中考英語重點語法詞法考點5：介詞

1、中考英語重點語法詞法考點5：介詞一介詞at/ in /on .1.表示時間：1).表示某一具體時間點，某一時刻/ 年齡 at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night2)in表示時間段,一天的三個時間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀,人生的某個時期(某人幾十歲時) in the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/

2、具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個時間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時.On Monday on New Years Dayon Sunday morning on a rainy nighton the evening of April 1st ,20072表地點:1)at 一般指較小的地點或較具體的位置 at the station at the cinema2)in 表示在較大的地點或一個有限空間里. in China in the classroom3)on 指在某物體的表面上. on the desk注意: 寫街道時,若有門牌號用at ,否則用on / in 都可. He l

3、ives at 270 DongChangan Street.二.介詞in /on / to 表方位:1.in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關系) Tanwan is _ the southeast of China .2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關系) Hubei is _ the north of Hunan .3.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關系) Japan is _ the east of China .三. between / among 在之間1.between :指兩者之間. 在.之間.2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之間. 在之中. You sit _

4、 him and me . The song is popular _ the students.四.after / in 在之后1. after1)after + 時間段. 表示以過去某一時刻為起點的一段時間之后, 用于過去時.2)after 作介詞. after doing sth2.in +一段時間. 表示說話時或以現(xiàn)在為起點的將來一段時間之后.用于將來時. He came back _ two days . He will go home_finishing his homework . He will come back _ two days .五.with / in / by 表示

5、 “用”1.with 表示 “用” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官. He cut the apple into halves _ a knife . 注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有” He came in _ a big smile on his face .2.in表示用某種語言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English ?He wrote a letter _ blue ink .3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法I study for a test _ working with a group .H

6、e makes a living _ selling newspapers .注意: 同義詞組1).by phone = on the phone2).by car = in a car3).in pen = with a pen = with pens六.across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過1.across 指橫穿,穿過. 表示動作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過.2.through 指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.3.over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.4.by 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過. Can you swim _ the river ?

7、the elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate . I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence. I walked _ the bank of China yesterday .七.in front of / in the front of 1.in the front of 表示在.內(nèi)部的前面2.in front of 表示在外面的前面 There is a desk in _ front of our classroom . There is a big tree in _ front of our

8、classroom.八其它介詞的用法：1.at的其它用法.1).表示 “從事或正在做某事”,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞. She is at work now = She is working now .2)at表示 “價格或速度” The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .2.in的其它用法:1)in表示 “在方面” 詞組:do well in = be good at be weak in2)in 表示 “穿著”后接表顏色的詞或衣服. 詞組: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服3)in作副詞, “在家” = at home3.like

9、 的用法:1).像/和一樣. 常與系動詞連用. 詞組: look like sound like2).與what 連用, “是什么樣子, 怎樣”. What is he like ? He is kind .4.off的用法:1).從下來, 脫離某物體. 詞組: fall off2). “休假”通常放在時間名詞之后. 詞組: have +時間+ offHe hasnt had a night off for two hours .5.except / besides1).except 除了.之外, 都. . 不包括在范圍之內(nèi). 注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也沒有.2).besd

10、ies除了之外,還有 . 包括在范圍之內(nèi). We all went swimming _ Lucy . There is _ a letter in the box . We study Japanese and French_ English .6.with / without1).with具有,含有 -反義詞: without 沒有詞組: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks to without ones help2).without 的用法: A).without + sb./ sth. 沒有某人或某物 B).wi

11、thout + doing sth . He left here without_(say ) “Goodbye”to usC). without sth 常與if 引導的否定的條件句. If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live _ _ .7.on the tree /in the tree on the tree 表示 “樹上本身長的東西” 在樹上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進入樹中” 人或物在樹上. There are some apples _ the tree . There is a boy _ the

12、 tree.8.since / for注: since / for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時.1).since :a).since +時間點 b). 現(xiàn)在完成時+ since +一般過去時 c).since +一段時間+ ago.2)for: for +一段時間= since +一段時間+ ago9.be made +介詞的區(qū)別: be made of 由制成 (看得見原材料)be made from由制成 (看不見原材料)be made in +地點 由哪兒生產(chǎn)be made by sb. 由某人制造10.表示 “數(shù)量的介詞”about , round around over 1). about , round around表示 “大約” 2).over 表示 “超過”= more than.11.inside / outside Inside 在里面 -反義詞:outside在.外面12.in the wall /on the wallin the wall 表示“門窗在墻上” on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”九.不用介詞的情況:1).當時間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時,不用介詞. W