新托福聽(tīng)力分類(lèi)詞匯英英版-地質(zhì)類(lèi)

1、地質(zhì)類(lèi)active /ktv/ adj 【VOLCANO】an active volcano is likely to explode at any timeThe volcano became active last year with a series of eruptions.volcano /vlkenu US vlkenou/ n C plural volcanoes or volcanos a mountain with a large hole at the top, through which lava (= very hot liquid rock) is sometimes

2、 forced outPompeii was destroyed when the volcano erupted in 79AD.active volcano (= one that may explode at any time) dormant volcano (= one that is not active at the moment) extinct volcano (= one that is no longer active at all)aluminum /lumnm/ n U a light metallic element which is silver in color

3、 and used especially for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts an aluminum saucepan Cover the fish with aluminum foil and cook over a low heat for 4 to 5 minutes. We take all our aluminum cans for recycling.bonanza /bnnz, bu- US b-, bou-/ n C a lucky or successful situation where people can ma

4、ke a lot of money2002 will be a bonanza year for the computer industry.an amazing cash bonanzaan exceptionally large and rich mineral deposit (as of an ore, precious metal, or petroleum)borehole /bhul US brhoul/ n C a deep hole made using special equipment, especially in order to get water or oil ou

5、t of the groundcataclysm /ktklzm/ n C literary a violent or sudden event or change, such as a serious flood or earthquakecataclysmic /ktklzmk/ adj usually before nouncontinental crustcrater /kret US -r/ n C a round hole in the ground made by something that has fallen on it or by an explosioncraters

6、on the moons surfacethe round open top of a volcanodiamond /damnd/ n U and C a clear, very hard valuable stone, used in jewellery and in industrya diamond engagement ringC a shape with four straight but sloping sides of equal length, with one point facing directly up and the other directly downCut t

7、he cookie dough into diamonds.emerald /emrld/ n C a valuable bright green stone that is often used in jewelleryU a bright green coloremerald adjerupt /rpt/ v I if fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly = break outViolence erupted after police shot a student during the demonstration

8、.A political row erupted over the MPs comments.if a volcano erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire, and rock into the skyif a place or situation erupts, there is a sudden increase in activity or emotionerupt intoThey were angry to the point of erupting into riot.Their conversations often erupted

9、into minor squabbles.erupt into laughter/shouting etc to suddenly start laughing, shouting etcHe erupted into loud, desperate sobs.if spots erupt on your body, they suddenly appear on your skineruption /rpn/ n U and C a volcanic eruptionthe eruption of violencegem /dem/ n C also gem stone a beautifu

10、l stone that has been cut into a special shape = jewelprecious gemssomething that is very special or beautifulEvery single ad in the campaign has been a gem.The Fortune is a tiny gem of a theatre.gem oflittle gems of advicea very helpful or special personBen, youre a real gem!jewel /dul/ n C a valua

11、ble stone, such as a diamond = gemjewels plural jewellery or other objects made with valuable stones and used for decorationShe loved dressing up and wearing priceless jewels.a very small stone used in the machinery of a watchsomething or someone that is very valuable, attractive, or importantHe int

12、roduced her to Budapest, a jewel of a city.the jewel in the crown the best or most valuable part of somethingPuddings are the jewel in the crown of British cookery. crown jewelcrown jewel n C the crown jewels the crown, sword, jewels etc worn by a king or queen for official ceremoniesthe best or mos

13、t valuable thing that a person or place hasInnsbrucks crown jewel is the old town centre.geology /dildi US -l-/ n U the study of the rocks, soil etc that make up the Earth, and of the way they have changed since the Earth was formedgeologist n C geological /dildkl US -l-/ adjgeological periodsgeolog

14、ically /-kli/ advgeologic surveygeomagnetism nthe magnetism of the earththe study of the earths magnetismglacial /glel/ adj relating to ice and glaciers, or formed by glaciersa glacial valleyglacial depositsa glacial look or expression is extremely unfriendly = icyextremely slowChange was coming, bu

15、t at a glacial pace.extremely cold = icya glacial windglacially advicy /asi/ adj extremely cold = frostyan icy windThe bath water was icy cold.covered in icean icy mountain roadan icy remark, look etc shows that you feel annoyed with or unfriendly towards someonean icy stare icilyiciness n Uicily /a

16、sli/ adv if you say something icily, or look at someone icily, you do it in an angry or very unfriendly wayI want you to leave now, she said icily.frosty /frsti US frsti/ adj a) extremely colda beautiful frosty morning frosty airb) covered with frostthe frosty groundunfriendly = icyfrosty stare/look

17、/toneHe gave me a frosty stare.the frosty silence that followed her announcementMy words got a frosty reception.frostily advglacial epochglacier /glsi US gler/ n C a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valleygranite /grnt/ n U a very hard grey rock, often used in buildingiceberg /as

18、bg US -brg/ n C a very large mass of ice floating in the sea, most of which is under the surface of the water the tip of the icebergthe tip of the iceberga small sign of a problem that is much largerThe reported cases of food poisoning are only the tip of the iceberg.inner /n US -r/ adj only before

19、noun on the inside or close to the centre of something outeran inner roominner Londonthe inner earinner thoughts or feelings are ones that you feel strongly but do not always show to other peopleYoga gives me a sense of inner calm.Shell need great inner strength to get over the tragedy.She never sha

20、red her inner thoughts with anyone.relating to things which happen or exist but are not easy to seeIll never understand the inner workings of the film industry.The inner life of a political party must be fascinating.inner circle the few people in an organization, political party etc who control it o

21、r share power with its leadermembers of the Presidents inner circlesbs inner voice thoughts or feelings inside your head which seem to warn or advise youMy inner voice told me to be cautious.inner coreiron /an US arn/ n U【METAL】a common hard metal that is used to make steel, is magnetic, and is foun

22、d in very small quantities in food and blood. It is a chemical element : symbol Fethe iron and steel industrya driveway with large iron gates iron ore (=rock that contains iron) the absorption of iron from foodJurassic adj of or belonging to the geologic time, rock series, or sedimentary deposits of

23、 the second period of the Mesozoic Era, in which dinosaurs continued to be the dominant land fauna and the earliest birds appearedn the Jurassic Period or its system of depositsknot /nt US nt/ n C【STRING/ROPE ETC】a) a part where one or more pieces of string, rope, cloth etc have been tied or twisted

24、 togetherAre you any good at tying knots ?Thread the string through the hoop and tie it in a knot. b) a part where hair, a thread etc has become accidentally twisted togetherI cant get the knots out of my hair.landlocked /lndlkt US -lkt/ adj a landlocked country, state etc is surrounded by other cou

25、ntries, states etc and has no coastlandlocked arealava /lv/ n U hot liquid rock that flows from a volcano, or this rock when it has become solidlayer /le US -r/ n C an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or that is between two other thingslayer ofA thick layer of dust la

26、y on the furniture.The moon was shining through a thin layer of cloud.He pulled off layer upon layer of clothing (=many layers of clothing) .in layersArrange the peppers, garlic and tomatoes in layers. ozone layerone of several different levels in a complicated organization, system, set of ideas etc

27、layer ofWe are operating with fewer layers of management.There are multiple layers of meaning in the story.the multi-layered nature of organizations (=they have many layers)ozone layer n singular a layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earththe hole

28、 in the ozone layerstratum /strtm US stre-/ n C plural strata /-t/ a layer of rock or eartha social class in a societypeople of different social stratalead /led/ n U a soft heavy grey metal that melts easily and is poisonous, used to cover roofs, or in the past, for water pipes. It is a chemical ele

29、ment : symbol PbU and C the central part of a pencil that makes the marks when you writego down like a lead balloon informal if a suggestion or joke goes down like a lead balloon, people do not like it at allU AmE old-fashioned bulletsThey filled him full of lead.leads plural a) sheets of lead used

30、for covering a roof b) narrow pieces of lead used for holding small pieces of glass together to form a windowlimestone /lamstun US -stoun/ n U a type of rock that contains calciumcalcium /klsim/ n U a silver-white metal that helps to form teeth, bones, and chalk. It is a chemical element: symbol Cal

31、ithosphere nthe outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle, approximately 100 km (62 mi.) thicklodge /ld US ld/ n C a small house on the land of a large country house, usually at the main entrance gatea room or small building at the entrance to a college, institution etc for s

32、omeone whose job is to watch who enters and leavesthe porters lodgereach /rit/ n singular,U the distance that you can stretch out your arm to touch somethingout of/beyond (sbs) reachKeep chemicals out of the reach of children.within reach (of sb)Keep a glass of water within reach.singular,U within (

33、easy) reach of sth close to a placeThe tourist attractions are within easy reach of the hotel.the limit of someones power or ability to do somethingbeyond the reach of sbHe lives in Paraguay, well beyond the reach of the British authorities.reaches plural a) the parts of a place that are furthest fr

34、om the centrethe further/outer reaches of sththe further reaches of the jungleb) the straight part of a river between two bendsthe upper reaches of the Nilethe higher/lower reaches of sth the high or low levels of an organization or systemThey lingered in the lower reaches of the Football League.low

35、er reachmagma /mgm/ n U technical hot melted rock below the surface of the Earthmagnitude /mgntjud US -tud/ n U the great size or importance of somethingmagnitude ofThey didnt seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.of such/this/similar etc magnitudeWe did not think the cuts would be of this

36、 magnitude.an increase of this order of magnitude (= size) C technical the degree of brightness of a starC technical the force of an earthquakemantle /mntl/ n take on/assume/wear the mantle of sth formal to accept or have an important duty or jobIt is up to Europe to take on the mantle of leadership

37、 in environmental issues.a mantle of snow/darkness etc literary something such as snow or darkness that covers a surface or areaA mantle of snow lay on the trees.C a loose piece of outer clothing without sleeves, worn especially in former timesC a cover that is put over the flame of a gas or oil lam

38、p to make it shine more brightlysingular technical the part of the Earth around the central coremarble /mbl US mr-/ n U a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished, and is used for making buildings, statues etcThe columns were of white marble.a marble statueC a small colored glass ba

39、ll that children roll along the ground as part of a gamemarbles U a game played by children using marbleslose your marbles informal to start behaving in a crazy way = go madC a statue or sculpture made of marblemetamorphic adjalso metamorphous of, relating to, or characterized by metamorphosisgeolog

40、y changed in structure or composition as a result of metamorphism, used of rock.metamorphic rockmetamorphosis /metmfss US -mr-/ nU and C plural metamorphoses /-siz/formal a process in which something changes completely into something very different = transformationIt took me some time to undergo the

41、 metamorphosis from teacher to lecturer.the metamorphosis of China under Dengs economic reformsa process in which a young insect, frog etc changes into another stage in its developmentBeetles undergo a complete metamorphosis in their life cycle.mineral /mnrl/ n C a substance that is formed naturally

42、 in the earth, such as coal, salt, stone, or gold. Minerals can be dug out of the ground and usedThe area is very rich in minerals .a country with few mineral resources a natural substance such as iron that is present in some foods and is important for good healthFish is a rich source of vitamins an

43、d minerals.slope /slup US sloup/ n C a piece of ground or a surface that slopesa steep slope a gentle (=not steep) slope She looked back up the grassy slope.an area of steep ground covered with snow that people ski downWe got to Tahoe on Friday, and hit the slopes (=skied on them) the next day.singu

44、lar the angle at which something slopes in relation to a flat surfacea slope of 30 degreesmountain slopenickel /nkl/ n U a hard silver-white metal that is often combined with other metals, for example to make steel. It is a chemical element: symbol NiC a coin in the US or Canada that is worth five c

45、entsnitrogen /natrdn/ n U a gas that has no color or smell, and that forms most of the Earths air. It is a chemical element: symbol Nnorthern hemisphere n Northern Hemispherethe northern hemispherethe half of the world that is north of the Equatorsouthern hemisphere n Southern Hemispherethe southern

46、 hemispherethe half of the world that is south of the Equatorocean /un US ou-/ n the ocean especially AmE the great mass of salt water that covers most of the Earths surface = the seaShe stood on the beach, gazing at the ocean.I like to swim in the ocean when its warm enough.C one of the very large

47、areas of sea on the Earths surfacethe Pacific Oceanoceans of sth informal a lot of something, especially a liquidoceans of champagne a drop in the oceana drop in the ocean BrE a drop in the bucket AmE a very small amount of something compared to what is needed or wanted5000 new schools are to be bui

48、lt, but this is just a drop in the ocean for such a vast country.ocean bottomoceanic /uink US ou-/ adj usually before noun relating to the oceanan oceanic islandoceanic watersoceanic crustorbit /bt US r-/n C the curved path travelled by an object which is moving around another much larger object suc

49、h as the Earth, the sun etcorbit aroundthe Moons orbit around the Earthin/into orbitThe Space Shuttle is now in orbit.The telecommunications satellite went into orbit at the end of last year.formal the area of power and influence of a person, organization etcwithin the orbit of sthcountries within t

50、he orbit of the British commonwealthore / US r/ n U and C rock or earth from which metal can be obtainediron oreveins of rich oreoutburst /autbst US -brst/ n C something you say suddenly that expresses a strong emotion, especially angerHe later apologized for his outburst.emotional/violent/angry out

51、bursthis fathers violent outbursts of temperoutburst ofan outburst of angera sudden short increase in an activityoutburst ofan outburst of creative energyoutbursts of violencepetrified /petrfad/ adj extremely frightened, especially so frightened that you cannot move or thinkpetrified ofIm petrified

52、of spiders.petrified with fright/fearHe was petrified with fear when he saw the gun.petrified wood/trees etc wood, trees etc that have changed into stone over a long period of timepetrify v Tpit /pt/ n C【HOLE】a) a hole in the ground, especially one made by diggingThe female digs a pit in which to la

53、y the eggs.a five-foot deep pitb) a large hole in the ground from which stones or minerals are obtained by digginggravel/sand/chalk pit【MINE】especially BrE a coal mineDad first went down the pit (=worked in a coal mine) when he was 15 years old.a national strike against pit closures (=when a coal mi

54、ne is closed permanently)plate /plet/ n 【EARTHS SURFACE】C technical one of the very large sheets of rock that form the surface of the Earthplatinum /pltnm/ n U a silver-grey metal that does not change color or lose its brightness, and is used in making expensive jewellery and in industry. It is a ch

55、emical element: symbol Pta platinum ringif a music recording goes platinum, at least a million copies of it have been soldEight of Denvers albums went platinum .a platinum disc quartz /kwts US kwrts/ n U a hard mineral substance that is used in making electronic watches and clocksquartz crystalsa qu

56、artz watchquartzite na rock formed from the metamorphism of quartz sandstoneravine /rvin/ n C a deep narrow valley with steep sides = gorgereclaim /rklem/ v T to get back an amount of money that you have paid = claim backYou may be entitled to reclaim some tax.to make an area of desert, wet land etc

57、 suitable for farming or buildingLarge areas of land will be reclaimed for a new airport.to get back something that you have lost or that has been taken away from youI want to reclaim the championship that I lost in 1999.to obtain useful products from waste material recycleYou can reclaim old boards

58、 and use them as shelves.reclamation /reklmen/ n U land reclamationreef /rif/ n C a line of sharp rocks, often made of coral, or a raised area of sand near the surface of the seaa proposal to protect several miles of thousand-year-old coral reef relic /relk/ n C an old object or custom that reminds

59、people of the past or that has lived on from a past timeRoman relics found in a fieldrelic ofthe books and photos, relics of Robs university daysEverything in the house seemed old and untouched, like relics of an ancient time.a part of the body or clothing of a holy person which is kept after their

60、death because it is thought to be holyremains /rmenz/ n plural the parts of something that are left after the rest has been destroyed or has disappearedremains ofOn the table were the remains of the evening meal.extensive Roman remains (=of ancient buildings) at Arlesthe body of someone who has died