軟工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)PPTchapter1

1、我們畢業(yè)啦其實(shí)是答辯的標(biāo)題地方Taiyuan University of Technology軟件工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院 軟件學(xué)院SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ESSENTIALSCourse OutlineCourse Arrangement: 32 Hours Lectures 2 CreditsTotal Score40%Assignment&Attendences&in class quiz+60%Final ExaminationLectures Range: Chapter1Chapter8Course Requirements: reading and co

2、mprehension In Class Quiz: Four times, and Once two weeks.Chapter 1 Mobile ComputersChapter 2 Software ReengineeringChapter 3 Main Memory DatabaseChapter 4 Networking And SecurityChapter 5 Artificial IntelligenceChapter 6 Big DataChapter 7 Mobile InternetChapter 8 Internet of Things2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué) 軟件

3、學(xué)院32022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院41.1 AN OVERVIEW OF MOBILE COMPUTERS1.2 SMARTPHONES1.3 ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEMTERMSCHPTER 1 MOBILE COMPUTERSCOMPETENCIESAfter reading this chapter, you should be able to:1. Describe the types and the features of mobile computers.2. Describe the different types of mo

4、bile operating systems.3. Distinguish between mobile operating systems and mobile Apps. 4. Explain the two types of smartphones. 4. Describe ARM architecture and Android architecture. 5. Identify the four layers of Android architecture.6. Discuss Android App Store: Google Play.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院520

5、22/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院61.2 SMARTPHONES The most dramatic change in computer technology in the past five years has been the widespread use of mobile computers, such as tablets and smartphones. Many experts predict that the application of these mobile computers has just begun. Mobile computers a

6、re expected to greatly affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院71.2 SMARTPHONESIn this chapter, we present an overview of mobile computers, including their types, features, CPU architectures, operating systems, and Apps. It is essential to understand t

7、hese basic concepts. Also, we describe smartphones, the most popular mobile computing devices in detail, like iPhone and Android phones. Lastly, we discuss the most widely used mobile operating system, Android OS, including its origin, architecture, and App store. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.軟件學(xué)院81.1

8、AN OVERVIEW OF MOBILE COMPUTERS1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF MOBILE COMPUTERSA mobile computer, also known as a mobile computing device, is described as a small, lightweight, portable computer containing wireless Internet access. A mobile device without Internet access is not generally referred to as a mobile

9、computing device.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院91.1.1 Types of Mobile ComputersThere are several types of mobile computing devices: Notebook computersTablet computersHand-held computersSmartphones Phablets Application-specific mobile computersDevices that are portable, but used while stationary, such as notebo

10、oks, are sometimes removed from the group of mobile computing devices as they cannot be used while in motion.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院10Notebook computers, Also called laptops or shortening notebooks, are small personal computers designed for portability. Usually, all of the hardware and interfaces needed

11、 to operate one notebook, such as the graphics card, audio devices andUSB ports, are built into a single unit. In the interests of saving power, weight and space, a laptop graphics card is in many cases integrated into the CPU or chipset and use system RAM, resulting in reduced graphics performance

12、when compared to an equivalent desktop computer. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院11A tablet A type of portable PCs that de-emphasizes the use of traditional input devices，such as a mouseora keyboard, by using a touchscreendisplay, which can be controlled by either a stylus pen or fingers. Some tablets may use a

13、hybrid or convertible design, offering a keyboard that can either be removed as an attachment, or a screen that can be rotated and folded directly over top of the keyboard. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院12Handheld computersAlso known as palm computers, are designed as very small devices to fit into the palm of

14、 one hand Typically combine pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communications capabilities. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are the most widely used handheld computers. PDAs run the MicrosoftWindows Mobileoperating system and an alternativeoperating system like Lin

15、ux. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院13A smartphone Is amobile phonewith an advancedmobile operating systemwhich combines features of apersonal computeroperating system with other features useful for mobile and handheld uses. It typically combines the features of a cell phone with those of other popularmobile dev

16、ices, such asa personal digital assistant(PDA),a media playeranda GPS navigation unit. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院14Aphablet Is a type of mobile devices designed to combine or straddle the form of asmartphoneand atablet. A phablet has a screen that measuresdiagonally5.36.99 inches (135178mm),a size that com

17、plements screen-intensive activities such asmobile web browsingandmultimediaviewing. In 2014, noting that phablets had overtaken laptops and desktops in global sales,The New York Timessaid Phablets could become the dominant computing device of the future the most popular kind of phone on the market,

18、 and perhaps the only computer many of us need. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院15Application-specific mobile computers Portable data terminals (PDTs): Electronic devices are used to enter or retrieve data via wireless transmission (WLANorWWAN). They can also serve asbarcode readers in large stores, or be used i

19、n warehouses, hospitals, or in the field to access adatabasefrom a remote location. Wearable computers, also known asbody-borne computers or wearables, are miniature electronic devices that are worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.Modern example will be theNikesystem which allows you

20、 to track your time, distance, pace and calories via a sensor in the shoe. CarputersorcarPCsare tabletcomputers designed or modified specifically to be installed and run in cars, which include useful technologies likeGPSandBluetooth. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).軟件學(xué)院161.1.2 Features of Mobile Computers Portabilit

21、y: Any mobile device should function and operate consistently while on the move, regardless of proximity to a power source or physical Internet connectionSmall Size: A typical mobile device will fit in the average adults hand or pocket. Some mobile devices may fold or slide from a compact, portable

22、mode to a slightly larger size, revealing built-in keyboards or larger screens. Wireless Communication: Typically capable of communication with other similar devices, with stationary computers and systems, with networks and portable phonesTouch Interface: Touch input allows the user to navigate easi

23、ly and type with avirtual keyboardon the screen. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院171.1.3 CPU Architectures of Mobile ComputersTwo major CPU architectures that dominate the mobile computers market are ARM HoldingsARM architectureand Intels x86 architecture. A Samsung 1 GHz ARM CORTEX-A8 processor and an Intel

24、x86 processor2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院181. Intels x86 architectureIncludingx86-64,has powered the IBM and its compatible PCs since 1981 and Apples Macintosh computers since 2006. The CPU architecture has been incorporated into tablet PCs over the years and generally offers greater performance along wit

25、h the ability to run full versions of MicrosoftWindows, including Windows desktop and enterprise applications. Intel announced plans to enter the tablet market with itsAtomin 2010.In October 2013, Intels foundry operation announced plans to build FPGA-based quad cores for ARM and x86 processors.2022

26、/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院192. ARM architectureARM has been chosen as the CPU architecture by manufacturers of smartphones (95% ARM), PDAs, digital cameras (80% ARM),set-top boxes, DSL routers, smart televisions (70% ARM) and tablet computers (95% ARM). This dominance began with the release of the mobile-fo

27、cused and comparatively power-efficient 32-bit ARM6 10 processor originally designed for theApple Newton（Apples PDA）and Acorn A4 (alaptopcomputer called A4 is introduced by Acorn) in 1993. The chip was adopted by Psion, Palm and Nokia for PDAs and later smartphones, camera phones, cameras, etc.2022/

28、8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院201.1.4 Mobile Operating SystemsIs an operating system (OS) for smartphones, tablets, PDAs, or other mobile devices. While computers such as the typical laptop are mobile, the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones as they were originally designed for

29、bigger stationary desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features. This distinction is getting blurred in some newer operating systems that are hybrids made for both uses.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院21 Mobile operating systems combine features of a personal computer opera

30、ting system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use, usually including touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication and infrared blaster, most of which are considered ess

31、ential in modern mobile systems. The popular mobile OS incluse: 1. Android OS: 2. iOS 3. Windows Phone 4. BlackBerry2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院221. Android OSIs aOS currently developed byGoogle, and based on theLinux kerneland designed primarily fortouchscreenmobile devices such as smartphones andtablets

32、. There are many worldwide companies that use Android OS for their mobile devices, for example, Samsungs Galaxy products in South Korea, Huawei and Xiaomis in China and many more other brands in the world. Android OS is the most popular operating system for mobile computers, and shares more than 50%

33、 worldwide market, while Android is currently not popular for regular PCs. Android isfree and open-source software,and a large amount of proprietary softwareis bundled with it, such as Google Play Store, Google Search, Google Play Services, Google Music, and so on.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院232. iOSIs fr

34、omApple Inc. and has the second largest installed base worldwide on smartphones, but the largest profits, due to aggressive price competition between Android-based manufacturers.It is closed source and proprietary and built on open sourceDarwincore OS. The AppleiPhone,iPod Touch,iPadand second-gener

35、ation ofApple TVall useiOS, which is derived fromApples desktop PCs OS X. Native third party applications were not officially supported until the release of iOS 2.0 in 2008. Before this, jailbreaking allowed third party applications to be installed, and this method is still available. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué)

36、.計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院243. Windows PhoneWindows Phone (WP) is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile. Unlike Windows Mobile, it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market. Windows Phoneis closed so

37、urce and proprietary, and it has third largest installed base on smartphones behind Android and iOS. Windows Phone devices are made primarily byNokia, along withHTC,and Samsung.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院254. BlackBerryBlackBerry 10is a mobile operating system from BlackBerry. It is closed source and pro

38、prietary. It is used mostly by government employees. All phones and tablets are manufactured by Blackberry itself. Once one of the dominant platforms in the world, its global market share had been reduced to 0.4% by the end of 2014.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院261.1.5 Mobile Apps The term app is a shorteni

39、ng of the term application software and now it has become very popular.In 2009, technology columnistDavid Poguesaid that newer smartphones could be nicknamed app phones to distinguish them from earlier less-sophisticated smartphones. In 2010 the term app was listed as Word of the Year by theAmerican

40、 Dialect Society.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院272022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院281. What are the six types of mobile computers and the four features of mobile computers?2. Describe three types of application-specific computers.3. Describe the CPU architectures of mobile computers.4. Define mobile operati

41、ng system. 5. List four common types of mobile operating systems.6. What are Apps? 7. Describe mobile Apps. CONCEPTS2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院.計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院291.2 SMARTPHONES1.2 SMARTPHONESNowadays, billions of people around the world use smartphones and phablets, and many of them are children. The great ad

42、vantage of Smartphones is that the phone provides many tools in a single, readily available, and relatively inexpensive package. In 2014, sales of smartphones worldwide topped 1.2 billion, which was up 28% from 2013. In Q1 2015 in the US, Android market share was 53.2%; Apples iPhone had a 41.3% sha

43、re and Samsungs Android smartphones had 29.3%. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院301.2.1 FunctionsHigh-end smartphones are sophisticated devices that combine the revolutionary Multi-Touch technology with powerful functions:GPS: Global Positioning SystemWi-Fi: Alocal area wireless computer networkingtechnologyBl

44、uetooth: Standard for exchanging data over short distances Processors: CPU Accelerometers: Gyroscopes:2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院31Multi-touch interface Itis a technology that enables a surface (touchscreen) to recognize the presence of more than onepoint of contactwith the surface. The surface usually f

45、ills almost the entire phone surface. The screen size usually defines the size of a smartphone, whose aspect ratiois normally 4:3or16:9. It is measured in diagonalinches, starting from 2.45 inches.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院32System on Chip(SoC) Is anintegrated circuit(IC) that integrates all components

46、of acomputeror otherelectronicsystem into a single chip. A multi-core processor is a singlecomputingcomponent with two or more independent actualprocessing unitscalled cores”. Agraphics processing unit(GPU Is a specializedprocessor. It is designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate

47、 the creation of images in aframe bufferintended for output to a display.A motion co-processor: Can collect, process, and store sensor data from integratedaccelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, and enables applications to be aware of what type of movement the user is experiencing.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟

48、件學(xué)院331.2.2 iPhone iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. and runs Apples iOS mobile operating systemThe iPhone was notable for its use of a large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of interaction, instead of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad typical for sm

49、artphones at the time. The first generation of iPhonefeatures a 3.5-inch touchscreen display, Bluetooth andWi-Fi, and it includes web-basedDashboardapps such asGoogle MapsandWeather. There are ninegenerationsof iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the nine major releases ofiOS. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)

50、算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院34TheiPhone 6andiPhone 6 PlusArerelatively new models of theiPhone series,and jointly serve as the successors to theiPhone 5SandiPhone 5C. Thetwo models include a number of changes over its predecessor, including a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi-Fi connectivity. 2022/8

51、/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院35iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s PlusThe newest iPhone models were unveiled on September 9, 2015 in Beijing China. The 3D touch is the main change for them.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院361. iPhone 6 The design of iPhone 6 is influenced by that of theiPad Air, with a glass front that is curved arou

52、nd the edges of the display, and an aluminum rear that contains two plastic strips for the antenna.The model comes in gold, silver, and space gray finishes. The iPhone 6 has a thickness of 6.9 mm and is thinner than iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C, being Apples thinnest phone to date. The most significant c

53、hange to the iPhone 6 is its displays branded as Retina HD Display and ion-strengthened. The iPhone 6s battery is 1810mAh. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院37The displayIt uses a multiple-domain LCD panel, called dual-domain pixels; the RGB pixels themselves are skewed in pattern, so that every pixel is seen f

54、rom a different angle. This technique helps improve the viewing angles of the display. The display is 4.7 inches in size with a16:9aspect ratio and resolution of 1334x750. 2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院 It includes a newsensorwhich is like the camera in the iPhone 5S, and it has 1.5 micron pixels, an f/2.2

55、aperture lens, and the ability to shoot 1080p video at either 30 or 60 frames per second. The camera also includesphase detection autofocus.It can also record slow-motion video at either 120 or 240 frames per second. The rear-facing camera38Processor iPhone 6 has a Dual-core 1.4GHz Cyclone Processor

56、 (ARM v8-based). The model includes anApple A8system-on-chip, and anM8motion co-processoran update of theM7chip from the iPhone 5S. The main difference between the M8 and the original M7 coprocessor is that the M8 also includes a barometer to measure altitude changes.The A8 chip would provide, in co

57、mparison to the 5S, a 25% increase in CPU performance, a 50% increase in graphics performance, and less heat output.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院392. iOS 9iOS 9is theninthrelease of theiOSmobile operating systemdesigned byApple Incwhich is the successor toiOS 8. iOS 9 focuses less on new features and more

58、on under-the-hood optimization, as well as battery improvement. iOS 9 can be used in iPhone4s or later iPhone modes. Some common features of iOS 9 include: Photos and CameraNotification CenterMassages, KeyboardsFamily Sharing and2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院40Photos and CameraWith iPhone, you can take stil

59、l photos, livephotos, and HD videos. There are two camerasin addition to the iSight camera on the back of iPhone, theres a camera in the front that you can use for FaceTime calls and selfies. The photos app contains more tools for editing photos. The cropping feature now enables rotating images both

60、 clockwise and counter-clockwise. Furthermore, users can set the desired brightness and colors for photos. The Camera app now features a shot timer for the front camera, which can be set to 3 or 10 seconds.2022/8/6太原理工大學(xué).計(jì)算機(jī)軟件學(xué)院41Notification CenterIt collects your notifications in one place, so you