2022年TPO綜合寫作文本與解析

1、【托福寫作備考】 TPO21 綜合寫作文本與解析 TPO 21 閱讀材料： Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism s genes and hence its characteristics, is not being used to improve trees. Through genetic modification, it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, grow faster, or withstand adverse conditio

2、ns. Planting genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring a number of benefits. 中文翻譯：基因改良是通過轉(zhuǎn)變有機體的基因,進而轉(zhuǎn)變其性狀的過程；目前仍沒有用 來改良樹木；通過基因改良,可能制造出具有產(chǎn)量高,生長快,抗逆強特點的樹木；很大程 度上,種植基因改良樹木可以帶來諸多好處； First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than nature trees; that it, they are more

3、 likely to survive than their unmodified counterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of papaya tree has been developed in response to ring-spot virus infections that have repeatedly damaged the native papaya-tree population. Planting the genetically modified papayas has largel

4、y put an end to the ring-spot problem. 中文翻譯：第一,基因改良樹木設(shè)計得比自然樹木更能承擔(dān)不良環(huán)境；也就是說,相對 于它們沒有改良的同類,它們更易存活；比如,在夏威夷有一種新的抗蟲害的番木瓜樹；這 種樹可以抗擊環(huán)斑病毒的感染,而正是這種環(huán)斑病毒常常會降低當(dāng)?shù)胤竟蠘涞臄?shù)量；種植 這種基因改良的番木瓜可以很大程度上解決環(huán)斑病毒的問題； Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow them. Gene

5、tically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields - of food, fruit, or other products - and be hardier. This allows tree farmers to get faster and greater returns on their farming 第 1 頁,共 4 頁investment and save on pesticides as well. 中文翻譯：而且,基因改良的樹木據(jù)信可以給種植者帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟利益；基因改良的 樹木基因改良更快；同時,產(chǎn)

6、量更高,也就是說可以獲得更多的糧食,水果以及其他產(chǎn)品； 而且,這些樹木抗逆性更好；這樣就能是的弄明可以更多而且更多地收回投資,同季節(jié)約殺 蟲劑的花費； Finally, the use of genetically modified trees can prevent overexploitation of wild trees. Because of the growing demand for firewood or building timber, many forests around the world are being cut down faster than they can

7、be replaced. Introducing genetically modified trees - designed for fast growth and high yield in given geographic conditions - would satisfy the demand for wood in many of those areas and save the endangered native trees, which often include unique or rare species. 中文翻譯：最終,種植基因改良樹木可以削減對野生樹木的過度開發(fā)；由于對

8、于木柴和 建筑木材的越來越大,世界上森林砍伐的速度超過了再生速度；引入在相同地里條件下生長 更快,產(chǎn)量更大的改良樹木可以很多地方對于木材的需求,這樣可以愛惜那些特別而稀有的 瀕危野生樹種； 在本篇綜合寫作的閱讀部分需要提取的觀點是： - Main point: 基因改良樹木優(yōu)點很多 - Sub point 1: 可以抵抗病蟲害 - Sub point 2: 可以提高農(nóng)夫的收入 - Sub point 3: 可以愛惜自然森林 綜合寫作的聽力材料： Sure, there is benefit to planting genetically modified trees, but are thes

9、e trees really as great as they first sound. When you examine the subjects 第 2 頁,共 4 頁closely, there are some serious problems and causes associated with the using of genetic modified trees. 當(dāng)然, 種植基因改良樹木是有好處的, 但是真的有利到可以作為首選作物嗎 .當(dāng)你仔細(xì)審 視這些理由的時候,就會發(fā)覺基因改良樹木會帶來一些嚴(yán)肅的問題； First, genetically modified trees m

10、ay be resistant to one particular condition, but it doesn t necessarily ensure their survival. You see: a typical non-modified tree population is genetically diverse. That means that for most threatening conditions, for climate, insects, and pests, whatever, there will be at least some individual tr

11、ees of any given species tree that are resistant. So, even if the most of one kind of tree were killed, those few resistant ones will survive and ensure the survival of that species of tree. But, genetically modified trees are genetically much more uniform, so if there is supposed to an environmenta

12、l challenge they have not been designed for, they will all die. So, if the climate changes or new pest engages in, the genetically modified trees will likely be completely wagged out. 中文翻譯：第一,基因改良樹木可能對某種特定問題有抗擊力,但是這卻不足以保證它 們的生存；你看,非基因改良的樹木種群是具有基因多樣性的；這就意味著無論何種樹木, 即便是在遭受極端氣候災(zāi)難或者蟲害的情形下, 都至少有部分個體對災(zāi)難有抗擊

13、才能； 所以, 即便種群中的大多數(shù)都死亡了,那么少數(shù)有抗擊力的存活下來也能保證這個種群的連續(xù)；但 是對于基因改良樹木基因是始終的, 所以當(dāng)他們受到他們基因設(shè)計里不能低于的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)時, 他們會全部死亡；所以,當(dāng)氣候發(fā)生變化或者有新的害蟲顯現(xiàn),那么基因改良樹木就將全部 死亡； That is the second point. There are hidden causes associated with the growing genetically modified trees. You see, the company that genetically modified tree can c

14、harge tree farmers much more for its seeds than unmodified tree seeds would 第 3 頁,共 4 頁cost. Also, after you ve grown the tree, you can not just collect the seeds and plant the new tree for free. By law, you have to pay the company every time you plant. 中文翻譯：現(xiàn)在說其次點；在基因改良樹木的生長過程中相伴著一些隱含問題；你看, 公司都是以高于

15、自然種子很多的價格向農(nóng)夫出售基因改良樹木種子的；同時,你現(xiàn)在不能再 每年收成之后收集種子,然后來年免費再種了；由于依據(jù)法律規(guī)定,你每年都必需向種子公 司支付費用； And finally, genetically modified trees might actually cause even more damage to the local wild trees. You see, genetically modified trees often grow more aggressively than natural trees do. And genetically modified trees are typically planted among natural trees. As a result, the genetically modified trees out compete the native trees for resources: sunlight, soil nutrition and water. Eventually, crowd out the nature trees. 中文翻譯：最終,基因改良樹木可能會對本土野生樹木造成更多的損害；你看,基因改 良樹木相