大學(xué)英語教案 Unit46

1、Unit 6 Section AI. HYPERLINK Background Information.doc Background Knowledge Chrysler Corporation The Chrysler Corporation, founded in 1924, used to be one of the three largest American automobile manufacturers whose brands include both passenger and commercial vehicles such as Chrysler, Jeep and Do

2、dge. The other two largest American automobile manufacturers are General Motors and Ford. In addition to auto making, Chrysler is also engaged in financial services, providing loan services (mostly) to car buyers. In 1998 it merged with Daimler-Benz AG (of Germany) (best known for its Mercedes-Benz

3、brand name) to become part of the DaimlerChrysler Corporation, which is jointly owned by European, U.S. and other international investors. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) A U.S. government agency, whose mission is to protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities market

4、s. The Commission was set up by the U.S. Congress in 1933 in response to “Black Monday”, the Great Stock Market Crash of 1929. Its purpose was to restore investor confidence in the U.S. capital markets by providing more structure and government oversight. It is based on the concept that all investor

5、s, whether large institutions or private individuals, should have access to certain basic facts about an investment prior to buying it. To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial and other information to the public, which provides a common pool of knowledge f

6、or all investors to use to judge for themselves if a companys securities are a good investment. It is believed that only through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive and accurate information can people make sound investment decisions. At present the SEC is comprised of five presidentially-appoin

7、ted Commissioners, four Divisions and 18 Offices, with a total of about 3,100 staff. The International Chamber of Commerce The aim of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), founded in 1919, is to serve world business by promoting trade and investment, open markets for goods and services, and t

8、he free flow of capital. Its activities cover a broad spectrum, from arbitration and dispute resolution to making the case for open trade and the market economy system, business self-regulation, fighting corruption or combating commercial crime. The ICC is made of a World Council (its governing body

9、) and individual national committees and groups. Individual companies, corporations, professional associations as well as individuals can also join the ICC as individual members. II. HYPERLINK Text Analysis.doc Text Analysis The passage is broadly put into three parts: bribery has become a common oc

10、currence in many countries, three main categories of bribery, and the efforts to ban bribery and the result. The whole passage is organized in problem-solution pattern. In the first part, the phenomenon (the problem) is described; in the second, the questionable payments are analyzed; and in the thi

11、rd, the efforts for solution and the result are presented. The illustration of the problem (Paras. 1-4) The analysis of the problem (Paras. 5-8) The solution of the problem (Paras. 9-11) 1 The first part consists of 4 paragraphs, from Paragraph 1 to Paragraph 4,concentrating on the point of view tha

12、t bribery is a common occurrence in many countries, The author presents his viewpoint in Paragraph 1 that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and in some countries, it has been a way of life for centuries. The author continues to support his viewpoint from Paragraph 2 to Pa

13、ragraph 4.paragraph 2 establishes a supposition with an example: What if during a negation the other side asks for a bribe? Do you pay up or stand by your principles? Paragraph 3 answers the question in Paragraph 2 with an example showing that sticking to high moral standards is easier said than don

14、e. In a very competitive business if we didnt bribe to keep our buyers happy, someone else would. Then the author comes to a conclusion with an example: bribery is on the increase and has become a fact of commercial life. The last sentence of Paragraph 4 is a transitional sentence which tells that i

15、n the following part the author is to present us three categories of questionable payments or bribes. 2 The second part from Paragraph 5 to Paragraph 8, 4 Paragraphs in all, focuses on the three categories of bribery. In this part there are a lot of examples to support the authors points. In Paragra

16、ph 5 and 6, the author presents the first category of bribery ; substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. Paragraph 7 deals with the second category of bribery: payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some projects, to speed up the wheels of governme

17、nt. paragraph 8 is about the third category of bribery ; payments made to people who help with the passage of a business deal. 3 the third part is made up of the last 3 paragraphs, from paragraph 9 to paragraph 11,which are about the efforts to prohibit bribery .paragraph 9 is about the effects by t

18、he international Chamber of Commerce(ICC) to set up a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. And a council has been proposed to manage the code. paragraph 10 tells us that the council has met difficults in carrying out the code as opinions differ among members of the ICC co

19、ncerning how to enforce the code. paragraph 11 quoted from a famous British newspaper that business is caught in a web of bribery. It is hard to square the business interests with moral conscience. The last paragraph also implies a conclusion for the whole reading passage; bribery seems inevitable.I

20、II. HYPERLINK Language Points.doc Language Points 1. on the increase (become more frequent or greater in number or intensity) 在增長中Eg; that bribery in various forms is on the increase (L. 3) 形形色色的賄賂行為正日益增多 Drug smuggling was on the increase, 毒品走私一直在增長。Ones strength of character is not necessarily on

21、the increase along with the growth of his age. 一個人的骨氣不一定會隨著年齡的增長而增長。2. to make it clear to sb. that （say clearly to sb that）明確向某人表示；明確告知某人Eg; the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe,(L. 6) 貿(mào)易部長向你明確表示如果能給他一大筆賄賂。Mother makes it clear to me that I cant play

22、 if I dont finish my homework媽媽向我明確表示如不做完作業(yè)我是不能玩的。The immense influence of IT on our society makes it clear that we are living in the Information Age.信息技術(shù)對社會的巨大影響表明我們正生活在信息時代。3. to stand by ones principles (L. 8) 堅持原則 stand bystill believe or agree with sth said ,decided or agreed earlierShe still s

23、tands by every word she said她仍然信守自己所說的每一句話It brings one trust and respect from others to practice honesty and stand by his promises.為人誠實、信守諾言會贏得別人的信任與尊重 2）help sb. or be friends with them, even in difficult situations I wouldnt break a law for a friend, but I would stand by her if need be 我不會為了朋友犯法，

24、但如果需要的話，我會支持她的 3）Be present while sth bad is happening but not do anything to stop it How can you stand by and see him robbing the old man? 看著他搶劫那個老人，你怎能袖手旁觀？ 4）be ready for action The troops are standing by. 部隊正嚴(yán)陣以待。4. to have high moral standards (L. 9) 有高尚的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn) It is easy to talk about having hig

25、h moral atandards but ,in practice,What would one really do in such a situation? 高尚的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說起來容易，但實際上人們在這種情況下究竟會怎樣做呢 The college life should be centered around raising students academic and moral standards.大學(xué)生活應(yīng)以提高學(xué)生的學(xué)術(shù)和道德水平為中心。5. in private（with nobody else present,secretly） 私下里；秘密地；在私生活里； 在家里in Brita

26、in who were prepared to say in private(L. 15)在英國有人私下里說。A home is a place for relaxing in private.家是私下放松的地方He is a gentleman of refinement in public but a man of easy virtue in private.在公開場合他是個彬彬有禮的紳士，但在私下里卻是個放蕩不羈的人。 反意詞 in public 類似的短語 in practice etc.(para3)6. 為方便討論起見 / 為了政治目的for discussion / polit

27、ical purposes (L. 30 / 32)一個社會再自由開放也決不容許一些人為了險惡目的而胡作非為。A society, no matter how free and open it is, never allows some people to commit all kinds of outrages for evil purposes.7. 正在調(diào)查中under investigation (L. 34)正在對911襲擊前后的情報工作進行全面的司法調(diào)查。A full-scale judicial investigation is under way into the intell

28、igence work around the 11 September attack.8. 因可能觸犯商業(yè)法規(guī)for possible violations of business laws (L. 35)微軟公司被指控違反反壟斷法。The Microsoft Corporation was charged with violations of anti-monopoly laws.9. 資助某人做某事to finance sb.s efforts to do sth. (L. 36)他們正同心協(xié)力去創(chuàng)造航天技術(shù)的新奇跡。They are combining their efforts to

29、work new wonders in space technology.10. 得到主要建筑合同to secure major construction contracts (L. 38)“吃一塹,長一智”的格言就是提醒你防止犯同樣的錯誤。The proverb “ a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit” reminds you to secure yourself from a repetition of the same mistakes.11. 給 施加壓力 / 過分強調(diào)to put pressure / undue stress on . (

30、L. 41)過分強調(diào)書本知識會削弱學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性思維的熱情。Putting undue stress on book knowledge will weaken students enthusiasm for creative thinking.12. 向某人捐款匯款to make donations / payments to sb. (L. 42)我們的錢應(yīng)捐給那些受貧窮所困卻很有天賦的孩子們。Our donations should be made to those (who are) stuck in poverty but endowed with talents.13. 加快的速度 t

31、o speed up the wheels / progress of (L. 44)加快教育改革速度的關(guān)鍵是更新教育理念。The key to speeding up the wheels of educational reform is to renew conceptions of education. 14. 想出了辦法to hit upon / on the answer / solution (L. 47)他突發(fā)奇想：裸跑能使他成為公眾關(guān)注的焦點。He hit upon a strange idea that he could become the focus of the pub

32、lic attention by running in the nude.15. 暗中將某物塞入to slip sth. into / within (L. 47)上課的時候，她悄悄塞到他手里一張紙條，上面寫著：“老地方見，不見不散。”While in class, she slipped into his hand a piece of paper on which she wrote, “Lets meet at the same old place and not leave without seeing each other.” 16. 屬于此類to be included on th

33、is list (L. 55)你要么劃為清官,要么劃為貪官。沒有中間地帶。You are either included on the list of the honest officials or on the list of the corrupt officials. There is no middle point.17. 設(shè)計一套法規(guī)to devise a code of rules (L. 56)社會道德準(zhǔn)則是根據(jù)一個社會對于正確與錯誤行為所持的觀念制定的。A code of social morality is established in accordance with the

34、 notions of right and wrong conduct held by a society. 18. 禁止各種類型的賄賂to prohibit bribery in various forms / in all its forms (L. 3 / 56)我們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是如何防止各種類型的智能犯罪。The most pressing for us now is how to prevent intellectual crime in all its forms.19. 達到; 等于; 實際上是to amount to (L. 59)如果一位女士對你說：“再說吧。”，那就等于拒絕了

35、你。If a lady says to you, “ Lets talk about it later.” , that amounts to her refusal.20. 既確保自己的利益，又無愧道德良心to square ones interests with his moral conscience (L. 68)為人不做虧心事，夜半敲門心不驚。One who always squares his acts with his moral conscience never fears midnight knocks at his door.原句: Students taking busi

36、ness courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule. (L. 1)IV. HYPERLINK Writing.doc Writing Bribery is a common occurrence in many countries. The phenomenon is introduced by “classes on business ethics”, and exemplified by two e

37、xamples: a British car manufacturer and the Chrysler Corporation.Questionable payments can be divided into three categories: 1. Those for political purposes or to secure major contracts; 2. Those for obtaining quicker official approval of some project; 3. Those for help with the passage of a busines

38、s deal. ICC is to set up a code of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. And a council has been proposed to manage the code. However, opinions differ among the members of ICC. Bribery seems inevitable. Devices for developing it?Bribery and other questionable payments are on the in

39、crease in many countries. They seem to be based not on lack of business ethics but on business interests. Exemplification (舉例法)Exemplification is employed in the third and the forth paragraph to make the authors viewpoint convincing. The authors viewpoint in Para. 3: Sticking to high moral standards

40、 is easier said than done. The example in support: A British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes and of other questionable practices; People in the motor industry held that if they didnt bribe to keep the buyers happy, someone else would. The authors viewpoint in Para. 4:

41、Bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. The examples in support: The Chrysler Corporation revealed that it made questionable payments of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976.Three hundred other U.S. companies had admitted that they had made payments of one kind or anothe

42、r in recent years. Listing (列舉法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?The questionable payments are divided into three categories: payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts; to obtain quicker official approval; and made to people who help with the passage of a business deal. Li

43、sting is employed in this part to list three categories of questionable payments.Para. 5 The first category consists of Para. 7 The second category covers Para. 8 The third category involves Deduction (演繹法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?To ban bribery, a code of conduct is favored by ICC, and e

44、ven a council was proposed to manage it. But, its members are of different opinions. Anyway, bribery seems inevitable. In this part, deduction is employed to show that members of ICC have different ideas as to the enforcement of the code. General statement: Unfortunately, opinions differ among membe

45、rs of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. (L. 61)Specific descriptions: The British members would like the system to have enough legal power to make companies behave themselves. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law. Example writing Norm

46、ally there are three kinds of people who choose to live alone on purpose. The first group of people is artists. They believe in the inspiration in solitude. One of my friends is a writer. He enjoys the time when he is alone. He can stay up late to read and, above all., concentrate on his writing wit

47、hout fear of being interrupted by others. On his wall he posts a quotation from Thoreau; “I never found the companion that was companionable as solitude.”The second group of people is hunters, who prefer to live by themselves. Hunters are afraid that too many people will frighten away their prey. Th

48、e third group consists of people who are disappointed from their marriage or family life. Once the newspaper reported a story about a woman who has been living alone since her husband left her five years ago for some better economic opportunities. She is not waiting for his return but she is just di

49、sappointed in life.Section BI. HYPERLINK Reading Skills.doc Reading Skills Reading between the lines means drawing inferences about the authors meanings, ideas, purposes, intentions or conclusions. Making inferences relies on the context clues, logical thinking, common sense and sometimes our knowle

50、dge of the world and on what is written or what is not written. Reading Skills: Reading Between the Lines (Review)Here are some more examples from passage A, Unit 6. Please read the paragraphs and answer the questions that follow, trying to find out the meaning implied between the lines.Example 1: S

51、tudents taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries. (Para. 1, Pa

52、ssage A, Unit 6)Question: What can account for the students surprise when finding that classes on business ethics have been included in their schedule? Possible answer: The students are innocent and inexperienced and they dont expect bribery and similar activities to be common in business. Reading S

53、kills: Reading Between the Lines (Review)Example 2: It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as

54、 paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. (to be continued)。The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industr

55、y in Britain who were prepared to say in private: “Look, were in a very competitive business. Every year were selling more than a $ 1,000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, whos hurt? If we didnt do it, someone else would.” (Para. 3, Pass

56、age A, Unit 6)Question: What is implied in Paragraph 3, Reading passage A? Possible answer: In a highly competitive business world, keeping high moral standards is something easier said than done, bribery is inevitable. Reading Skills: Reading Between the Lines (Review)Example 3: In a well-known Bri

57、tish newspaper, a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take.” This is probably an exaggeration. However, todays businessman, selling in overseas markets, will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business interest

58、s with his moral conscience. ( Para. 11, Passage A, Unit 6 ) Question: What does “business interests” imply? Possible answer: “Business interests” here implies making profits.II. HYPERLINK Text Analysis(B).doc Text Analysis Part 1 (para 1-3) topic introduction by the journalists experience on the pr

59、actice range to put forward the point of the passage; whether more police should be armed with guns Part 2 (para 4-13) by examples to show to the audiences what measures should be taken. Part 3 (para 14-15) The biggest threat is the increase in the tasks we expect the police to carry out.III. HYPERL

60、INK Language Points(B).doc Language Points1 The biggest thread to the role of police officers threat to (Sb/sth) 對構(gòu)成了威脅。eg 他不害怕，因為你對他不構(gòu)成威脅。 He is not afraid because you represent no threat to him.一些人認為機器是對他們工作的一種威脅。Some people think that machinery is a threat to their jobs.2. .on the practice rangea