財經(jīng)英語語法構(gòu)詞法

1、構(gòu)詞法 (Word Formation) 英語主要有三種構(gòu)詞法: 1.派生(Derivation): 2.合成(Compounding): 3.轉(zhuǎn)化(Conversion) 通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另外一個詞: eg. happy- unhappy (加前綴) - happiness (加后綴)由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞 eg. wood(木)+ cut(刻)-woodcut(木刻)由一個詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個詞類: eg. water (n.)水 - water (v.)澆水1.派生詞 注意:前綴一般只改變詞義,不改變詞類;后綴一般只改變詞類,不引起詞義變化 前 綴 例 詞 a- 構(gòu)成形容詞副詞 as

2、leep, abroad, alone dis- disappear, disagree en enlarge, enable in- (il-, im- ,ir)invisible, illegal inter-international, inter-school mis- mistake, misunderstand re- return, remarry tele-telephone, telescope un- ; non-unfit, unfair, unknown non-payment(不支付)(否定)(使可能)(相互,之間)（誤）(重復(fù),再)(遠程)（不）(不,非) 后 綴

3、例 詞名詞 -er . 者runner , swimmer -ese.地方的人Chinese, Japanese -ian 精通的人, 地方人musician, Russian -ist 專業(yè)人員artist, pianist -ment 性質(zhì),狀態(tài)government, movement - ness 性質(zhì), 狀態(tài)business, happiness - or .者visitor , professor -tion 表示動作,過程,結(jié)果 pollution , suggestion形容詞:- al ; an ; ern; -ful ; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; - less

4、 表示具有的性質(zhì), 或與有關(guān) e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, active, native, rainy, careless動詞: -fy (使化) ; -ize (使成為) e.g. simplify(簡化) , satisfy , realize , organize 副詞: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ,badly ,truly-ward (s) 表示方向 :towards, forward, outward 數(shù)詞:- teen 十 fourteen, eighteen-ty整十位數(shù) forty ,fifty

5、 -th序數(shù)詞 fifth 名詞+動名詞 machine-building (機械制造)2.合成詞1）合成名詞名詞(代詞) +名詞 spaceship, she-wolf名詞+及物動詞+er(or) pain-killer (止痛藥)形容詞+名詞 highway 及物動詞+名詞 breakfast 動詞+副詞 turn-off合成形容詞形容詞(數(shù)詞)+名詞+ ed cold-blooded名詞+名詞 +ed potato-shaped 馬鈴薯形式的 名詞(代詞)+分詞 hand-made, self-educated名詞(代詞)+形容詞 color-blind 色盲的形容詞(數(shù)詞)+名詞/分詞

6、 left-hand , good-looking副詞+分詞/形容詞 hard-working ,ever-green tree動詞+副詞 see-through 介詞+名詞 downhill 下坡的(3) 合成動詞副詞+動詞 ill-treat 虐待名詞(代詞)+動詞 mass-produce 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)形容詞+動詞 safe-guard 保衛(wèi).合成副詞副詞+副詞 however代詞+副詞 anywhere 副詞+名詞 downstairs形容詞+名詞 anyway (無論如何).合成代詞 some ,any, no, 可以與-thing, -one, -body 合成代詞. 如: anyb

7、ody , something 3.轉(zhuǎn)化: 是由一詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞 E.g. We paid a visit to the park yesterday.注意: 英語中常用 give, take, have, make 等詞構(gòu)成這一類詞組,表示一個動作. 如: give a shout , give a kick; take a seat, take a bath; have a swim, have a smoke; make a bet, make a decision2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞e.g The hall can seat two thousand people They have booked their plane ticket.3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞 e.g. The car slowed down to half its speed. The room gradually quieted down.4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞E.g. How long is the line? (adj) How long have you lived in China?