被動語態(tài)基本用法課件

1、被動語態(tài)基本用法當句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞構成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。 牛牛文庫文檔分享第1頁，共42頁。 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第2頁，共42頁。We speak English.主語謂語賓語English is

2、 spoken by us.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。 牛牛文庫文檔分享第3頁，共42頁。 何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？ 一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行車被盜了。 牛牛文庫文檔分享第4頁，共4

3、2頁。三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that 牛牛文庫文檔分享第5頁，共42頁。四、漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫來的。五、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： He

4、was born in October，1989 牛牛文庫文檔分享第6頁，共42頁。 the Structure is助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (be+V.P.P) 牛牛文庫文檔分享第7頁，共42頁。1.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動詞原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不發(fā)音e結尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以輔音加y結尾的，去y變i加-edstudy-studied4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母， 先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop-stopped2.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewrit

5、ewrittengogone 牛牛文庫文檔分享第8頁，共42頁。2)被動語態(tài)的結構：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時一樣。如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第9頁，共42頁。在改寫中應注意：1.把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;2.把動詞變成“be

6、+ 過去分詞”;3.主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。典型題例例1 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第10頁，共42頁。主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復數(shù) -即be動詞的單復數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+

7、 主語. by them. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第11頁，共42頁。 Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第12頁，共42頁。1.They make shoes in that factory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時：

8、S(主語）+am/is /are(not) +過去分詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 牛牛文庫文檔分享第13頁，共42頁。He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory (by him) every day. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第14頁，共42頁。We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong (by us). 牛牛文庫文檔分享第15頁，共42頁。A computer is used in our class ev

9、ery day. computer, use, class 牛牛文庫文檔分享第16頁，共42頁。2. They bought ten computers last year Ten computers were bought (by them) last year.一般過去時：S+was/were(not) +過去分詞 牛牛文庫文檔分享第17頁，共42頁。He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.Some fruits were bought f

10、or his friend (by him) yesterday. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第18頁，共42頁。 bank, rob yesterdayman-made satellite, send up, space, last yearA man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.The bank was robbed yesterday. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第19頁，共42頁。3Amy can take good care of the cat The cat can be taken good care of by Amy.情態(tài)動詞

11、：S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+過去分詞 牛牛文庫文檔分享第20頁，共42頁。He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第21頁，共42頁。They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第22頁，共42頁?！癢e must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .“They m

12、ust be put in the fridge (by us).”The dogs thought. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第23頁，共42頁。4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時：S+ will+ (not) be+過去分詞 牛牛文庫文檔分享第24頁，共42頁。They will have a show tomorrow.A show will be had (by them) tomorrow. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第25頁，共42頁。send to,

13、 hospital, right now a talk, give , soonThey will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will be given soon. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第26頁，共42頁。_ this house_(sell) by the King?The little girl is so prettythat she _(admire) by all people when she grows up. Will be soldwill be admired 牛牛文庫文檔分享第27頁，共42頁。The streets_(

14、light) by electricity. I _(not invite)to tomorrows wedding. will be litwill/ shall not be invited 牛牛文庫文檔分享第28頁，共42頁。will not be done 否定結構Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom. allow 牛牛文庫文檔分享第29頁，共42頁。smokingstadiumallowSmoking will not be allowed in the stadium. 牛牛文庫文檔分享第30頁，共42頁。Rewrite

15、the letter in future Passive Voicewill ( not) be done 牛牛文庫文檔分享第31頁，共42頁。The Olympic Game will be held in London.Many things _(do) for the Game. 30 billion yuan _on the projects. An Olympic Village_for the athletes and some hotels_for the visitors to stay in. The roads _(make) wider and better and tr

16、ees and flowers _along the roads. The new Stadiums will be completed (complete) before 2012. Many volunteers_ (train) for the game. will be donewill be spentwill be builtwill be builtwill be madewill be plantedwill be trained 牛牛文庫文檔分享第32頁，共42頁。Many policemen _(send) keep order. During the 2012 Olymp

17、ic Game, the best athletes _(choose) to compete and they _(encourage) to do their best.will be sentwill be chosenwill be encouraged 牛牛文庫文檔分享第33頁，共42頁。dirty river 牛牛文庫文檔分享第34頁，共42頁。polluted air (受污染的) 牛牛文庫文檔分享第35頁，共42頁。crowded hospital(擁擠的） 牛牛文庫文檔分享第36頁，共42頁。 too many cars 牛牛文庫文檔分享第37頁，共42頁。traffic jams (塞車） 牛牛文庫文檔分享第38頁，共42頁。crowded classroom（擁擠的） 牛牛文庫