英語學(xué)習(xí)肯定與否定的翻譯課件

1、肯定與否定的翻譯第1頁，共37頁。一、英語肯定、漢語否定形式上，英語采用肯定句式，但實(shí)際在含蓄表達(dá)否定意義，翻譯成漢語時(shí)用否定。（1）動(dòng)詞英語中含有否定的動(dòng)詞有：fail, miss, lack, ignore, escape, refuse, withhold, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude, differ, forbid, defy, hate, etc.動(dòng)詞詞組：keep from, refrainfromEg. To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into ac

2、count. 使我們失望的是他不顧大局。 第2頁，共37頁。He ran his eyes over the refreshments on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything.他看了看桌子上的點(diǎn)心，搖了搖頭，一點(diǎn)也不想 吃。Her hint escaped me.她的暗示沒有引起我的注意。She went to the airport to meet her friend, but she missed her in the crowd.她去機(jī)場接她的朋友，可是沒能在人群中見到她。He keeps from a

3、lcohol and tobaco.他煙酒不沾。第3頁，共37頁。(2)名詞表示否定的名詞有：absence, avoidance, failure, denial, refusal, freedom, loss, lack, ignorance, defiance, embarrassment, etc.Eg: His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.他開車時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。第4頁，共37頁。Her child was in a terrible state of neglect.她的孩子簡直沒人管

4、。He coughed with embarrassment.他不自然地咳嗽。A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems.不注意文化差異和當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗可能會(huì)出問題。第5頁，共37頁。（3）形容詞表達(dá)否定意義的形容詞及短語：few, little, thin, deaf, absent, awkward, had, blind, dead, last, poor, free from, far from, safe from, short of, ignorant of, safe

5、 and sound, etc.Eg: The explanation is pretty thin. 這種解釋理由很不充分。第6頁，共37頁。He was deaf to all advice.他不聽一切勸告。I am glad to see you safe and sound.我很高興看到你安然無恙。He would be the last man to say such things.他決不會(huì)說這種話。第7頁，共37頁。（4）副詞常見的否定副詞有：little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, otherwise, rarely ,etc.Eg: T

6、he old lady said idly, “Well, what dose it matter?”那老婦人漫不經(jīng)心地說：“哼！這有什么關(guān)系？”Time is what we want most, but what many use worst.時(shí)間是我們最缺少的，但偏偏許多人最不善于利用。第8頁，共37頁。Traveling alone, she was sitting in the corner of the carriage.她沒有同伴，只一個(gè)人坐在車廂一角動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work.沒

7、有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，出點(diǎn)差錯(cuò)是不可避免的。第9頁，共37頁。（5）介詞及介詞短語表示否定的介詞和介詞短語有：beside, against, from, above, below, under, beyond, beneath, without, except, within, instead of, out of, etc.Eg: She is above meanness and deceit.她不至于做卑鄙和欺騙的事情。He is beyond doubt an enterprising young man.無疑，他是一位有進(jìn)取心的青年人。 第10頁，共37頁。What he said is b

8、eside the question.他說的與本題無關(guān)。Good advice is without price.好的建議是無價(jià)的。It is far from him to do anything to hurt you .他決不會(huì)做任何傷害你的事情。第11頁，共37頁。（6）連詞及短語表示否定意義的常用連詞有：before, rather than, unless, too to, or, etc.Eg: I , rather than you, should do the work.應(yīng)該做這個(gè)工作的應(yīng)該是我，而不是你。You ought to know better than to do

9、 that sort of things.你應(yīng)知道不該做那種事情。Youd better do it now before you forget it.趁著還沒有忘記，你最好現(xiàn)在就做。第12頁，共37頁。They would rather go on with the experiment than give it up.他們寧愿把實(shí)驗(yàn)繼續(xù)下去，而不愿放棄。Wear your raincoat or you will catch cold.穿上雨衣，不然你會(huì)著涼的。第13頁，共37頁。（7）一些特定結(jié)構(gòu)It is a wise father that knows his own son.再聰明

10、的父親也不見得了解自己的兒子。It is a silly fish that is caught twice.再愚蠢的魚也不會(huì)上鉤兩次。（智者不會(huì)重蹈覆轍）But that she was prevented, my mother would have accomplished her design.若不是被阻止，我媽媽早就完成她的設(shè)計(jì)了第14頁，共37頁。We have bitten off more than we can chew.我們承擔(dān)了力所不能及的事。/貪多嚼不爛。Oh, God! If this is a ladys manners.噢，天哪！這決不是女人的舉止。第15頁，共37

11、頁。（8）一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)He is a nuisance, I want to see the back of him.他真討厭，我也不愿意見到他。We are living up to what the people expect to us.我們不會(huì)辜負(fù)人民對我們的期望。He who has a mind， to beat his dog will easily find his stick.欲加之罪，何患無詞。A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.雙鳥在林，不如一鳥在手。第16頁，共37頁。Let me catch you at it ag

12、ain.再讓我逮著你，可饒不了你。I hear everything.什么都瞞不過我。A stitch in time saves nine.小洞不補(bǔ)，大洞吃苦。Tom was professors godson, and had been one of the family anytime these 20years.湯姆是教授的干兒子，這20年來，一家人沒把他當(dāng)外人看。第17頁，共37頁。inHe is trying in vain to answer the question.他回答不出來那個(gè)問題。The criminal is still at large.罪犯還尚未捉拿歸案。The

13、restaurant was anything but satisfactory.這家飯店太不讓人滿意了。I was at a loss to understand what he alluded to .我無法領(lǐng)悟他話中暗示的是什么。第18頁，共37頁。二、英語否定，漢語肯定（1）動(dòng)詞Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage.他突然聽見背后有響聲，便立刻意識(shí)到車庫里還有別人。The mother gently disengaged her hand from that o

14、f her sleeping baby. 母親小心翼翼地從熟睡的孩子手里抽出自己的手。第19頁，共37頁。The boss could fire any employee who had ever displeased him.老板可以開除任何得罪過他的雇員。How often has he not complained about the weather here!他經(jīng)常抱怨這里的天氣。第20頁，共37頁。（2）副詞It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.再聰明的人也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。He involuntarily raised his hand to

15、scratch his head.他下意識(shí)地舉起手撓撓頭。第21頁，共37頁。（3）名詞There has been serious disagreement between the two political parties over this question.關(guān)于這個(gè)問題兩個(gè)政黨之間存在嚴(yán)重分歧。We were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of our team leader.隊(duì)長突然失蹤使我們感到困惑不解。There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.慢跑是鍛煉身體的最佳辦法。第22

16、頁，共37頁。（4）形容詞Eg: Teachers should be nondiscriminatory and should be equal to any of their students.老師應(yīng)該一視同仁，平等地對待每一位學(xué)生。This fish is an unusual winter visitor to Japan Sea.這種魚很少冬季到日本海來。Many people thought Henry was so indecisive that it was hard to be a team leader.好多人認(rèn)為亨利是個(gè)優(yōu)柔寡斷的人，不適合做隊(duì)長第23頁，共37頁。（5）

17、短語She will forget all about it as likely as not.她很可能會(huì)忘得一干二凈。He is old, none the less he works like a young man.他雖然上了年紀(jì)，但干起活來，還象個(gè)年輕人。We do not like her other than she is now.我們就喜歡她現(xiàn)在的樣子。They are only too pleased to see the film.他們非常喜歡看這部電影。第24頁，共37頁。（6）一些習(xí)慣用法We cannot be too careful in doing experime

18、nt.我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)越小心越好。The importance of scientific research cannot be overvalued.科研的重要性無論怎樣估計(jì)都不過分。It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.再聰明的人也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤/智者千慮必有一失。Well, if she isnt beautiful!哇！她太漂亮了！第25頁，共37頁。Who doesnt love his country?誰都熱愛自己的祖國。Teachers and parents didnt praise her slightly.老師、家長們對她大加贊賞。He

19、spent not a little on his reading.他買書花了很多錢。She was too eager to know the result of blood test.她急切地想知道驗(yàn)血的結(jié)果。第26頁，共37頁。雙重否定雙重否定比較符合英美人的習(xí)慣，是一種委婉的表達(dá)方法?？勺g成漢語的肯定句。常用句式有：（1）toonot to/ not tooto 太肯定會(huì)、不要不Eg: He is too wicked not to meet a bad end some day.他太壞了，總有一天會(huì)有惡報(bào)。You should not be too proud to learn fr

20、om others.你不應(yīng)該驕傲得不向別人學(xué)習(xí)。/你應(yīng)該虛心地向別人學(xué)習(xí)。第27頁，共37頁。(2) cannot too/ over 怎么都不過分、越越好You cannot be too careful in doing your homework.你做作業(yè)越細(xì)心越好。One can hardly pay too high a prize for liberty.一個(gè)人為了自由付出的代價(jià)再高也值得。第28頁，共37頁。（3）否定詞+表示否定意義的詞兩個(gè)否定詞不一定是同等意義的否定。一般是一個(gè)否定詞和一個(gè)表示否定意義的詞或詞組構(gòu)成。It never rains but it pours.不雨

21、則已，一雨傾盆。/不鳴則已，一鳴驚人I promised that never a day should pass that I did not visit him.我答應(yīng)每天去看他。He spoke nothing to no purpose.他絕不空談。Fight no battle unprepared.不打無準(zhǔn)備之戰(zhàn)。第29頁，共37頁。一些需要注意的情況（1）否定從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為think, feel, seem, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, reckon等時(shí)，形式上在前的動(dòng)詞否定后移。It doesnt seem that

22、we can return the books on time.好像我們無法按時(shí)把書還回去。第30頁，共37頁。（2）否定介詞短語She has not come to you for lunch.她不是為吃午飯來找你的。(not for lunch)He had never traveled by air.他從來沒有乘飛機(jī)旅游過。(not by air)第31頁，共37頁。(3)否定動(dòng)詞不定式One does not live to eat, but eats to live.人活著不是為了吃，而吃卻是為了活著。(not to eat)We are not here to quarrel with you, but to help you.我們來這不是為了同你吵架，而是來幫助你的。(not to quarrel with you)第32頁，共37頁。(4) 否定謂語有些介詞短語中帶有no,neither之類的否定詞，形式上否定名詞，但譯成漢語時(shí)，應(yīng)把否定詞移到謂語上。In no case can the parents agree their daughter to go with a stranger.在任何情況下，父母都不會(huì)同意女兒跟一個(gè)陌生人走。(not