翻譯綜合及翻譯理論典型題詳解

1、4.2翻譯綜合及翻譯理論典型題詳解題 1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.嚴(yán)復(fù)在天演論譯例言（1895）中提出：譯事三又 。此后100多年來(lái)， 這就成了我國(guó)譯界的一個(gè)重要的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Six guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation：. 英語(yǔ) ，漢語(yǔ)輕。英語(yǔ)多，漢語(yǔ)少。英語(yǔ)重，漢語(yǔ)輕。用英語(yǔ)解釋：Hypotaxis; Parataxis.5 .用漢語(yǔ)解釋：Theme; Rheme.參考答案：信達(dá)雅Glaring errors in ECT derived f

2、rom the take-it-for-granted attitudeDictionary isindispensable.Mechanical reference fails the translatorsDictionary is not always so reliable.English to English dictionary is sometimes a better helper.Never confine your reference to one dictionary.Divergent thought works when dictionaries fail to wo

3、rk.Dictionaries cannot be expected to be always correct, esp. the dictionaries compiled by Chinese.英語(yǔ)重形合，漢語(yǔ)重意合。英語(yǔ)多省略，漢語(yǔ)少省略。英語(yǔ)重時(shí)體，漢語(yǔ)輕時(shí)體。用英語(yǔ)解釋Hypotaxis： The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you dont come.Parataxis： The a

4、rranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example： The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away.Theme：句子陳述的對(duì)象（即話題），談話的出發(fā)點(diǎn)，它是讀者從上下文或由語(yǔ)言外 的知識(shí)得到的內(nèi)容。因此，它表達(dá)的是已知信息（given information）0Rheme：指為主體提供新信息的句子成分，是句子對(duì)陳述對(duì)象所作的陳述，即對(duì)已知事 物說(shuō)了些什么，它是交際的中心

5、，敘述的目的，是讀者所未知或假定讀者未知的內(nèi)容，因 此，它表達(dá)的是未知信息（new information）o 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，未知信息是句子內(nèi)容的重點(diǎn)或句 子的強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)。題2. Sentence Translation （翻譯時(shí)第1和第2句時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意形合和意合的處理）黎明即起，灑掃庭除。2天要下雨，娘要嫁人。There are books and books.It has often noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow.But my mother had not passed

6、this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too.The broadcaster, owned by media mogul Rupert Murdoch, is home to “Melrose Place where stars like Heather Locklear sport thigh grazing skirts and plunging necklines.You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisi

7、tive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually stupid at bottom.Having sex once or twice a week gives a boost to the immune system that could help ward off colds and flu, New Scientist magazine said Wednesday.Forms leaned together in the taxi as they waited, and voices sang, and there was

8、 laughter from unheard jokes, and lighted cigarettes outlined unintelligible gesture inside.If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at

9、forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.參考答案：Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.If Heaven wishes it to rain or your mother to remarry, there is no way to stop them.世上有好書(shū)也有壞書(shū)。人們已經(jīng)注意到，大凡受到死亡威脅的人或是死里逃生的

10、人對(duì)于他們所干的任何事 總是興趣盎然。但是母親已經(jīng)很多年沒(méi)有走這條路了，苗條的倩影和矯健的步伐已不可復(fù)睹。這家廣播公司，屬于一家媒體巨頭Rupert Murdoch,它是Melrose Place節(jié)目的發(fā)源 地，在此節(jié)目中，像Heather Locklear這樣的明星惹人注目地穿著裸露大腿的裙子和低領(lǐng)口 的衣服。在日常生活中，你也許曾經(jīng)注意到，那些專愛(ài)打聽(tīng)別人閑事的人，往往記憶力很差， 而且通常他們都是一些蠢家伙。星期三，新科學(xué)家雜志上提到，每周做愛(ài)一到兩次能夠強(qiáng)化人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，能夠 避免感冒或流感的侵襲。那些坐在出租車?yán)锏群蜷_(kāi)車的人，影影綽綽地依偎在一起，他們情話綿綿，雖不知 在低聲私語(yǔ)什

11、么，卻可聽(tīng)到他們的嬉笑聲，點(diǎn)燃著的香煙隨著他們的手勢(shì)一閃一閃地在跳 動(dòng)。至于其中奧妙，卻是難以理解的。26年前，她那藍(lán)眼睛、花兒般的魅力，透著玉潔冰清秀氣的臉蛋兒和身段，還有 那蘋(píng)果花似的臉色，曾經(jīng)令A(yù)shurst對(duì)她一見(jiàn)鐘情。這都已成了往事。如今，43歲的她，盡 管雙頰隱約露出了些斑點(diǎn)，灰藍(lán)色的眼睛已經(jīng)有些浮腫，但依然是一個(gè)眉清目秀的忠實(shí)的伴 侶。題 3. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences.美國(guó)的翻譯理論家奈達(dá)博士 （E.A. Nida）在其翻譯理論與實(shí)踐一書(shū)中將讀者（譯 文受眾）引入翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提出了、 （注意此兩格用中英文填寫(xiě)）的翻

12、譯原 則。他認(rèn)為，翻譯就是“用最貼切、最自然的對(duì)等的譯入語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)義和文體兩方面再現(xiàn)原文信 息”的過(guò)程，動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是譯文的讀者和原文的讀者在感受上基本相同。魯迅：比如一個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞，寫(xiě)不出，創(chuàng)作時(shí)可以回避，翻譯卻不成，還得想，一直弄到頭昏眼花，好像腦子里面摸一個(gè)急于要開(kāi)的鑰匙，卻沒(méi)有。 嚴(yán)復(fù)：一名之立，旬月。 陸殿揚(yáng)先生就曾明確指出：Translate, if possible, or, appeal to free translation.喬姆斯基關(guān)于深層結(jié)構(gòu)與表層結(jié)構(gòu)的理論，對(duì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)此點(diǎn)不無(wú)裨益。所謂深層結(jié) 構(gòu)，就是運(yùn)用短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則和詞項(xiàng)插入規(guī)則后所得到的結(jié)構(gòu)，它包含句子成分間的語(yǔ)法關(guān)

13、系和深層語(yǔ)義。所謂表層結(jié)構(gòu)，。Translations are like womenwhen they are faithful they are not beautiful, when theyare beautiful they are not faithful.此比喻與我國(guó)老子的一個(gè)說(shuō)法不謀而合。老子 參考答案：“動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等”(dynamic equivalence)、“功能對(duì)等”(functional equivalence)箱子的踟躇literally就是在深層結(jié)構(gòu)上運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則衍生出來(lái)實(shí)際運(yùn)用的句子。美言不信，信言不美。題 4. Fill in the following blank

14、s .翻譯理論又有了新發(fā)展。傅雷在高老頭重譯本序中提出：以效果而論，翻譯 應(yīng)當(dāng)像臨畫(huà)一樣，所求的不在形似而 。60年代錢(qián)鐘書(shū)在林紓的翻譯一文中 更進(jìn)一步提出：文學(xué)翻譯的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“化”。把作品從一國(guó)文字轉(zhuǎn)變成另一國(guó)文字，既能 不因語(yǔ)文習(xí)慣的差異而露出生硬牽強(qiáng)的痕跡，又能完全保存原有的風(fēng)味，那應(yīng)算得上是。漢語(yǔ)自有漢語(yǔ)之美。漢語(yǔ)不注重對(duì)客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)作符合邏輯的形式的描摹，不執(zhí)著于形式結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范。漢語(yǔ)是一種時(shí)現(xiàn)“陰柔之美” ()的語(yǔ)言。漢語(yǔ)的魅力系于她的流散和疏放，系于她的暗示力和。 英語(yǔ)不甘于邏輯的內(nèi)涵，而是將邏輯關(guān)系 ”，以明顯的邏輯標(biāo)記使自己成 為一種重“形合”的語(yǔ)言。而漢語(yǔ)則樂(lè)于不動(dòng)聲色的“”，

15、在其表層結(jié)構(gòu)上不留或 少留邏輯痕跡。 譯文既傳達(dá)原文的信息，又盡可能地保持原文的。直譯是一種重要的翻譯 方法。有人估算，翻譯過(guò)程中，的句子要用直譯方法來(lái)處理。陸殿揚(yáng)先生就曾明確指出：Translate literally, if possible, or, appeal to.(如果可能，就直譯；否則就采 。) 漢語(yǔ)是一種”，寥寥數(shù)詞，就能出意境，出氛圍，出畫(huà)面。所以，漢語(yǔ)中許多 的表達(dá)要譯成英語(yǔ)，那簡(jiǎn)直是要英語(yǔ)的“命” 了。形合與意合是語(yǔ)言學(xué)涉及句法問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)重要概念。其相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)系源于希臘語(yǔ)的 和。文體猶如一年中的四季，春夏秋冬，四季分明。文體有正式(the formal style)

16、與非 正式(the informal style)之別。再細(xì)分，前者含莊嚴(yán)體(the Frozen Style)與正式體(the Formal Style)；后者含商議體(the Consultative Style)、 ()、親密體(the Intimate Style)。正式與非正式之間，也一如四季。讀歐陽(yáng)修豐樂(lè)亭記里的“仰而望山，俯而聽(tīng)泉”忽悟：此乃借用白居易廬山草堂記“仰觀山，俯聽(tīng)泉”語(yǔ)。此間僅增一字，則文氣卻異，除增加了一份舒緩?fù)猓€別 有一番行文趣味。初唐杰出詩(shī)人王勃27歲就匆匆離開(kāi)人世，卻給后人留下了傳世名篇騰 王閣序，此外，他還寫(xiě)下了“,”的千古名句。細(xì)究之下，此名句乃脫胎于庾

17、信的“落花與芝蓋齊飛，楊柳共春旗一色”。10. Thirty Years Ago, Man Slipped Bonds Of Earth； Kennedy Drama Brings Tributes, Trauma In U.S. Press兩條標(biāo)題均隱含幽默。前者，后者。參考答案：神似；“化境”Femininity； 意境性外化；意合表達(dá)形式；70%free translation；意譯意境語(yǔ)言；意境性強(qiáng)Hypotaxis； parataxis隨意體；the Casual Style落霞與孤鷲齊飛，秋水共長(zhǎng)天一色輕松；凝重題 5. Fill in the blanks in the foll

18、owing sentences “漢語(yǔ)具有意美、三大優(yōu)點(diǎn)?！?魯迅漢文學(xué)史綱要第一篇 自文學(xué)至文章，然而，英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)相比，前者為拼音文字，而后者為表意文字。英語(yǔ)所具有的“音美”顯然有別于漢語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)一個(gè)字代表一個(gè)音節(jié)，而漢語(yǔ)音節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)形式的一個(gè) 突出的審美特征是雙聲疊韻。“譯筆出原著頭地”，或曰青出于藍(lán)的現(xiàn)象除歸結(jié)為譯者“驅(qū)使本國(guó)文字”的“功夫” 之外，另有一點(diǎn)似不可忽視，即漢語(yǔ)本身是“智慧的語(yǔ)言”、”(魯?shù)婪蚋トR齊 語(yǔ))。漢語(yǔ)的種種 (諸如四字結(jié)構(gòu)、意合parataxis能力、形式齊整、音律躍耳、辭 格豐富、意境性強(qiáng)等等)如漫漫譯途上的一盞指路明燈，又如茫茫譯林中的奔泉與鳥(niǎo)鳴，令 譯者走出“柳暗

19、”，令譯者呈現(xiàn)“光明”。聯(lián)想(association)的理論與實(shí)踐同樣適用于英漢翻譯。放眼譯苑，不少譯者未動(dòng)譯 筆，已敗于“理解”門(mén)檻之外，其理解或捉襟見(jiàn)拙，或張冠李戴，或自相矛盾；另一些譯者 雖理解無(wú)誤，卻譯筆呆滯枯暗，表達(dá)，或不問(wèn)原文，或淡而無(wú)味，緣由之一恐怕 蓋與“聯(lián)想”有涉。，為有源頭活水來(lái)。我們把玩譯林佳句時(shí)，常發(fā)出這樣的慨嘆： 文思如涌，聯(lián)想馳騁，方能譯筆有神。從語(yǔ)源(Etymology)觀察，英漢相距甚遠(yuǎn)。雖然英漢同屬屈折變化(inflections)較少的 分析性語(yǔ)言(analytical language)，也不屬綜合型語(yǔ)言(synthetic language)，但是，英語(yǔ)

20、與漢語(yǔ) 畢竟各自隸屬不同語(yǔ)系，前者屬 (Indo-European language)，后者屬漢藏語(yǔ)系()。 詞典之類的參考書(shū)對(duì)譯者來(lái)說(shuō)都。只有，包括最廣泛的語(yǔ)言 文化背景，才能說(shuō)明含義。(英)喬治-斯坦納此種觀點(diǎn)，甚至“殃及”譯界：科技翻譯講抽象思維，而文學(xué)翻譯才須講形象思維。 實(shí)際情況則是：任何一類翻譯，都需要。缺乏形象思維的翻譯，其譯文或舛誤疊現(xiàn)， 或生硬呆板，或形容枯槁，。靈感思維并不縹緲，更不遙遠(yuǎn)！君不見(jiàn)，那么令人失聲叫絕的譯文，就或明或暗地 閃現(xiàn)靈感思維的光澤。譯者的靈感思維從天而降，他會(huì)走筆如神，左右逢源，心中蕩漾；而誦讀這樣的譯文，則完全可能令讀者陶醉字里,!潛心對(duì)原文和譯 文

21、作對(duì)照閱讀時(shí)，你會(huì)感受心靈的震撼，“嚯”地起身，大呼“天才譯文!”據(jù)筆者陋見(jiàn)，經(jīng)受文化沖擊，首先指置身于異族文化或生活方式的人，其次，大概 就數(shù)“”了。因?yàn)椋Z(yǔ)言畢竟或多或少是一種社會(huì)和文化的載體。而翻譯則是一種 典型的。漢語(yǔ)自有漢語(yǔ)之美。漢語(yǔ)不注重對(duì)客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)作符合邏輯的形式的描摹，不執(zhí)著于形 式結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)范。漢語(yǔ)是一種時(shí)現(xiàn)” (femininity)的語(yǔ)言。漢語(yǔ)的魅力系于她的流散 和疏放，系于她的。 從翻譯美學(xué)審視，“雅”，即”，即原文或譯文的。參考答案：音美/形美世界上最成熟的語(yǔ)言/優(yōu)勢(shì)詰屈聱牙/問(wèn)渠哪得清如許4 .印歐語(yǔ)系 /Sino-Tibetan language沒(méi)有多大用處/上下文形

22、象思維/味同嚼蠟無(wú)限快意/忘情行間8 .譯匠 /intercultural activity陰柔之美/暗示力和意境性美/美學(xué)價(jià)值題6.填空Yan Fus 3-word translation criteria are, and .Translation in China has a long history of some years.The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are and .參考答案：faithfulness, expressiveness, elegancetwo tho

23、usandfaithfulness, smoothness題7.回答下列問(wèn)題。What is meant by translation?What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?What do you think should be the cri

24、teria of translation?參考答案：Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.Karl Marx was fond of saying, “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”Generally speaking, a qualified translator

25、 should have five prerequisites:a good command of the source language;a good command of the target language;a wide range and scope of knowledge;a high political consciousness;a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the

26、 original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness,

27、 or even only one word: faithfulness.題8.找出下列英語(yǔ)熟語(yǔ)的來(lái)源并譯成漢語(yǔ)。to blow hot and coldto paint the lilya dog in the mangerto separate the sheep from the goatsEveryone for himself and the devil take the hindmost.參考答案：The Fables of AesopW. ShakespeareThe Fables of AesopThe BibleThe Bible朝三暮四畫(huà)蛇添足；多此一舉（浪費(fèi)或做不必要的事

28、）占據(jù)牛槽的狗（占著茅坑不拉屎的人）把好人與壞人分開(kāi)人不為己，天誅地滅（各人為自己，魔鬼捉到最后的。）題9.試譯下列各句，注意運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)熟語(yǔ)翻譯斜體部分。And then I fell asleep and only woke at broad day.His body was perfect, alive with easy suppleness and health and strength.In a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national de-fence is the best guarantee of a

29、 nations vital interests.Yet there was no hint as to who had irresponsibly started his fiction in the first place. Or why.By comparison, the Great Wall in China is a mammoth presence.參考答案：隨后我又睡著了，直到日高三丈才又醒來(lái)。他的身體十全十美，肌肉柔軟，強(qiáng)健有力，顯得生氣勃勃。在危機(jī)四伏，動(dòng)蕩不安的世界里，鞏固國(guó)防是一個(gè)國(guó)根本利益的最好保障。但首先，究竟是誰(shuí)信口開(kāi)河、憑空捏造的呢？又是懷著什么目的呢？卻只字未

30、提。相比之下，中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城真是個(gè)龐然大物。題10.試用漢語(yǔ)同義熟語(yǔ)翻譯下列idioms。to show ones coloursto face the musicas mute as a fishto take French leavetweedledee and tweedledumto be at the end of ones ropeto look for a needle in a haystackto put all ones eggs in one basketto mind ones Ps and Qsto talk black into white參考答案:1.原形畢露6.山窮

31、水盡2.臨危不懼7 .大海撈針3.噤若寒蟬8.孤注一擲4.不辭而別9.謹(jǐn)言慎行5.半斤八兩10.顛倒黑白題11.根據(jù)下列各句括號(hào)內(nèi)所給方法將下列各句譯成漢語(yǔ)。A good dog deserves a good bone.（直譯加解釋法）Ill workmen often blame their tools.（直譯聯(lián)想法）No smoke without fire.（意譯改造法）He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.（對(duì)聯(lián)增字法）Like knows like.（等值互借法）參考答案:1 .好狗應(yīng)該得好骨頭（有功者受獎(jiǎng)）。拙

32、工咎器（聯(lián)想：驢不拉磨嫌套彎；不會(huì)撐船怪河彎）。無(wú)火不起煙（根據(jù)“無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪”改造而來(lái)）。近朱者赤，近墨者黑。英雄識(shí)英雄。題12.翻譯下列諺語(yǔ)。Many a good cow hath a bad calf.Like father, like son.No fire without smoke.In for a penny, in for a pound （or: as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb）.Sit on the fence （or: swim between two waters）.One may steal a horse, while

33、 another may not look over the hedge.Give a dog a bad name and hang him.If you want a pretense to whip a dog, say that he ate the frying-pan. （or: He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find a stick. ）Love me, love my dog.One boy is a boy，two boys half a boy，three boys no boy.參考答案:好牛下孬崽（虎父生犬子

34、）。有其父必有其子。有火必有煙（有一利必有一弊）。一不做二不休。騎墻。一人可以偷馬，他人無(wú)權(quán)看圍籬（聯(lián)想：只許州官放火，不許百姓點(diǎn)燈）。給人加個(gè)壞名聲，誹謗他，他就永遠(yuǎn)洗刷不掉（欲加之罪，何患無(wú)辭）。欲加之罪，何患難無(wú)辭。愛(ài)屋及烏。一個(gè)和尚挑水吃，兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃，三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水吃。題13.翻譯下列漢語(yǔ)熟語(yǔ)。十五個(gè)吊桶打水一一七上八下。搟面杖吹火一竅不通。外甥打燈籠照舅（舊）。竹籃打水一一一場(chǎng)空。大牯牛的口水一一太長(zhǎng)。啞巴吃黃連一一有苦難言。肉包子打狗一去不回頭。半推半就病來(lái)如山倒，病去如抽絲。10.負(fù)荊請(qǐng)罪27.聽(tīng)而不聞11.倚老賣(mài)老28 .心悅誠(chéng)服12.雅俗共賞29 .聞過(guò)則喜13.天倫之樂(lè)3

35、0.好為人師14.樂(lè)極生悲31.舍生取義15.清官難斷家務(wù)事32 .見(jiàn)賢思齊16.牽腸掛肚33.不恥下問(wèn)17. 一言以蔽之34 .默而識(shí)之18.隨心所欲35 .誨人不倦19.溫故知新36.欲速則不達(dá)20.既往不咎37.飽食終日，無(wú)所用心21.敏而好學(xué)38 .視而不見(jiàn)22.三思后行39 .怨天尤人23.學(xué)而不厭40.尊賢使能24.擇善而從41.得道多助，失道寡助25.殺身成仁42.專心致志26.心不在焉43.生于憂患，死于安樂(lè)參考答案：Fifteen buckets being hurriedly lowered into a well for water一eight going down wh

36、ile seven were coming up.To blow up a fire through a rolling-pin just doesnt work.back in the old rutladling water with a wicker basketget nothing out of itthe slobber of a buffalo一too longthe dumb man eating the bitter herb: to suffer the bitterness of it in silenceA dog given a bone doesnt come ba

37、ck for more.only make a show of resistingIllness comes as fast as a wall falling down but goes as slowly as unravelling a cocoon.abject apologiespresuming on ones ageHighbrows and lowbrows alike can enjoy.the joys of family life togetherJoy at its height engenders sorrow.Not even good officials can

38、settle family troubles.beside oneself with anxietybe embraced in one sentenceto follow what ones heart desiresto keep cherishing ones old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring newThings that are past, it is needless to blame.to be of an active nature and yet fond of learningthink thrice, and

39、then actlearning without satietyto select the good qualities and follow themto sacrifice ones lives to preserve ones virtue completeThe mind is not present.to hear and not to understandIn ones hearfs core one is pleased and sincerely submits.One rejoices when he is told to have a fault.to like to be

40、 teachers of othersto let life go and choose righteousnessWhen you see men of worth, you should think of equaling them.not to be ashamed to ask and learn of ones inferiorsthe silent treasuring up of knowledgeinstructing others without being weariedDesire to have things done quickly prevents their be

41、ing done thoroughly.to stuff oneself with food the whole day, without applying ones mind to anything goodto look and not to seeto murmur against heaven, grumble against mento give honour to men of talents and virtue and employ the ableHe who finds the proper course has many to assist him. He who los

42、es the proper course has few to assist him.with ones whole mind being given, and will bent to somethingLife springs from sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure.題14.將下列英文譯成漢語(yǔ)熟語(yǔ)。A clay idol cant save itself while swimming across a river.The dog bites Lu Dongbinhe bites the hand that fee

43、ds him.The rat in the barn asks a crow for grain, as if a bird on the wing had some while the rat in the barn had none.A six-foot lamp-stand (that) lights up others but stays dark itself.The extreme of adversity is the beginning of prosperity.The abler a man, the busier he gets.The toad on the groun

44、d wants to eat the goose in the sky.People may become princes or thieves, depending on whether theyre successful or not.One conquest breeds appetite for another as an ancient Chinese general did.You cant expect ivory from a dogs mouth.Important people have short memories.As soon as the rivers crosse

45、d you pull down the bridge.Too much cunning in plotting and scheming is the cause of her own undoing.a phoenix from a crows nestdouble-faced and tricky.參考答案：泥菩薩過(guò)江一一自身難保。狗咬呂洞賓，不識(shí)好人心。倉(cāng)老鼠問(wèn)老鴰去借糧一守著的沒(méi)有，飛著的倒有。丈八燈臺(tái)一一照見(jiàn)人家，照不見(jiàn)自己。否極泰來(lái)能者多勞癩蛤蟆想吃天鵝肉成則王侯，敗則賊子得隴望蜀狗嘴里吐不出象牙貴人多忘事過(guò)河拆橋機(jī)關(guān)算盡太聰明，反算了卿卿性命題15.請(qǐng)改譯以下譯文。Love Is

46、 Not like Merchandise愛(ài)情不是商品A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain “if I steal a nickels worth of merchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of anothers wife, I am free.”佛羅里達(dá)州的一位讀者顯然是在個(gè)人生活中受過(guò)創(chuàng)傷，他寫(xiě)信來(lái)悲嘆道：“如果我偷走 了五分錢(qián)的商品，我是個(gè)賊，就要受到懲罰

47、，但要是我偷走了別人妻子的愛(ài)情，我卻沒(méi)事”This is a prevalent misconception in many peoples minds, that love, like merchandise, can be “stolen. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections.”這是許多人心目中普遍存在的一種錯(cuò)覺(jué)，愛(ài)情，像商品一樣，可以“偷走”。實(shí)際上， 許多州都頒布法令，允許索取“情感轉(zhuǎn)讓”賠償金。But love is not a commo

48、dity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.但是愛(ài)情并非商品；真情實(shí)意不可能購(gòu)買(mǎi)，出售，交易，或者偷走。愛(ài)情是意愿之果， 感情之向，是個(gè)性潮流之變。When a husband or wife is “stolen by another person, that husband or wife was already rip

49、e for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The “l(fā)ovebandit was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.當(dāng)丈夫或妻子被他人“偷走”，那個(gè)丈夫或妻子被“偷”的條件成熟，已經(jīng)做好了接納 新伴侶的準(zhǔn)備。這位“愛(ài)匪”不過(guò)是取走等候取走、盼望取走之物。We tend to treat persons like goods. We ever speak of children “belonging” to t

50、heir parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone else; e ach person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right to remove from their parents7 trusteeship.我們往往待人如物。我們甚至說(shuō)孩子“屬于”父母。但是誰(shuí)也不“屬于”誰(shuí)。每個(gè)個(gè)人 只屬于自己，屬于上帝。

51、孩子是托付給父母的，如果父母不善待他們，州政府有權(quán)取消父母 的托管。Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us bysomebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruderbut as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to beginwith. It

52、was not the intruder that “caused” the break, but the lack of a real relationship.我們中的多數(shù)人年輕時(shí)也許都有過(guò)情人被某個(gè)更漂亮、更具魅力的人奪走的經(jīng)歷。當(dāng)時(shí)， 我們也許怨恨這位“竊賊”，但是，隨年歲的增長(zhǎng)，我們認(rèn)識(shí)到：所謂情人，原本就不屬于 我們。不是“竊賊”“導(dǎo)致”決裂，而是本來(lái)就缺乏真實(shí)的關(guān)系。On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party. This is, however, a psychological

53、 illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.從表面上看，許多婚姻似乎是因?yàn)橛辛?“第三者”才破裂的。然而這只是一種心理幻覺(jué)。 那個(gè)女人，或者那個(gè)男人，實(shí)際上掩蓋了一個(gè)已經(jīng)失卻真正意義的婚姻的解體。Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “come between” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captives or victims of others they are free agents, working out their own destini