租的這間小屋了。第5頁，共37頁。3.意義有別的同根副詞close 接近地closely 仔細地free 免費地 freely 自由地hard 努力地 hardly 幾乎不late 遲,晚 lately 近來most 極,非常 mostly 主要地wide 廣闊地 widely 廣泛地high 高 highly 高度地deep 深 deeply 深刻地,深沉地near 臨近 nearly 幾乎pretty 相當?shù)?prettily 迷人地第6頁，共37頁。特別提示 常見的以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞,如:lovely, lonely, lively, deadly

5、, friendly,likely, unlikely, silly, ugly, daily, motherly, fatherly, brotherly, elderly等。Deep in thought,he didnt notice me.陷入沉思中,他沒注意到我。He was deeply moved by the moving story.他被這個感人的故事深深地感動了。第7頁，共37頁?？键c二形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則形式單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級后加-er,-est構(gòu)成。如: clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊變

6、化見下表:特殊情況構(gòu)成方式例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-r和-stbravebraverbravest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-er 和-esthappyhappierhappiest第8頁，共37頁。多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級前加more,most構(gòu)成。 activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且詞尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾,再加-er和-esthothotterhottest第9頁，共37頁。(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,illwo

7、rseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest第10頁，共37頁。特別提示 以下形容詞及其副詞無比較級和最高級:relative,absolute,perfect,entire,senior,unique,present,simply,right,wrong等。2.基本用法(1)兩者相比,表示“和一樣”,用“as+原級+as”表示。 He learns as quickly as his classmates. 他和他的同學學得一樣快。特

8、別提示 在同級比較中,若同時出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其語序為:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我們的鄰居有一套和我們的一樣大的房子。第11頁，共37頁。(2)兩者相比,表示“不如”,用“not as/so+原級+as”。 Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I am.不幸的是, 我妻子不如我那么喜歡他們。(3)兩者相比,表示“比更”,用“比較級+than”;表示“不如”,用 “not+比較級+than”。 Seeking information on

9、 the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上查找信息比在圖書館查找更方便。 This one is not better than that one. 這個不如那個好。第12頁，共37頁。特別提示 修飾比較級的詞語有:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等;還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。 修飾最高級的詞語有:by far, far, much, m

10、ostly, almost和序數(shù)詞。We have a much better life now.我們現(xiàn)在的日子好得多了。The buildings look far uglier in London than here.倫敦的建筑比這兒的難看得多。She is the second tallest student in our class.她是我們班第二高的學生。第13頁，共37頁。3.特殊用法(1)“比較級+and+比較級”表示 “越來越”。 In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent. 在很多

11、方面,我的殘疾已經(jīng)使我變得越來越獨立。(2)“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越,就越”。 The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate. 我越煩就越不能集中精力。(3)“more+原級+than+原級”表示“與其說不如說”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 與其說這個女孩是受了傷,不如說是受到了驚嚇。第14頁，共37頁。(4)“more than+主語+can+謂語”表示“非所能;不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can

12、describe. 這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。(5)形容詞比較級前一般不用冠詞,但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語時,就需要加定 冠詞。 Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 這兩姐妹中,瑪麗更聰明。特別提示 有時形容詞最高級前不用the,句中的most 相當于very,意為“非常,十分”。This is a most interesting story.這是一個很有趣的故事。第15頁，共37頁。4.比較級形式表示最高級含義 在某個特定范圍內(nèi),同類事物對比,可用以下比較級結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。 比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞 比較級+than

13、+the other+復數(shù)名詞 比較級+than+anyone/ anything else 比較級+than+any of the other+復數(shù)名詞 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中國是亞洲最大的國家,即中國比亞洲其他任何國家都要大。第16頁，共37頁。5.表示倍數(shù)的三個常用句型(1).倍數(shù)+as+原級+as. He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得有約翰三倍快。(2).倍數(shù)+比較級+than

14、. This table is three times bigger than that one. 這張桌子比那張桌子大兩倍。(3).倍數(shù)+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of. This table is three times the size of that one. 這張桌子是那張的三倍大。 第17頁，共37頁?？键c三形容詞和副詞的詞形變化1.常見的形容詞后綴形容詞后綴意義例詞-able-ible可的;能的;應的;有性質(zhì)的acceptable可接受的available可獲得的valuable有價值的reasonable合理的accessible可接近

15、的-al與有關的typical典型的digital數(shù)碼的cultural文化的environmental環(huán)境的第18頁，共37頁。-ant/-ent是的frequent頻繁的convenient方便的efficient效率高的significant有意義的-ful充滿的;有性質(zhì)(或傾向的)successful成功的meaningful有意義的powerful強大的thankful感激的-less無的;沒有的endless無盡的aimless無目標的powerless無能為力的第19頁，共37頁。-tive有傾向的attractive迷人的effective有效的instructive有教育意義

16、的-ed感到的scarescared感到恐懼的confuseconfused感到困惑的-ing令人的surprisesurprising令人驚異的convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人滿意的-ous具有性質(zhì)的continuecontinuous不斷的;持續(xù)的anxietyanxious 憂慮的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的第20頁，共37頁。-ern方向的easteastern 東方的;向東的-y多的foggy多霧的greedy貪婪的wealthy富有的healthy健康的第21頁，共37頁。2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)

17、換為副詞情況變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾加-lyimmediateimmediatelywonderfulwonderfully一些以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的形容詞把-y改為-i,再加-lyeasyeasilyangryangrilynoisynoisily以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-ypossiblepossiblycomfortablecomfortably以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-lytruetruly以-ll結(jié)尾的形容詞在詞尾加-yfullfully第22頁，共37頁。常見的形容詞否定前綴(表示“不”、“非”、“無”)前綴意義例詞il-用于以l開頭的單詞前l(fā)egalillegal

18、不合法的logicalillogical不合邏輯的im-用于以 m,p 或 b 開頭的單詞前politeimpolite無禮的patientimpatient不耐煩的ir-ir-用于r前regularirregular不規(guī)則的responsibleirresponsible不負責任的in-用于其他情況formalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的un-是一個活用前綴usualunusual不尋常的willingunwilling不愿意的第23頁，共37頁。真題鏈接1.It is difficult to figure out a global popu

19、lation of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied.(2019全國)答案及剖析:1.poorly考查副詞。句意:很難計算出全球北極熊的數(shù)量,因為它們大部分活動范圍沒有很好地被研究。修飾動詞studied用副詞poorly。第24頁，共37頁。2.We are so proud of her.Its (wonder). (2019全國)3.Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around huma

20、n settlements,leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are(high) than they actually are. (2019全國) 答案及剖析:2.wonderful本句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),故用wonder的形容詞形式作表語。3.higher考查形容詞比較級。句意:科學家回應指出饑餓的熊可能會聚集在人類居住區(qū)周圍,導致人們的錯覺是熊的數(shù)量比實際數(shù)量多。根據(jù)than可知用比較級。that populations are higher than they actually are 是 the illusion(錯覺)的同位語從句。第

21、25頁，共37頁。4.Her years of hard work have(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.(2019全國)5.They also shared with us many(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.(2019全國)答案及剖析:4.finally此處應用副詞作狀語,修飾謂語動詞。5.traditional;hu

22、gely本題有提示詞,給名詞填形容詞,考查詞性與句子成分的對等性,根據(jù)前面的many及其后的stories可知,此處應填形容詞作定語;所填的詞修飾形容詞popular,故應用huge的副詞形式hugely。behugely popular with表示“非常受歡迎”。第26頁，共37頁。跟蹤訓練運用 重實效沖高考.單句語法填空1.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and its never too early to make n

23、ecessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.(2019北京)答案及剖析:1.meaningful考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用形容詞作定語修飾名詞college experience。第27頁，共37頁。2.When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings,car drivers can (easy) see them.(2019浙江)3.According to a review of eviden

24、ce in a medical journal,runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2018全國)答案及剖析:2.easily考查副詞。司機就能很容易看到他們。此處修飾動詞see要用副詞easily,作狀語。3.longer考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)空白處之后的than可知,此處用long的比較級。第28頁，共37頁。4.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total(globe) fertilizer consumption.(2018

25、全國)5.A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.(2018全國)答案及剖析:4.global考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處和total一起修飾名詞短語fertilizer consumption意為“全世界的化肥總消耗量”。5.actually考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。應用副詞作狀語修飾介詞短語behind the change。第29頁，共37頁。6.You can live a more (power) life w

26、hen you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.7.Have you ever been so (absorb) in a video game as to forget sleep and meals?答案及剖析:6.powerful空格處修飾后面的名詞life,用形容詞,指“強有力的”。7.absorbed此處作表語,位于系動詞后,故填absorbed“專心于”。第30頁，共37頁。8.Things in charity shops are much (cheap) tha

27、n those in street stores.9.Police are asking for help from the public with an investigation into an armed robbery at downtown (early) this year.10.If the patient was extremely fat,it was (possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.答案及剖析:8.cheaper由系動詞可知填形容詞,另外由“than”可知填比較級,故填cheaper。9.earlier根據(jù)空格位置可知此處填副

28、詞,根據(jù)語境,“今年早些時間在購物街發(fā)生的持械搶劫案”可知填比較級earlier。10.impossible本題考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,根據(jù)語境可知此處表示不可能的。故填possible的反義詞,在其前加前綴“im-”。第31頁，共37頁。.語法填空 Visitors to Britain may find the 1. (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2. (tradition) pub.A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pub

29、s starting with the 3. (difficult) of getting a drink.This may sound inconvenient,but there is a 4. (hide) meaning.第32頁，共37頁。 Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness.Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be

30、served.The bar counter is 5. .(possible) the only place in Britain where a 6. (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 7. (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior.8. ,if you do not follow the local rules,the experience may fall flat.For example,if you are in a big group,it is best fo

31、r one or two people to go to buy the drinks.Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9. (much) than a group of 10. (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.語篇解讀:本文講述的是關于享受英國文化最好的去處:酒吧。第33頁，共37頁。答案及剖析:1.best考查形容詞最高級的用法。根據(jù)語境分析可知,此處暗含了一定的范圍,即“在英