商務(wù)英語詞匯大全資料(共25頁)

1、 PAGE 34商務(wù)(shngw)英語詞匯大全（一）economist 經(jīng)濟學(xué)家socialist economy 社會主義(shhuzhy)經(jīng)濟capitalist economy 資本主義(zbnzhy)經(jīng)濟collective economy 集體經(jīng)濟planned economy 計劃經(jīng)濟controlled economy 管制經(jīng)濟rural economics 農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟liberal economy 經(jīng)濟mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟political economy 政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)protectionism 保護主義autarchy 閉關(guān)自守primary sector 初級成

2、分private sector 私營成分,私營部門public sector 公共部門,公共成分economic channels 經(jīng)濟渠道economic balance 經(jīng)濟平衡economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟波動economic depression 經(jīng)濟衰退economic stability 經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定economic policy 經(jīng)濟政策economic recovery 經(jīng)濟復(fù)原understanding 約定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特爾rate of growth 增長economi

3、c trend 經(jīng)濟趨勢economic situation 經(jīng)濟形勢infrastructure 基本建設(shè)standard of living 生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生活水平purchasing power, buying power 購買力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣underdevelopment 不發(fā)達(dá)underdeveloped 不發(fā)達(dá)的developing 發(fā)展中的initial capital 創(chuàng)辦資本frozen capital 凍結(jié)資金frozen assets 凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)real estate 不動產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)circul

4、ating capital, working capital 流動資本available capital 可用資產(chǎn)capital goods 資本貨物reserve 準(zhǔn)備金,儲備金calling up of capital 催繳資本allocation of funds 資金分配contribution of funds 資金捐獻working capital fund 周轉(zhuǎn)基金revolving fund 循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金contingency fund 意外開支,準(zhǔn)備金reserve fund 準(zhǔn)備金buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準(zhǔn)基金sinking fund 償債基金inves

5、tment 投資,資產(chǎn)investor 投資人self-financing 自籌經(jīng)費,經(jīng)費自給bank 銀行current account 經(jīng)常帳戶 （美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帳戶 （美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票 （美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票crossed cheque 劃線支票travellers cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 （美作:checkbook）endo

6、rsement 背書transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過戶money 貨幣issue 發(fā)行ready money 現(xiàn)錢cash 現(xiàn)金ready money business, no credit given 現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠change 零錢banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 （美作:bill）to pay （in） cash 付現(xiàn)金domestic currency, local currency 本國貨幣convertibility 可兌換性convertible currencies 可兌換貨幣exchange rate 匯率,兌換率foreign exchange 外匯floati

7、ng exchange rate 浮動匯率free exchange rates 匯兌市場foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券hard currency 硬通貨speculation 投機saving 儲裝,存款depreciation 減價,貶值devaluation （貨幣）貶值revaluation 重估價runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹deflation 通貨緊縮capital flight 資本外逃securities business 證券市場stock exchange 貢市場stock exchange corporatio

8、n 證券交易所stock exchange 證券交易所,貢交易所quotation 報價,牌價share 股份,貢shareholder, stockholder 貢持有人,股東dividend 股息,紅利cash dividend 現(xiàn)金配股stock investment 貢投資investment trust 投資信托stock-jobber 貢經(jīng)紀(jì)人stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司securities 有價證券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 優(yōu)先股income gain 股利收入issue 發(fā)

9、行貢par value 股面價格, 票面價格bull 買手, 多頭bear 賣手, 空頭assigned 過戶opening price 開盤closing price 收盤hard times 低潮business recession 景氣衰退doldrums 景氣停滯dull 盤整ease 松弛raising limit 漲停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 債券Wall Street 華爾街short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權(quán)人creditor 債權(quán)人debtor 債務(wù)人

10、,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款short term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)funded debt 固定債務(wù),長期債務(wù)floating debt 流動債務(wù)drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, gr

11、ant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼short term loan 短期貸款long term loan 長期貸款medium term loan 中期貸款lender 債權(quán)人creditor 債權(quán)人debtor 債務(wù)人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)annuity 年金maturity 到期日,償還日amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付redemption 償還insurance 保險mortgage 抵押allotment 撥款s

12、hort term credit 短期信貸consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)funded debt 固定債務(wù),長期債務(wù)floating debt 流動債務(wù)drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼cost 成本,費用expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 營業(yè)間接成本overheads 雜項開支,間接成本operating costs 生產(chǎn)費用,營業(yè)成本operating expenses 營業(yè)費用running expenses 日常費用,

13、經(jīng)營費用miscellaneous costs 雜項費用overhead expenses 間接費用,管理費用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養(yǎng)護費用transport costs 運輸費用social charges 社會負(fù)擔(dān)費用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用apportionment of expenses 分?jǐn)傎M用income 收入,收益earnings 利潤,收益gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,總

14、利潤,利益毛額net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額average income 平均收入national income 國收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率yield 產(chǎn)量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 稅taxation system 稅制taxation 征稅,納稅fiscal charges 財務(wù)稅收progressive taxation 累進稅制graduated tax 累進稅value added tax 增值稅income tax 所得稅lan

15、d tax 地租,地價稅excise tax 特許權(quán)稅basis of assessment 估稅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)taxable income 須納稅的收入fiscality 檢查tax-free 免稅的tax exemption 免稅taxpayer 納稅人tax collector 收稅員China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿(mào)易全國理事會Japan-China Economic Association 日中經(jīng)

16、濟協(xié)會Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國際貿(mào)易促進會British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國國際貿(mào)易促進委員會International Chamber of Commerce 國際商會International Union of Marine Insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協(xié)會International Alumina Association 國際鋁礬土協(xié)會Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬國郵政

17、聯(lián)盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關(guān)稅合作理事會United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展理事會Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經(jīng)濟合作與開發(fā)組織European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟European Free Trade Area,

18、EFTA 歐洲貿(mào)易區(qū)Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經(jīng)濟互助委員會Eurogroup 歐洲集團Group of Ten 十國集團Committee of Twenty（Paris Club） 二十國委員會Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市場（加勒比貿(mào)易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organiza

19、tion, ATO 安第斯共同市場Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關(guān)稅經(jīng)濟同盟West African Economic Community

20、, WAEC 西非經(jīng)濟共同體Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國組織Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯(lián)邦特惠區(qū)Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法國對外貿(mào)易中心Peoples Bank of China 中國人銀行Bank of Chin

21、a 中國銀行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國際復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行World Bank 世界銀行International Development association, IDA 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會International Monetary Found Agreement 國際貨幣基金協(xié)定International Monetary Found, IMF 國際貨幣基金組織European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經(jīng)濟與貨幣同盟European Monetary Cooperati

22、on Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金B(yǎng)ank for International Settlements, BIS 國際結(jié)算銀行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開發(fā)銀行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國進出口銀行National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行American Express Co. Inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行The Chase Bank 大通銀行Inter-American Development Bank

23、, IDB 泛美開發(fā)銀行European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯(lián)合銀行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行International Finance Corporation, IFC 國際金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體Economic and Social Coun

24、cil, ECOSOC 聯(lián)合國經(jīng)濟及社會理事會United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯(lián)合國資本開發(fā)基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯(lián)合國工業(yè)發(fā)展組織United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會議Food and Agricultural Organization,

25、FAO 糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織, 糧農(nóng)組織Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠(yuǎn)東經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經(jīng)濟委員會Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲經(jīng)濟委員會Overseas Chinese Investment Company

26、 華僑投資公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所London Stock Market 倫敦貢市場Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業(yè)和航運交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three Rs 讀、寫、算school year 學(xué)年term, trimester 學(xué)季semester 學(xué)期school day 教學(xué)日sc

27、hool holidays 假期curriculum 課程subject 學(xué)科discipline 紀(jì)律timetable 課程表class, lesson 課homework 家庭作業(yè)exercise 練習(xí)dictation 聽寫spelling mistake 拼寫錯誤（short） course 短訓(xùn)班seminar 研討班playtime, break 課間,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃學(xué),曠課course （of study） 學(xué)業(yè)student body 學(xué)生（總稱）classmate, schoolmate 同學(xué)pupil 小學(xué)生studen

28、t 大學(xué)生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁聽生swot, grind 用的學(xué)生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 獎學(xué)金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 獎學(xué)金獲得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者（總稱）teachers 教師（總稱）primary school teacher 小學(xué)老師teacher lecturer 大學(xué)老師professor 教授schooling 教授,授課assistant 助教headmaster 校長 （

29、女性為:headmistress）deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校長rector 校長dean 教務(wù)長laboratory assistant, lab assistant 實驗員beadle, porter 門房,學(xué)校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 體育教師private tutor 私人教師,家庭教師pedagogue 文學(xué)教師（蔑稱）of school age 教齡beginning of term 開學(xué)matriculation 注冊to enroll, to enroll 予以注冊to take

30、 lessons （學(xué)生）上課to teach （老師）上課to study 學(xué)習(xí)to learn by heart 記住,掌握to revise, to go over 復(fù)習(xí)test 考試to test 考試to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 參加考試convocation notice 考試通知examiner 考試者board of examiners 考試團examination oral, written examination 口試,筆試question 問題question pap

31、er 試卷crib 夾帶 （美作:trot）to pass an examination （或exam）, 通過考試pass, passing grade 升級prizegiving 分配獎品to fall an examination 未通過考試failure 未考好to repeat a year 留級degree 學(xué)位graduate 畢業(yè)生to graduate 畢業(yè)project, thesis 畢業(yè)論文General Certificate of Education 中學(xué)畢業(yè)證書 （美作:high school diploma）holder of the General Certi

32、ficate of Education 中學(xué)畢業(yè)生 （美作:holder of a high school diploma）doctorate 博士學(xué)位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辯考試Chinese 語文English 英語Japanese 日語mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)science 理科gymnastics 體育history 歷史algebra 代數(shù)geometry 幾何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化學(xué)physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文學(xué)sociolog

33、y 社會學(xué)psycology 心理學(xué)philosophy 哲學(xué)engineering 工程學(xué)mechanical engineering 機械工程學(xué)electronic engineering 電子工程學(xué)medicine 醫(yī)學(xué)social science 社會科學(xué)agriculture 農(nóng)學(xué)astronomy 天文學(xué)economics 經(jīng)濟學(xué)politics 政治學(xué)commercial science 商學(xué)biochemistry 生物化學(xué)anthropology 人類學(xué)linguistics 語言學(xué)accounting 會計學(xué)law, jurisprdence 法學(xué)banking 銀行學(xué)me

34、tallurgy 冶金學(xué)finance 財政學(xué)mass-communication 大眾傳播學(xué)journalism 新聞學(xué)atomic energy 原子能學(xué)civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑學(xué)chemical, engineering 化學(xué)工程accounting and statisics 會計統(tǒng)計business administration 工商管理library 圖書館學(xué)diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 輔修school 學(xué)校kindergarten 幼兒園infant

35、school 幼兒學(xué)校primary school, junior school 小學(xué)secondary school 中學(xué)high school, secondary school ?？茖W(xué)校business school 商業(yè)學(xué)校technical school 工業(yè)學(xué)校technical college ?？茖W(xué)校（university） campus 大學(xué)university 大學(xué)boarding school 供膳宿的學(xué)校day school 日校,無宿舍學(xué)校,走讀學(xué)校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走讀學(xué)生academy ?？茖W(xué)院fac

36、ulty 系hall of residence 學(xué)校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 閱覽室 （美作:lecture theater）amphitheatre 階梯教室 （美作:amphitheater）staff room 教研室headmasters study, headmasters office 校長辦公室（assembly） hall 禮堂library 圖書館playground 操場desk 課桌blackboard 黑板（a piece of） chalk 粉筆slate pencil 石板筆wall map 掛圖skeleton map 廓圖,示意

37、圖globe 地球儀text book 課本dictionary 詞典encyclopedia 百科全書atlas地圖集satchel 書包exercise book 練習(xí)本rough not book 草稿本 （美作:scribbling pad）blotting paper 吸墨紙tracing paper 描圖紙squared paper, graph paper 坐標(biāo)紙（fountain） pen 自來水筆biro, ballpoint （pen） 圓珠筆pencil 鉛筆propelling pencil 自動鉛筆pencil sharpener 鉛筆刀,轉(zhuǎn)筆刀ink 墨水inkwe

38、ll 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 計算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圓規(guī)Ministry of Labour 勞工部 （美作epartment of Labor）labour market 勞工市場, 勞務(wù)市場Labour exchange, Employment exchange 職業(yè)介紹所 （美作:Employment Bureau）labour management 職業(yè)介紹經(jīng)紀(jì)人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by

39、 the hour 按小時付酬seasonal work 季節(jié)工作piecework work 計件工作timework work 計時工作teamwork work 聯(lián)合工作shift work 換班工作assembly line work 組裝線工作 （美作:serial production）workshop 車間handicrafts, crafts 手藝, 技藝trade, craft 行當(dāng)profession, occupation 職務(wù)employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空額work permit 工作許

40、可證to apply for a job 求職, 找工作application（for a job） 求職to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 勞務(wù)合同industrial accident 勞動事故occupational disease 職業(yè)病vocational guidance 職業(yè)指導(dǎo)vocational training 職業(yè)訓(xùn)練retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再訓(xùn)練, 再培訓(xùn)holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 勞力成

41、本fluctuation of labour 勞力波動 （美作f labor）worker 工作者permanent worker 長期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人員employee 職員clerk, office worker 辦公室人員salary earner 雇傭工人workman 工人organized labour 參加工會的工人skilled worker 技術(shù)工人unskilled worker 非技術(shù)工人specialized worker 熟練工人farm worker 農(nóng)場工人labourer worker 農(nóng)業(yè)工人day labourer 日工sea

42、sonal worker 季節(jié)工collaborator 合作者foreman 工頭trainee, apprentice 學(xué)徒工apprenticeship 學(xué)徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 專家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏勞力working class 工人階級proletarian 無產(chǎn)者proletariat 無產(chǎn)階級trade union 工會 （美作:labor union）trade unionist 工團主義者trade unionism 工團主義guild

43、行會,同會,公會association, society, union 協(xié)會emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward （工廠的）工會代表 （美作:union delegate）delegate 代表representative 代表works council 勞資聯(lián)合委員會labour law 勞工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time w

44、ork 半日工作working hours 工作時間overtime 業(yè)余時間remuneration 報酬pay, wage, salary 工資wage index 工資指數(shù)minimum wage 最低工資basic wage 基礎(chǔ)工資gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 實際收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 計時工資monthly wages 月工資weekly wages 周工資piecework wage 計件工資maximum wage 最高工資 （美作:wage ceiling）sliding scale 按物價計酬

45、法payment in kind 用實物付酬daily wages 日工資premium, bonus, extra pay 獎勵payday 發(fā)工資日, 付薪日pay slip 工資單payroll 薪水冊unemployment benefit 失業(yè)救濟old-age pension 退休金,養(yǎng)老金collective agreement 工會代表工人與資方代表達(dá)成的協(xié)議retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罷工striker 罷工者go-slow 怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout 停工（業(yè)主為抵制工人的要求而停工）staggered strike 階段性

46、罷工strike picket 罷工糾察隊員strike pay 罷工津貼（由工會給的）strikebreaker, blackleg 破壞罷工者down tools, sit-down strike 靜坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失業(yè)seasonal unemployment 季節(jié)性失業(yè)underemployment 不充分就業(yè)unemployed man 失業(yè)者（個人）the unemployed 失業(yè)者（集體）to discharge, to dismiss 辭退,開除,解雇dismissal 開除,解雇

47、to terminate a contract 結(jié)束合同,結(jié)束契約negotiation 談判collective bargaining 勞資雙方就工資等問題談判receptionist 接待員typist 打字員key puncher 電腦操作員stenographer 速記員telephone operator 電話接線員programmer 電腦程序員system analyst 系統(tǒng)分析員shorthand typist 速記打字員office girl 女記事員public servants 公務(wù)員national public servant 國家公務(wù)員local public s

48、ervice employee 地方公務(wù)員nation railroad man 國營鐵路職員tracer 繪圖員illustrator 匯稿員saleswoman 女店員pilot 駕駛員simultaneous 同時譯員publisher 出版人員graphic designer 美術(shù)設(shè)計員delivery boy 送報員secretary 秘書policeman 警察journalist 記者editor 編輯interpreter 通譯者director 導(dǎo)演talent 星探actor 男演員actress 女演員photographer 攝影師scholar 學(xué)者translato

49、r 翻譯家novelist 小說家playwright 劇作家linguist 語言學(xué)家botanist 植物學(xué)家economist 經(jīng)濟學(xué)家chemist 化學(xué)家scientist 科學(xué)家philosopher 哲學(xué)家politician 政治學(xué)家physicist 物理學(xué)家astropologist 人類學(xué)家archaeologist 考古學(xué)家geologist 地質(zhì)學(xué)家expert on folklore 俗學(xué)家mathematician 數(shù)學(xué)家biologist 生物學(xué)家zoologist 動物學(xué)家statistician 統(tǒng)計學(xué)家physiologist 生理學(xué)家futurologi

50、st 未來學(xué)家artists 藝術(shù)家painter 畫家musician 音樂家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 設(shè)計家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服裝設(shè)計師fashion coordinator 時裝調(diào)配師dressmaker 女裝裁剪師cutter 裁剪師sewer 裁縫師tailor 西裝師傅beautician 美容師model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局長taxi driver 出租車司機clerk 店員mailman 郵差newspaper boy 報童bootblack

51、擦鞋童poet 詩人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新聞評論人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 賣花人baker 面包師greengrocer 菜販fish-monger 魚販butcher 肉販shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店員stewardess 空中小姐conductor 車掌station agent 站長porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽車修理師architect 建筑師civil planner 城市設(shè)計師civil engineer 土木技師druggist, chemist,

52、pharmacist 藥劑師guide 導(dǎo)游oil supplier 加油工（public） health nurse 保健護士dentist 牙科醫(yī)生supervisor 監(jiān)工forman 工頭doctor 醫(yī)生nurse 護士宏觀經(jīng)濟的 macroeconomic通貨膨脹 inflation破產(chǎn) insolvency有償還債務(wù)能力的 solvent合同 contract匯率 exchange rate緊縮信貸 tighten credit creation私營部門 private sector財政管理機構(gòu) fiscal authorities寬松的財政政策 slack fiscal pol

53、icy稅法 tax bill財政 public finance財政部 the Ministry of Finance平衡預(yù)算 balanced budget繼承稅 inheritance tax貨幣主義者 monetariest增值稅 VAT （value added tax）收入 revenue總需求 aggregate demand商務(wù)(shngw)英語詞匯大全（二）貨幣化 monetization赤字(chz) deficit經(jīng)濟(jngj)不景氣 recessiona period when the economy of a country is notsuccessful, busi

54、ness conditions are bad, industrialproduction and trade are at a low level and thereis a lot of unemployment經(jīng)濟(jngj)好轉(zhuǎn) turnabout復(fù)蘇 recovery成本推進型 cost push貨幣供應(yīng) money supply生產(chǎn)率 productivity勞動力 labor force實際工資 real wages成本推進式通貨膨脹 cost-push inflation需求拉動式通貨膨脹 demand-pull inflation雙位數(shù)通貨膨脹 double- digit i

55、nflation極度通貨膨脹 hyperinflation長期通貨膨脹 chronic inflation治理通貨膨脹 to fight inflation最終目標(biāo) ultimate goal壞的影響 adverse effect擔(dān)保 ensure貼現(xiàn) discount蕭條的 sluggish認(rèn)購 subscribe to支票帳戶 checking account貨幣控制工具 instruments of monetry control借據(jù) IOUs（I owe you）本票 promissory notes貨幣總監(jiān) controller of the currency拖收系統(tǒng) collect

56、ion system支票清算或結(jié)算 check clearing資金劃撥 transfer of funds可以相信的證明 credentials改革 fashion被纏住 entangled貨幣聯(lián)盟 Monetary Union再購協(xié)議 repo精明的討價還價交易 horse-trading歐元 euro公共債務(wù) membership criteria匯率機制 REM儲備貨幣 reserve currency勞動密集型 labor-intensive貢交易所 bourse競爭領(lǐng)先 frontrun牛市 bull market非凡的牛市 a raging bull規(guī)模經(jīng)濟 scale econ

57、omcies買方出價與賣方要價之間的差價 bid-ask spreads期貨（貢） futures經(jīng)濟商行 brokerage firm回報率 rate of return貢 equities違約 default現(xiàn)金外流 cash drains經(jīng)濟人傭金 brokerage fee存款單 CD（certificate of deposit營業(yè)額 turnover資本市場 capital market布雷頓森林體系 The Bretton Woods System經(jīng)常帳戶 current account套利者 arbitrager遠(yuǎn)期匯率 forward exchange rate即期匯率 sp

58、ot rate實際利率 real interest rates貨幣政策工具 tools of monetary policy銀行倒閉 bank failures跨國公司 MNC （ Multi-National Corporation）商業(yè)銀行 commercial bank商業(yè)票據(jù) comercial paper利潤 profit本票，期票 promissory notes監(jiān)督 to monitor傭金（經(jīng)濟人） commission brokers套期保值 hedge有價證券平衡理論 portfolio balance theory外匯儲備 foreign exchange reserve

59、s固定匯率 fixed exchange rate浮動匯率 floating/flexible exchange rate貨幣選擇權(quán)（期貨） currency option套利 arbitrage合約價 exercise price遠(yuǎn)期升水 forward premium多頭買升 buying long空頭賣跌 selling short按市價訂購貢 market order貢經(jīng)紀(jì)人 stockbroker國際貨幣基金 the IMF七國集團 the G-7監(jiān)督 surveillance同業(yè)拆借市場 interbank market可兌換性 convertibility軟通貨 soft cur

60、rency限制 restriction交易 transaction充分需求 adequate demand短期外債 short term external debt匯率機制 exchange rate regime直接標(biāo)價 direct quotes資本流動性 mobility of capital赤字 deficit本國貨幣 domestic currency外匯交易市場 foreign exchange market國際儲備 international reserve利率 interest rate資產(chǎn) assets國際收支 balance of payments貿(mào)易差額 balance