高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)拓展資料之代詞

1、 人稱代詞與物主代詞 一，人稱代詞1. 人稱代詞的格人稱代詞的格指的是其主格和賓格兩種形式。主格就是指代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的形式；賓格則是在句子中做賓語(yǔ)所用的形式。使用賓格有幾種情況：1.動(dòng)詞，介詞之后。The Lunar New Year was always a happy time for us Chinese children.Friends can make us happy. 2. 做表語(yǔ)。What would you do if you were him?3. 單獨(dú)使用。Most of the homework was done by two members of the famil

2、y, my mother and me.4.在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。He is older than me/I.2. 人稱代詞的其他情況1）.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或沒(méi)必要清楚對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，可以用It表示。 Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?2）.人稱代詞也可用作為名詞。 Its not a she; its a he.3）. 代詞（they不分性別）指代已經(jīng)提過(guò)的一些人或事 The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening二，物主代詞1. 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主

3、代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。其分類如下：2. 這兩類代詞用法的最大區(qū)別是:形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)和作用,作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞;名詞性物主代詞具有名詞性質(zhì)和作用,本身就可以做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).換句話說(shuō),形容詞性物主代詞后面必須加名詞,而名詞性物主代詞后面不得加名詞.1. Is this your football, boys? -No, it is not ours. Your 作定語(yǔ)，置于football之前，ours 作表語(yǔ)，置于is之后。2. Our school is here, and theirs is there. Our 作定語(yǔ)，置于school之前，t

4、heirs 作主語(yǔ)，置于is之前。3. 注意1）形容詞性的物主代詞可作動(dòng)名詞的定語(yǔ) Would you mind my opening the windows?2）.名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a/an/this/that/ That car of mine is always breaking down.3）These/those/some/any/no/every/each/another.+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞 Some friends of mine will attend my party. 不定代詞一，表兩者或多者的不定代詞 都都不任一兩者bothnei

5、thereither多者allnoneany注意：(1) all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指兩者“都”(2) neither表示“兩個(gè)都不”，常和of連用，either 指兩者之中的任何一個(gè)。(3) none表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中，或用于never, hardly, without, if/whether等詞之后。練習(xí)1.Mr. Alcott refused to accept_（任何）of the three suggestions made by the students Union. 2.There are many tree

6、s on _ side（= _ sides）of the street.3. _（都不）of the two cars is mine.4. _his hands were wounded5. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.注意主謂一致1. 表示兩者 either-肯定含義-作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Either (of the books) is popular with the students. neither-否定含義-作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù) Neither o

7、f the twins is correct both-肯定含義-作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Both are right.= Both of them are right. eitheror / neithernor 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)適用就近原則Either you or your mother likes swimming. Neither you nor she is good at drawing.Both 與and 構(gòu)成并列連詞，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) Both he and his brother are good at English. 2. 表示多者 none-否定含義-其后可接of

8、短語(yǔ)，可指人指物，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)如和of連用指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，指可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)均可。 None of this money belongs to me. None of them has/ have seen me before. any:三者或三者以上中的任何一個(gè)，表示“任何”意義的時(shí)候后面接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；表示“一些”意義的時(shí)候后面可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Take any book you want.There arent any students in the classroom. all:三者或三者以上全部；代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用

9、復(fù)數(shù)。 All enjoy themselves. Now all has been changed. 注意 全部肯定/全部否定/部分否定全部肯定：all/both/everyone/everybody/everything/every+名詞Everyone would like to watch you practice.I know both of them.全部否定： no one/none/nobody/nothing/neither/not.any/no+名詞There is nobody in the reading room.None of that money on the t

10、able is mine.Neither of them can sing very well.部分否定： not+全部肯定、everywhere/always/altogetherAll that glisters is not gold. = Not all that glisters is gold.You can not fool all the people all the time. Both methods are not practical. = Not both methods are practical.二， 表另外的不定代詞 other/others/the other/

11、another (1)other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果前面有the , some, any, each, every, no 以及形容詞性物主代詞，也可以與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用。 Do you have any other questions?(2)others意為“其他的人或物”，相當(dāng)于“other復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，可構(gòu)成some.others. 一些.另一些.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.

12、 (3)the other有兩種常見(jiàn)用法：the other意為“其他的”，其后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指概念；the other意為“兩者中的另一個(gè)”，常用于“one.the other.”結(jié)構(gòu)。He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.Mary is much taller than the other girls. (4)another意為“又/再”，指三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)。常用于“another基數(shù)詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞more名詞”If I choose to take

13、 the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes.三，表每一的不定代詞 each& every(1)each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，而every則強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，與all相當(dāng)。因此，與almost, nearly, without exception等連用時(shí)，可用every, 不能用each.Every student in our class has a dictionary. (定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary. （定語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)個(gè)體） (2)each可指兩者，

14、而every則不能。He had a cut on each foot.(3)each還可用作代詞，而every只能用作形容詞，且只能作定語(yǔ)。Each has his advantages. Every child in the class passed the exam(4)every可表示“每(隔)”，但each不能The Olympic Games is held every four years.四，表一些的不定代詞 some &any （1）some：用于肯定句中，或用于建議、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，或用于希望對(duì)方作肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中，也用于表示反問(wèn)的否定疑句中。Would you l

15、ike some more bananas?（2）any：用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句或條件句中，或用于never, hardly, without, if/whether等詞之后。Id been expecting some letters the whole morning, but there werent any for me. (全國(guó))五，復(fù)合不定代詞（something/anything/nothing) 注意(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。Everything is good when new，but friends when old東西是新的好，朋友是老的親。(2)修飾復(fù)合不

16、定代詞的形容詞要位于后面。something important重要的事。(3)something, somebody/someone, anything還可作名詞，意為“重要的事情(或人物)”。His wife is now somebody in television.（4）一些固定搭配 : all but (差不多）， anything but(根本不）， nothing but （只不過(guò)，僅僅），none but (僅僅，只有） 指示代詞&反身代詞一，指示代詞的用法1)作主語(yǔ) This is the way to do it.2)作賓語(yǔ) I like this better than

17、that.3)作表語(yǔ) My point is this.4)作介詞賓語(yǔ) I dont say no to that. There is no fear of that.注意事項(xiàng)(1) this和these是時(shí)間或空間上的“近指”，可與here連用； that和those是時(shí)間或空間上的“遠(yuǎn)指”，可與there連用。 This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time (2)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物；this和these則是指下面將要講

18、到的事物。I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English (3) 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai(4) this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方，不用I或you。Hello! This is Mary. Is that J

19、ack speaking? (5) this和that還可表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當(dāng)于so，作狀語(yǔ)。The ending is not that satisfactory.二，反身代詞的用法1.作賓語(yǔ)1) 動(dòng)賓：Tom taught himself Chinese.2) 介賓：The boy is old enough to take care of himself.2.用作表語(yǔ) : I am not myself today.3.用作同位語(yǔ) The thing itself is not important.4.在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下，but，except，for 等介詞后賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞或

20、人稱代詞賓格均可。 No one but myself (me) is hurt. 注意1)反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。Myself drove the car. ( 錯(cuò) )I myself drove the car. (對(duì) )2)但在and，or，nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)中，第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)可用反身代詞，特別是myself 作主語(yǔ)。Charles and myself saw it.查爾斯和我看見(jiàn)了這件事。三，替代詞1.it 表同類同物表單數(shù)Yesterday, I bought a football, but now I cant find it. 2. one 表同類但不同物,表單數(shù)，可用形容詞

21、修飾，泛指There are many TV sets in the store; Would you like to take one? (a TV set)3. ones 表同類但不同物,表復(fù)數(shù)，可用形容詞修飾，泛指I dont like green apples; I like red ones.4. the one 表同類但不同物,表特指，表單數(shù)The bridge made of stone is much stronger than the one made of wood.5. that 表同類但不同物, 指代單數(shù)或不可數(shù)The boy told me his story and

22、 that of his sisters.The population of China is larger than that of any other country in Asia. 6. the ones / those 表同類不同物，表特指，表復(fù)數(shù) The books on the desk are better than the ones / those under the desk it的用法一，it用作實(shí)詞1、指前面已提過(guò)的事物、想法或情況等e.g. He sent me a pen and I liked it very much.2、性別不明或不重要的人或動(dòng)物e.g. Th

23、e baby is crying. It must be hungry.3、在語(yǔ)境中確認(rèn)的某人或某事物e.g. Who is it over there? It may be Mr. Li.二，it用作虛詞1、指時(shí)間、天氣、距離、環(huán)境等e.g. Its 5 kilometers from here to my school2、形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句e.g. It is important for us to take exercise. It is no use crying spilt milk. It has been confirmed that

24、 he will retire next month.三，it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型: It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that 從句 (被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that可以由who換用) It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. Was it in the street that you met her? Who was it that c

25、alled him“comrade”?特例:It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)直到.才.，可以說(shuō)是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didnt realize sh

26、e was a famous film star until she took off her glasses.It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.四，幾個(gè)易混淆的it句型 1. It is/was + 時(shí)間 + since 從已多久了It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I (had) lived in tha

27、t small mountain village with these farmers.It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。2. It + be + 時(shí)間 + before-clause 這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ) (如：a long time , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才.”。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒(méi)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就.”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過(guò)去時(shí)was或?qū)?lái)時(shí)will be；用was 時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；用will be 時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 It will be several years before we meet again.It was not long before they set out for the front.3. It + be + time + that-clause這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主