sat語(yǔ)法講義名師

1、主講：Identifying Sentence Errors一、主謂一致1. 就前原則(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT如： a group of students are中動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與 N1 有關(guān)，與 N2 無(wú)關(guān)）the details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home se, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York.N

2、o error (E).(P161.1)(2) 名詞 1+介詞+名詞 2名詞，語(yǔ)，verb如：studentshe classroom名詞+ng/done如：students studying hard例：Fls found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlandsof eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) onedred thousand years. No error (E).2.

3、“欲擒故縱”法(P166.3)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)做題基本原則是就前原則，如果句子太長(zhǎng)、太難、太復(fù)雜時(shí)，用“欲擒故縱”法。3.動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊固定用法(1)a number of一些；一般情況下其后動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，（不受任何規(guī)律限制）；the number of的數(shù)量；其后的動(dòng)詞在任何情況下都用單數(shù)。量詞考點(diǎn)：a group/list/line of倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：就后原則。如：here comes the bus地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Only 置于句首的倒裝使用“就前原則”例：he foothills oft large mountain range is (A) the sourof a river whose

4、course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E).(P 776.19)例：Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B)only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution e (D) known. Noerror (E).4.名詞(P167.6)集合名詞：family, group, stuff, team, comm

5、unity，只要這些詞以單數(shù)結(jié)尾，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。people, cattle,：其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)以s 結(jié)尾的詞：means, species, news以cs 結(jié)尾的詞：physics, mathematics，不表示復(fù)數(shù)，是單數(shù)。以u(píng)s 結(jié)尾的詞：octopus（章魚(yú)）, platypus（鴨嘴獸）, -saurus（恐龍）考點(diǎn)：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)作業(yè)：P410.23、24，P472.22，P602.27，P721.24、26、29，P839.20、27，P894.16，P956.12，P776.12，P839.25，P957.19、28，P471.17，P534.18。二、平行結(jié)構(gòu)

6、（1）名詞，名詞，and 名詞例：Each time Caroline turns on her computer , she has (A) to enter a company code,then her initials, and then entersNo error (E).(P166.2)sword (B) before (C) she can begin working (D).例：Of thedreds of warm-water coral species, only a few (A) are highly prized (B)for use in jewelry beca

7、use of their (C) beauty, luster, and they are hard (D). No error(E).(P533.12)（2）兩者之間的平行如：not only,but also neither,nor either,orand/but.例：The labor union is negotiating (A) a contract with the hospitalt (B) will satisfy(C) the demands of the workers and be acceptable to (D) all levels of management.

8、 No error (E).(P601.13)（3）句子的平行考點(diǎn)：同類比較特點(diǎn)：-er, more,n, as, like, unlike, compare to/with.如： The population of China is largernt of America.所有格和所有格之間比較時(shí)，第二個(gè)所有格是不能省略的，需要補(bǔ)充t of/those of/s。作業(yè)：P601.13，P777.28，P599.3，P410.21、29，P602.20、22，P659.25，P660.27，P720.14、18。三、形容詞和副詞adj. + n. / pron.adv. + v. / adj.

9、 / adv.如：I find the book easy. I find the book easily.例：Although canoeing through (A) the ras was exciting, it was (B) also exhausting,and we were happy for a time to have the canoe float serene (C) stretch of the river. No error (E).(P838.12)筆記：serene 平靜的；serenely 平靜地down (D) a smooth如：快速的發(fā)展中的國(guó)家ral

10、y develocountry例：The research study reveals (A) startling proof of a constant (B) changing seafloort comprises (C) the major part of (D) the underwater landsc(P602.29). No error (E).例：Just how (A) critical an improved balance of trade is to (B) a healthy economy hasnever been (C) more clearer (D)n i

11、t is now. No error (E).（P659.18）作業(yè)： P167.7，P192.14，P409.17，P660.29，P721.22，P894.13，P896.27，P957.23。四、邏輯主語(yǔ)（1）ng/done , SVO.如：Beaten black and blue, Kitty is crying. Beating black and blue, Kitty is crying.例：Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kings could count on

12、 (C) the support of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. Noerror (E)例：Raised in a large and noisy city, it was only when I went away to collegerealized how delightful life in a small town could be.（P955.11）t I(A) it was only when I went away to collegea small town could bet I realized how d

13、elightful life inwhen I went away to college I then realized how delightful life in a small town could begoing away to college made me realize how delightful life in a small town could beI did not realize how delightful life in a small town could be until I went away to collegedelightful life in a s

14、mall town was unrealized by me until I went away tocollege例：While working as a nursehe streets of Calcutta,t was when Mother Teresadeveloped a profound love for the poor.（P892.1）(A)t was when Mother Teresa developed a profound love for the poorMother Teresa developed a profound love for the poorthen

15、 the development of Mother Teresas profound love for the poor took placeMother Teresas profound love for the poor developed(E) a profound love for the poor developedother Teresa例：Having thought the problem through with some care,t the committee did notunderstand her solution frustrated the chairextr

16、emely.（P599.5）(A)t the committee did not understand her solution frustrated the chairextremely(B) the chairs extremely frustration resulted from the committee notunderstanding her solution(C) the chairs frustration at the committees failing to understand hersolution was extreme(D) the chairwas extre

17、mely frustrated by the committees failure tounderstand her solution(E) the committees failing to understand her solution was an extreme frustration to the chairwhile/when/by/on/through例：By simply entering anng/done , SVO.ernet website or calling a toll-free number, a catalogorder can be placed for a

18、lmost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers.（P616.12）a catalog order can be placedby placing a catalog orderthey will place your catalog orderyou can place a catalog orderyour catalog order can be placed例：Indicating their desire to extend free entrise,Canadians elected a memb

19、er ofthe Progressive Conservative Party, Kim C（P493.13）bell, as Prime Minister in 1993.(A) Canadians elected a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, KimCbell, as Prime Minister(B) Canadians election of a member of the Progressive Conservative Party asPrime Minister was Kim Cbell(C) Kim Cbell

20、 of the Progressive Conservative Party was elected PrimeMinister of Canada(D) the Progressive Conservative Partys Kim C Minister of Canadiansbell was elected Prime(E) a member of the Progressive Conservative Party, Kim Cby Canadians as Prime Ministerbell, was elected例：Though now one of the most famo

21、us abstract artists, critics once ridiculed JacksonPollock for his technique of splattering paon canvases.（P532.8）critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollockcritics once were ridiculing Jackson PollockJackson Pollock once ridiculed by criticsJackson Pollock was once ridiculed by criticsJackson Pollock, h

22、aving once been ridiculed by critics（2）SVO,SVOng/done . S 與分詞ng/done . O 與分詞如：The boys are watching a galaxy of beauties passing by, slobbering.例：During (A) my most recent (B) trip, I came across (C) a wonderful antique storewandering (D)he old quarter of the city. No error (E).(P533.16)作業(yè)：P955.5，P1

23、90.2，P534.21，P846.2。五、代詞代詞一定要確切地指明具體對(duì)象。（1）單復(fù)數(shù)例：The starling ich a (A) pest in rural areast ise (B) nesary tofind ways (C) of controlling the growth of their (D) population. No error (E)（P167.8）例：Contrasting with (A) most other (B) fifteenth- century rulers, Portuguese Kingscould count on (C) the sup

24、port of the aristocracy in any (D) overseas ventures. No error (E)（2）主格，賓格主格：I，we，they賓格：me，us，him，her區(qū)別：做主格的一般出現(xiàn)在句首，做賓格的一般出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞、介詞后。賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)。例：The report Alexander is discussing (A), a report prepared joly by he (B) and thecommittee, does not take o account (C) the socioeconomic sus of thoseerv

25、iewed (D). No error (E)（P602.21）例：Apparently impressed with (A) our plans, the foundation awarded Carlos and I (B) a grant to establish (C) a network of community centers throughout (D) the city.No error (E) （P602.26）例：For we (A) students, concern about impending (B) tuition hikes was even moreacute

26、n (C) apprehenabout (D) final exams. No error (E) （P721.27）（3）one，you 不能相互指代one 與he/she 對(duì)應(yīng)；ones 與they 對(duì)應(yīng)例：For people in (A) many ancient societies, work was only a means of (B) survivalrathern (C) a way to improve your (D) standard of living. No error (E)（P838.19）this 劃線which, who, whom,t考點(diǎn)：which 不能

27、指代人，who, whom 不能指代物。例：Candy manufacturers applauded the discovery by (A) researcherst studentswhich (B) smell chocolate while studying and again while taking (C) a test are ableto (D) recall more materialn students not exerror (E) （P894.15）ed to thr of chocolate. No例：In a world t (A) the rate of tec

28、hnological and so l change accelerates frighteningly (B) , change itself (C) often seems to be the only constant (D). No error (E) （P957.21）Where, in which 的區(qū)別：介詞+which 的用法where作業(yè)：P410.26，P472.28，P534.20，P601.15，P602.28，P659.20，P660.28，P720.15，P721.20，P776.14，P777.23、25，P839.24、26，P957.26。六、時(shí)態(tài)（1）現(xiàn)在類

29、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)。（2）過(guò)去類一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例：Jerome often referred to (A) art history textbook while he (B) was sculpting;whenever he learned a new method in art class , he seeks out (C) the work ofsculptors who had used it (D)he past. No error (E)（P409.15）例：Some of the workers who resent

30、 (A) the supervisors authority would probably (B)feelfortable if (C) they were to acquire the independencet theydemand (D) . No error (E)（P839.22）（3）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞例：Although bornhe Midwest, Langston Hughes lived most of his adult life inHarlem, in New York City, where (A), like (B) other writershe 1930s

31、, hehad wrote (C) some of his finest (D) works. No error (E)（P894.12）作業(yè)：P409.15，P471.16，P534.24，P658.12，P720.13，P777.21，P838.16，P839.22，P894.20。七、介詞基礎(chǔ)介詞的搭配把介詞的固定用法出得很長(zhǎng)?？嫉狞c(diǎn)：有能力去做be able tohave ability to be capable ofpreoccupation with總結(jié)歸納：ng動(dòng)詞劃線：時(shí)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)；代詞；平行結(jié)構(gòu)；形容詞和副詞；名詞；邏輯主語(yǔ)；介詞。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)、固定用法、5E 選項(xiàng)。作業(yè)：

32、OG 上所有的挑錯(cuò)題，并且分類總結(jié)。Improving Senten1. 簡(jiǎn)潔原則because 比because of，aware of， considering；主動(dòng)名詞。；直接間接；動(dòng)詞例：Anita liked to watchevi, of which she found the science programsespe(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)lly fascinating.evi evi evi evievi, of which she found the science programs espelly fascinating; she found the science

33、programs espelly fascinating, and it was espelly the science programst were oscination; the fascination of the science programs espelly, espelly fascinating to her were the programs2. run on句型SVO，SVO兩個(gè)句子相連：SVO，conjSVO 或者SVO；SVO副詞和介詞不能連接兩個(gè)句子：SVO，adv SVO 或者SVO，prep SVO adv：以 ly 結(jié)尾的詞；詞根判斷法；however, thu

34、s, hence, then, also, even練習(xí)： SVO, thus SVO.SVO, however SVO. SVO, but SVO.SVO, although SVO. SVO; therefore SVO. SVO; but SVO.SVO; although SVO.例：Since some (A) people are convinced t (B) dowsing, a method of findingunderground water with a Y-shd stick, is effective, but others condemn theprocedure

35、 as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E)（P602.24）1, Many students work after school and onkends, consequently they do novemuch time forng their.A,B,C,kends, consequently they do novekends, they do novekends, as a consequence they do noveD,E,kends, therefore they do novekends; consequently, they d

36、o nove2.Even the plays most minor characters work together with extraordinary skill, theirlay creates a moving theatrical experience.A, theirlay creates a moving theatrical experience.B, a moving theatrical experience is created by theirlayC, and theirlay creates a moving theatrical experience.D, an

37、d a moving theatrical experience being the creation of theirlayE, with theirlay they create a moving theatrical experience.3. 邏輯主語(yǔ)Logic subjectng/done ，SVO.adj./adv. ，SVO4. having，being詞：在句子中充當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)的組成部分。正確：放在句首大寫。例：Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen pur（P954. 3）Having been a victim of mal

38、icious rumorsHer being a victim of malicious rumorsHer having been victimized by malicious rumorsBecause being a victim of malicious rumorsBecause having been a victim of malicious rumorselyavoidedgossips.5.6.時(shí)態(tài)tense單復(fù)數(shù)singular & plural5、6 常常合在一起考，從動(dòng)詞開(kāi)始劃線平行結(jié)構(gòu)parallel structure7.ng,ng, andng / 名詞，名詞，

39、and 名詞 兩者之間的平行例：Most drivers know not onlyt exsive speeding on highways wastes gasoline,but alsot it is dangerous. （P678.13）(A) know not onlyt exsive speeding on highways wastes(B) knowt exsive speeding on highways could be wasteful of(C) are knowledgeablet exsive speeding on highways not only waste

40、s(D) have knownt exsive speeding on highways wastes not only(E) knowt exsive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste 同類相比較8. 固定用法sot， just as so， had hardlywhen，no soonern，not any more例：The new regulations have so complicated the pros of formulating a schoolbudget to where no one on the Bo

41、ard of Education is eager to undertake the task.（P430.6）budget to wherebudget, thereforebudget, evenbudget as(E) budgett例：Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands onabundance of famous paarchitects. （P775.10）ers, so Finland has provided a large number of famous(A) so Finl

42、and has provided a large number omous architectsFinland provides famous architects, and by large numbersFinlands contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number omous architects is provided(E) and like them Finland has provided a large numb

43、er omous architects例：No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.（P676.4）(A) but his wife persuaded him to return(B) but his wife had him persuadedo returning(C)n he was persuaded by his wifet he will return(D) but he wa

44、s persuaded by his wifeo returning(E)n his wife persuaded him to return例：Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any moren theywill remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.（P677.6）(A) any moren they will remember Wayne(B) as will Wayne not be remembered(C)

45、any moren Wayne will been remember(D) just as they will not remember Wayne(E) no more9. 雙主語(yǔ)n Wayne will be rememberedN SVO / N, SVO / N, S, VO。例：The Basque language,debated.（P863.10）sibly one of Europes oldest, whose origins are hotlyThe Basque language,sibly one of Europes oldest, whose origins are

46、 hotly debated.The Basque language,sibly one of Europes oldest, its origins are hotlydebated.(C)debated.sibly one of Europes oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly(D) The origins of the Basque language,debated.sibly one of Europes oldest, are hotly(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language

47、 whose origins areoldest.sibly Europes10. 同位語(yǔ)優(yōu)先主語(yǔ)，VO1. The comes recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientiststo wonder about the comition of the object.(A) which is leading scientists to wonder aboutthis development leading scientists to wonder aboutand with it scientists w

48、onder ofa development leading scientists to wonder aboutthis leading scientists to wonder on2. The rare-earth metal dysprosium, being a member of the lan group IIIb of the periodic table.nide series, and is in(A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthe periodic tablenide series, and is in group III

49、b ofdysprosium is a member of the lan periodic tabledysprosium, a member of the lan tabledysprosium is in group IIIb of thenide series, it is in group IIIb of thenide series, is in group IIIb of the periodicperiodic tabeing a member of thelannide series(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lannide s

50、eries, is in group IIIb of theperiodic table3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which sheinitially titledImpress and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, this isa bookt many fans consider her best work.(A) this is a bookt many fans consider her best work(B

51、) since many fans consider this her best work(C) the best workt many fans considered it to be(D) a bookt many fans consider her best work(E) it is considered by many fans as her best work4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a small frame beingnesary for a gymnast, Mary Lou Retto

52、n captured the hearts of the American peopleand won a gold medalhe 1984 Olympic Games.(A)a small frame being nesary for a gymnasthaving a small frame nebeing small frame nesary for a gymnastsary for a gymnast(D) a small frame nesary for a gymnast(E) because her small frame is nesarily fymnasts11代詞 p

53、ronoun（it, they, their, which,singular & plural；t）不能pro-verb, per-sentence；例：During the labor dispute, barrels of pooes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.（P599.4）highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffichighway and thereby blocking it to all traffi

54、chighway, by which all traffic was therefore blockedhighway, and therefore this had all traffic blockedhighway, thereby blocking all traffic不能pro-none;ambiguous usage;一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)同樣的指代，成立前提是必須指代同一內(nèi)容原則例：The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibilityof their practias le

55、gal and ethical.（P615.6）(A) as to the defensibility of their practias legal and ethical(B) as to their practiand their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds(C)t their practias ethics,t is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well(D)defensible (E)t in regards to defensibility their pr

56、actiare legally and ethicallyt the practiof the operators are legally and ethically defensible12. S，VO錯(cuò)誤用法：S, . ,ng+OS, . , which /t +OS, . , and +v. +OS, . , he / she +v.+O例：The problem of watollution, frequently compounded in certain areas becausethe treatment and release of industrial wastes are

57、not adequay regulated（. P954.2）pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas becausepollution, frequently compounded in certain areas andpollution, frequently compounded in certain areas whenpollution is frequently compounded in certain areas wherepollution is frequently compounded in certain ar

58、eas and13.S+V+O；S+V+OS+V+O；it+V+Oit 只能指代上一句話的主語(yǔ)。S+V+O，which S+V+O，ving/ved例：Conners, a publishing and media servicompany, is acquiring DispatchEducation, it manufactures schooiforms.（P599.2）(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures(B) Dispatch Education, whianufacturesDispatch Education, manufacturing

59、Dispatch Education, it is manufacturingDispatch Education, for the manufacturing of例：Many communitiesy se are forming neighborhood watch programs, for itwill deter criminals.（P739.10）programs, for it will deterprograms, in which it will deter(C) programst will deterprograms for the deterrence ofprog

60、rams being able to deter例：It is hard for some young people to bevet women were at one time notadmitted to some colleges, but they have sincee coeducational.（P802.8）(A) colleges, but they have sincee coeducational(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational(C) colleges, and have sincee coeducationale