(語法)過去分詞作定語和表語課件

1、過去分詞的基本特點 ：1.從語態(tài)上講 ：過去分詞一般表被動 。2.從時態(tài)上講 ：過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 ；Grammar第1頁，共17頁。一、過去分詞作定語1、單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。 eg：a lost animal 一只丟失/迷路的動物 a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票 一個受傷的手指一枚破損的硬幣 一支點燃的蠟燭 an injured fingera broken coina lighted candle第2頁，共17頁。注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。 e.g. : spoken English written exercis

2、es英語口語書面練習(xí)第3頁，共17頁。少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義fallen leaves the risen sunthe developed countries 一個醉鬼一名退休教師一名逃跑的囚犯 a drunken man a retired teacheran escaped prisoner落葉升起來的太陽發(fā)達(dá)國家第4頁，共17頁。2、過去分詞短語作后置定語，表示被動或完成意義。 e.g.：How I regretted the hourswasted in the woods!e.g.： I like wearing clothes made of

3、this kind of clothe.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are populare.g.： Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 第5頁，共17頁。結(jié)論：以上的短語都帶有過去分詞，這些過去分詞都是充當(dāng)定語，而且我們都可以用定語從句來改寫以上短語。 Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.第6頁，共17頁。Exercises:把后置定語換成定語從句1. The girl dressed in red

4、is my sister. =The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.2. Father beat the son lost in the on-line games. =Father beat the son who was lost in the on-line games第7頁，共17頁。3.This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years.=This project , designed by the C

5、hinese engineers, was constructed in only two years4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.=The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.把定語從句換成后置定語第8頁，共17頁。boiling waterboiled waterthe changing worldthe changed worldthe rising sunthe ris

6、en sunV-ing 與V-ed 作定語的區(qū)別（2） 正在沸騰的水已經(jīng)燒開的水正在發(fā)生變化的世界已經(jīng)變化了的世界正在升起的太陽升起了的太陽V-ing表動作正在進(jìn)行， V-ed表動作已經(jīng)完成第9頁，共17頁。二 過去分詞作表語 She looked worried.I am interested in the book.He was lost in thought.The door remained locked.They got married five years ago.The story is exciting. You are excited when you read it._過去

7、分詞作？_第10頁，共17頁。系動詞的分類：“似乎類”：“感覺類”： “變成類”：“仍然類”：基本形式：be( am, is, are)seem, appear, lookfeel, sound, smell, tastebecome, go, get, grow, fall, turnremain, continue, stay, keep第11頁，共17頁。有的已成為固定搭配 ：be covered with be lost in thoughtbe caught in the rain be separated frombe interested inbe absorbed in 被覆蓋

8、陷入沉思被雨淋從分離對感興趣專心致志于第12頁，共17頁。Practice makes perfect!第13頁，共17頁。What he said was _ (encourage).We were _ (encourage) at what he said.The football game is very _ (bore). We were _(bore) at the football game.V-ing 與V-ed 作表語的區(qū)別encouragingencouragedboringboredV-ing 作表語修飾物，翻譯為“令人感到-”V-ed 作表語修飾人，翻譯為“感到-”P(1

9、7)第14頁，共17頁。As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour . A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 第15頁，共17頁。系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者；有具體的時間，表示當(dāng)時的動作。標(biāo)志：行為執(zhí)行者由by短語來表示區(qū)別“（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）”和“（被動結(jié)構(gòu)）”e.g.：This shop is now closed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài)) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 這家商店每天6點關(guān)門。(動作） 第16頁，共17頁。A. The library is closed. B. The library is closed at six.C. The library is close