博士研究生入學考試英語試題   

1、中國農業(yè)科學院2005年博士研究生入學考試英語試題(考試時間3小時滿分100分).VocabularyPartA.Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.1.Thesceneissobeautifulthatitmypowerofd

2、escription.A.transportsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms2.Theschoolmasterthegirlsbraveryinhisopeningspeech.A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped3.Themeaningof“yellow”isacolor,butitcanalsomean“cowardly.”A.positiveB.negativeC.underlyingD.literal4.Manypeoplethinkthatthestandardsofpublichavedecline

3、d.A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality5.Peopleweresurprisedtofindthathehadtheabilitytoeverythinghewasinvolvedin.A.precedeB.dominateC.pervadeD.denominate6.Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent.A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut7.Thismedicinewillthepaini

4、nthestomach.A.ascertainB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate8.Theapartmentwasas$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.A.automatedB.assessedCassertedD.avenged9.Theministerallhisofficialspaythetax.A.bidsB.blessesC.barksD.baffles10.Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehiscanbedistributed.A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.

5、platitudesD.analogiesPartB.Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentencesthereisonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart.MarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.11.Touristsflockfrom

6、theremotestplacestoseethecapitalssights.A.invadeB.troopC.promptD.gather12.Hehastoldsomanyliesthatwecannolongerplaceanyrelianceonwhathesays.A.beliefB.trustC.convictionD.dependence.13.Oilcanchangeasocietymoredrasticallythananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.A.grosslyB.severelyC.rapidlyD.radically14.Intimesof

7、economicdifficulty,governmentalbudgetsforeducationareoftenslashedbeforeanyothers.A.shiftedB.cutC.checkedD.donated15.Modernprintingequipmentquicklyturnsoutduplicatecopiesoftextualandpictorialmatter.A.identicalB.doubleC.illustratedD.legible16.Withheryoungestchildhavinglefthome,shefeltapressingneedtofi

8、llhertime.A.tenseB.thoroughC.urgentD.small17.Theroleoftheperformingartististointerpret,notalter,thenotesonaprintedsheetofmusic.A.omitB.reproduceC.composeD.change.18.Aircraftandrocketcanbeusedtocollectradioactivedebris,whilehigh-altitudesatellitescarrydetectorsforgammaraysandotheremissions.A.diffusio

9、nB.remainsC.glittertransfer19.Althoughwornoutbyyearsofservicetohiscountry,WashingtonacceptedthepresidencyoftheUnitedStates.A.favoredB.honoredC.exhaustedD.weakened20.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforcongenialityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentsarethebreathoflif

10、e.A.coexistenceB.coincidenceC.correlationD.compatibility.ClozeDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketontheANSWERSHEET.Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentway

11、sthroughouthistory.(21)evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(23)“stealingsalt”,hecouldbeputinprison.Historyrevealsthatabouttenthousandpeoplewereputinp

12、risonduringthatcentury(24)stealingsalt.Inthemodernworldsalthasmanyuses(25)thediningtable.Itisusedinmakingglassandairplaneparts,inthe(26)ofcropsandinkillingweeds.Itisalsousedtomakewatersoft,tomelticeonroadsandhighways,tomakesoap,andto(27)colorsincloth.Saltcanbeobtainedinvariousways,besidesbeingtakenf

13、romminesunderground.Evaporationofsaltwaterfromtheoceanorfromsaltwaterlakesorsmallseasisoneofthe(28)commonprocessesformanufacturingsalt.InAustralia,itcanevenbetakenfroma“saltbush”.Yet,(29)itisobtained,saltwillcontinuetoplayanimportant(30)inthelivesofmenandwomeneverywhere.21.A.AncientB.HistoricC.Histo

14、ricalD.Old22.A.saltB.saltedC.saltingD.salty23.A.arrestedB.caughtC.gotD.seized24.A.asB.byC.forD.through25.A.besidesB.beyondC.exceptD.over26.A.bearingB.developingC.growingD.training27.A.fastenB.fixC.preserveD.tie28.A.littleB.manyC.muchD.more29.A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever30.A.dutyB.function

15、C.responsibilityD.role.ReadingComprehensionPartA.Directions:Therearethreereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOne(1)Poultryfarmersneedtoadoptstricthygienestandardsto

16、curbAsiasdeadlybirdfluvirus,atopVietnameseofficialsaidontheeveofaninternationalconferenceWednesdayonfightingthedisease.(2)AdozenVietnamesehavediedofbirdflusinceDec.30,raisingconcernsthatthediseasecouldbere-emergingafteranoutbreaklastyearspreadto10Asiancountries,forcingtheslaughterofmorethan100millio

17、nbirds.(3)“Itsdifficulttochangetheirhabitbutweneedtoeducatethem,BuiQuangAnh,headoftheDepartmentforAnimalHealth,saidTuesday.Oncetheyunderstandandfollowalltheinstructions,wecanpreventthevirusfromspreading.”(4)Bigcommercialfarmslearnedfromthefirstoutbreakandappliedpreventivemeasures,suchasstricthygiene

18、standardsandregulardisinfection,Anhsaid.Themostrecentoutbreakwasonlyreportedinsmallfarms,whichfailedtoapplypreventivemeasures,hesaid.(5)Newregulationsshouldincludeseparatingducksfromchickens,requiringduckstoberaisedincagesandimprovinghygienemeasures,Anhsaid.Ducksshouldnotroamfreelyinricefieldsasthey

19、donowinthesouthernMekongDelta,headded.(6)Theconferencewillbelookingatavarietyofissues,includingmassvaccinations,fluresearch,farmhygiene,animalhusbandrypracticesandimprovingcoordinationbetweenanimalhealthandhumanhealthagencies.(7)Thevirus,whichinthelastyearhaskilled46peopleincluding32fromVietnamand12

20、fromThailandhasyettomutateintoaformthatcanbetransmittedbetweenhumans.Butscientistssayitmaymutatetoahumanformthatcouldbecomeasdeadlyastheonesthatkilledmillionsduringthreeinfluenzapandemicsofthe20thcentury.31.ThesubjectoftheinternationalconferencementionedinthefirstparagraphisaboutA.battlingtheSARSB.e

21、pidemicdiseasecontrolC.fightingtheavianfluD.publichealth32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.BirdfluwasfirstfoundinVietnam.B.Bigcommercialfarmshavetakenpreventivemeasurestocurbbirdflu.C.BuiQuangAnhbelievesthatitisimpossibletopreventthebirdflu.D.1,000birdswerekilledduringthel

22、astyearoutbreakofbirdflu.33.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmeasuresareNOTeffectiveinfightingagainstthebirdflu?A.toadoptstricthygienestandardsinpoultryfarms.B.tocarryoutregulardisinfectionC.toraiseducksandchickensseparatelyD.tostoppoultrytrade34.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatA.currently

23、thebirdfluviruscannotbetransmittedbetweenhumansB.thebirdfluvirusiseasytomutate.C.thebirdfluhaskilledmillionsofpeopleD.thebirdfluismoredeadlythancommoninfluenza.35.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.A.BirdFlu:ADeadlyDiseaseB.WhatCanWeLearnfromtheBirdFluC.Vietnam:theBiggestVictimoftheBirdFluD.OfficialUrgesFa

24、rmerstoCurbBirdFluPassageTwo(1)Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhap

25、smostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.Accordingly,evenbeforethemissionarymovementreallygotunderwayinthemid-nineteenthcentury,itwasalreadyatadisadvantage.After1860,asmissionaryactivit

26、yinthehinterlandexpanded,itquicklybecameapparentthatinadditiontotheintangibles,numeroustangiblegroundsforChinesehostilityabounded.(2)Inpart,theverypresenceofthemissionaryevokedattack,theywere,afterall,thefirstforeignerstoleavethetreatyportsandventureintotheinterior,andforalongtimetheywerevirtuallyth

27、eonlyforeignerswhosequotidianlaborscarriedthemtothefarthestreachestheChineseempire.Formanyoftheindigenouspopulation,therefore,themissionarystoodasauniquelyvisiblesymbolagainstwhichoppositiontoforeignintrusioncouldevented.Inparttoo,themissionarywasattackedbecausethemannerinwhichhemadehispresencefelta

28、fter1860seemedalmostcalculatedtooffend.ByindignantlywagingbattleagainstthenotionthatChinawasthesolefountainheadofcivilizationand,moreparticularly,byhisassaultonmanyfacetsofChineseculture,themissionarydirectlyunderminedtheculturalhegemonyofthegentryclass.Also,incountlessways,heposedathreattothegentry

29、straditionalmonopolyofsocialleadership.Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavet

30、hemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.(3)AlthoughitwastheavowedpolicyoftheChinesegovernmentafter1860thatthenewtreatiesweretobestrictlyadheredto,inpracticeimplementationdependedonthewholeheartedaccordprovincialauthorities.Thereisabundantevidencethatcooperationwasdilatory.A

31、ttherootofthislaytheinteractivenatureofrulerandruled.(4)Inaseverelyunderstaffedbureaucracythatruledasmuchbysuasionasbymight,theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionarya

32、ctivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.36.Inavagueway,anti-Christianfeelingstemmedfrom.A.themerepresenceofinvadersB.ageneralizedunfocusedfeelingC.theintroductiontotheWestD.noneoftheabove37.Theauthorwouldagreethat.A.manyproblemsinCh

33、inacamefrominternaldisordersduetoWesterninfluence.B.manyproblemsinChinacamefromChinaitselfandwereunrelatedtotheWestC.scapegoatsperformanecessaryfunctionandthereshouldbemoreofthemD.alloftheabovearetrue.38.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?A.Ethnocentricismisamanlytradition.B.Thedis

34、daintowardChristianitywasprefiguredbyadisdaintowardBuddhism.C.AlthoughChristianitywasnotwellreceivedinChina,Buddhismwas.D.TheauthorwouldagreewithAandC.39.Missionaries.A.oftendressedthesamewayasChinesescholarsdidB.werefreeofthelegalconstraintsthatboundthelocalindigenouspopulationC.hadgreateraccesstoa

35、uthoritythanChinesepeasantsD.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove40.Provincialauthorities.A.cooperatedfullywiththecentralgovernmentspolicyB.werealivetolocalfeelingsC.wereobligedtodeterminewhetherlocalsentimenttoleratedimplementationD.maybedescribedbyBandC.PassageThree(1)Thenaturalenvironmenthas,ofcourse,al

36、waysconditionedtechnology.Forexample,thenatureofanenvironment(polar,desert,jungle)engendersthedevelopmentoftechnologiesappropriatetothatenvironmenttoenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytoit.Further,emergingscarcityofsometechnologicalresourcemay ignitearesearchfor,andgradualtransitionto,anewtechnologyusingre

37、sourcespresentintheenvironmentingreaterabundance,as,forexample,inthecaseofthegradualchangefromwood-basedtocoal-basedtechnologyinEnglandthatbeganinElizabethtimesandstretcheduntiltheendoftheeighteenthcentury.(2)InmodernWesternsociety,environmenthasbeguntoconditiontechnologyinnewways,althoughadmittedly

38、moreindirectly.Thesafetyandqualityoftheenvironmentandpublicperceptionsofithavebeguntotranslateintopresidentialpoliticsandcongressionalmandatestoregulatoryagenciestoprotectorenhanceenvironmentalqualityorsafety,occasionallyevenatthecostofsomeperturbationofthetech-economicstatus-quo.InFrance,Italy,andr

39、ecentlytheUnitedStates,politicalpartieshavebeenformed,organizedaroundacomplexoftechnology/environmentissues.Ingeneral,inthelastfifteenyears,thegradualdevelopmentofbroad-basedenvironmentalawareness,thelobbyingandlitigiousactivitiesofenvironmentalinterestgroups,andguidelinesissuedandreinforcedbytheEPA

40、(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)inresponsetocongressionalmandateshavemarkedlyincreasedtheheedpaidtotheenvironmentbymanycorporationsingoingabouttheirtechnologyactivities.Bothresearchandevelopmentprioritiesandcapitalinvestmentprogramsofthecorporationshavebeenaffectedbythis.41.Whichofthefollowingstateme

41、ntsisTRUE?A.Environmentenablesmantoadaptsuccessfullytonewtechnology.B.Technologiesenablemantoadaptsuccessfullytohisenvironment.C.Thedevelopmentofthetechnologiesdependssolelyonthenaturalenvironment.D.Lackoftechnologiestocopewiththeenvironmentiscausedbylackofnaturalresources.42.Wecaninferfromthearticl

42、ethatinthe1800sEnglandwasprobablyrichin.A.woodresourcesB.technologicalresourcesC.naturalresourcesD.coalresource43.inmodernWesternsociety,theenvironmentalproblemhas.A.receivedgreatattentionformthegovernmentsB.causedsomeseriousdisordersintechnologyandeconomyAffectedmoderntechnologiesmoredirectlythanbe

43、fore.D.becomemoreimportantbutreceivedlessandlessattention44.Theunderlinedword“heed”inthelastbutonesentenceofthepassagemeans.A.lawsuitB.interestC.attentionD.expense45.Whatisthebesttopicforthepassage?A.Whatcannaturecontributetotechnology?B.Environmentcansometimesblocktheprogressoftechnology.C.Technolo

44、giesofallkindsshouldservethenaturalenvironment.D.Environmentdeservesthemostattentioninthedevelopmentoftechnology.PartBDirections:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbya

45、greementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,indepe

46、ndently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsai

47、dincreating.Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmem

48、berbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyinc

49、reasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,NovusOrdoSe

50、clorum.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.Translation1.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Waterisalimitednaturalresourceandapublicgoodfundamentalforlifeandhealth.Thehumanrighttowaterisindispensablefo

51、rleadingalifeinhumandignity.Itisaprerequisitefortherealizationofotherhumanrights.TheCommitteehasbeenconfrontedcontinuallywiththewidespreaddenialoftherighttowaterindevelopingaswellasdevelopedcountries.OverIbillionpersonslackaccesstoabasicwatersupply,whileseveralbilliondonothaveaccesstoadequatesanitat

52、ion,whichisthe primarycauseofwatercontaminationanddiseaseslinkedtowater.Thecontinuingcontamination,depletionandunequaldistributionofwaterisexacerbatingexistingpoverty.Stateshavetoadopteffectivemeasurestorealize,withoutdiscrimination,therighttowater.2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.和平與發(fā)展是當今世

53、界的兩大主題。維護世界和平，加強友好合作，促進共同發(fā)展是各國人民的共同愿望。當前，貧困、失業(yè)、難民、犯罪、人口膨脹、環(huán)境惡化、毒品泛濫、恐怖主義等問題仍然嚴峻，影響著全球的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。中國與西方國家雖然國情不同，但在一系列重大國際問題上具有廣泛一致的利益。我對中國同西方各國關系的改善與發(fā)展感到高興。中國政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基礎上，同包括西方國家在內的世界各國政府和人民一道，為和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)做出貢獻。.Composition(35minutes;15points)Directions.Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthetopicgivenbelo

54、w:Desireisperhapsthestrongestdrivetoprogress.Buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissue.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,2.giveaspecificexample,and3.giveyoursuggestionastotreatonesdesire.中國農業(yè)科學院考博英語真題200

55、5答案解析 Vocabulary Part A 1.C 譯文：景色太美了，超出了我的描述能力所能描述的。 解析：transport運輸；transfer 轉讓；transcend超越，超出；transform轉變。 2.A 譯文：校長在演講開始時稱贊了女孩的勇敢。 解析：applaud稱贊；enhance加強；elevate提升；clap鼓掌。 3.D 譯文：“黃色”的字面意思是一種顏色 ，但它也可以表示“怯懦地”的意思。 解析：literal meaning 字面意思。 4.C 譯文：很多人認為公共意識的標準下降了。 解析：固定短語，public awareness公共意識。Morality

56、道德；rightness 正義；mentality 心態(tài)。 5.B 譯文：人們驚訝地發(fā)現他有能力控制他所參與的所有事情。 解析：precede 領先；dominate控制，支配；pervade彌漫；denominate取名，稱為。 6.B 譯文：他們的反應如此不同的事實反應了他們個性上的差異。 解析：performance表現；personality個性，性格；quality質量；debut初次登臺。 7.C 譯文：這個要可以減輕胃痛。 解析：ascertain查明，探知；agitate煽動；alleviate減輕，緩和；allocate分配。 8.B 譯文：這棟公寓估價50，000美元，它的

57、主人決定賣掉它。 解析：automate自動化；assess評定，估價；assert維護，堅持；avenge報仇。 9.A 譯文：部長囑咐所有的官員交稅。 解析：bid 吩咐，囑咐；bless 保佑；bark吠叫，咆哮；baffle使困惑。 10.B 譯文：人死時，要在遺產分配前把他的債還清。 解析：paradox矛盾；legacy遺產；platitude陳腐，平凡；analogy類比。 Section B 11.D 譯文：游客從遠方聚集而來看首都的景色。 解析：根據題意，只有D“gather”的意思與“flock聚集”相近。 12.B 譯文：他說了太多的謊言，我們再也不會相信他說的話了。 解

58、析：根據題意可知reliance 的意思為“信任”，所以與之意思相近的就是B。 13.D 譯文：石油可以徹底地改變社會，這種程度超過了人們所能想象得到的。 解析：根據題意drastically表示“徹底地。grossly很，非常；severely嚴重地；rapidly 快速地；radically徹底得。四個選項中只有D與drastically意思相近。 14.B 譯文：經濟困難時期，政府的教育預算通常會在其他預算之前被削減。 解析：根據題意知slash的意思為“削減”，所以B“cut”的意思與之相近 15.A 譯文：現代的打印設備可以很快打印出文本和圖片的副本。 解析：根據題意知duplica

59、te意為“副本的，復制的”，四個備選項identical完全相同 的；double兩倍的；illustrated有插圖的；legible清晰的。利用常識，我們知道打印機打出的副本都是完全相同的，所以與duplicate意思相近的是A. 16.C 譯文：當她最小的孩子離開家時，她有一種急切的需要去填補她的時間。 解析：根據題意知pressing意為“急切的”，所以只有C“ urgent 緊急的，急迫的” 與之意思相近。 17.D 譯文：表演藝術家的任務是詮釋而非改變印在紙上的音樂的音符。 解析：根據題意知alter的意思為“改變”，四個選項中omit省略；reproduce復制，繁 殖； com

60、pose寫作，構成；change改變。所以與alter意思相近的是D。18.B譯文：當高空衛(wèi)星攜帶有伽馬射線和其他放射物質的探測器時，飛機和火箭可以用來收集放射性碎片。解析：diffusion擴散；remains殘余；glitter閃光；transfer轉移。根據題意，可知答案為B。19.C譯文：盡管因為多年的為國家服務而變得精疲力竭了，華盛頓還是接受美國總統一職。解析：wornout在題目中的意思為“精疲力竭”，四個選項中只有C“exhausted”表達此意。20.D譯文：對于因觀點相投而選擇彼此成為朋友的法國人而言，活躍的爭論和尖銳的論斷是他們生活不可缺少的部分。解析：根據題目知conge