英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論試卷B

1、EXCEPT2013-2014學(xué)年第2學(xué)期期末考each of the following waysB.試（B）卷A. position of the tongue課程名稱英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)概論openness of the mouthD.任課教師簽名程建山C. manner of articulation出題教師簽名shape of the lips3. In terms of manner of articulation,z審題教師簽名王婉華考試方式（閉）卷B.D.力word “frightening.the English consonantss andfollowing statements

2、carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices bestA. 2B.completes the statement and blacken thecorresponding letter A, B, C or D on theC. 4D.ANSWER SHEET. (2%10=20%)1. According to Saussure,5. Semantically,the sentence“Irefers to the abstract linguisticregret stepping on your booksystem shared by a

3、ll the members of athe sentence “I stepped on your book.”speech community, theset ofA. presupposesB.conventions and rules whichlanguageentailsusers all have to abide by.C. contradictsD.A. languageB.is synonymous withlangueC. paroleD.act theory, a(n)act is the actAccording to John Austin s speechcomp

4、etenceperformed by saying something.2. Vowels can be classified interms ofA. prelocutionaryB.locutionaryC. illocutionaryD.perlocutionaryAll the following words EXCEPT are the examples which can be used to illustrate semantic narrowing.A. auntB.wifeC. houndD.fowlIn many cultures, words relating to se

5、x, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a larger part of vocabulary.A.genderB.euphemismC. slangD.tabooSpeaker A: Im out of petrol . Speaker B: There s a garage round the corner.Speaker B is violating the maxim ofA. quantityB.qualityC. relationD.manner 10. A typical example of a community

6、 is an ethnic ghetto where most, if not all, of its inhabitants are either immigrants or children of immigrants.A. diglossicB.bilingualC. pidginizedD.creolizedDirections: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note t

7、hat you are to f川in ONEword only, and you arenot allowed to change the letter given. (1%x 10=10%) 11. Cultural t refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker, and they are not simply biologically passed on from generation to generation.The phonemi

8、c features that occur above the level of the segments are called s features, which are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence.D affixes are added to an existing form to create a word. This is a very commonway to create new words in English.A c sentence

9、contains two ormore clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.If we say “The baby is crying, “ we must be talking about a certain baby crying in a certain situation; the word “baby” meansa baby known to both the speaker and the hearer, which is the r _ of the word “baby” in this particula

10、r situation.The relationship between the words in such pairs as buy and by, stationaryand stationery canbe labeled as h.In an a process, successivesounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another in terms of place or manner of articulation, or of haplology.In sociolinguistic studies, a pid

11、ginized dialect may expand and eventually become the native language of a certain population, which is known as c .A linguistic t refers to aword or expression that is prohibited by the “polite societ y from general use.Speech v refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group

12、 of speakers.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2% x 10=20%)Speech and writingare the two major

13、media of communication. In linguistic evolution, however, speech is prior to writing, therefore, the spoken language rather than the written should be given priority in modern linguistics.There are two ways now available to transcribe speech sounds: broad transcription and narrow transcription, of w

14、hich the really required and used by popular textbook and dictionary writers is the latter.Prefixes are added to the beginning of stems; they modify the meaning of the stem, but do not change the part of speech of the original word.Compounds have different stress patterns from non-compounded word se

15、quences. In general, the stress of a compoundalways falls on the second word, while the first word receives secondary stress.Sentence is usually conceived as the largest unit of grammar. Normally, a sentence contains at least a subject and a finite verb or a verb phrase as its predicate.The pair of

16、words,“ husband” and“wife, ” are complementary antonyms.One linguistic symbol can have different references while bearing the same sense. There are also occasions, though less frequent, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.Contextualism is based on the presumption that

17、 one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary.IV

18、. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%X 10=30%)arbitrariness32. parole33.consonants34. bound morpheme35.back-formation36. syntax37.sense38. pragmatics39.hyponymy40. sociolectV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10% x 2=20%)Draw

19、a tree diagram of constituent structure for each of the following two sentences.A boy found the book.The guide suggested the tourists take a rest.State briefly Cooperative Principle and its four maxims and then use it to explain the following conversation:A: How do you like my painting? B:I don t ha

20、ve an eye for beauty, I m afraid.He is made of iron. Directions ： Read each of thefollowing statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.(2%X 10=20%)1-5 BCDBA 6-10 BADCBII. Directions ： Fill in the blank ineach of the following statements with one word, the

21、first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONEword only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%X 10=10%)11. transmission 12.suprasegmental 13. derivational 14. complex 15. reference 16. homonymy 17. assimilation18. Creole 19. taboo 20. varietym . Di

22、rections : Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write a“ T” for true or“F” for false on the Answer Sheet.(2 % X 10=20% )21-25 TFTFT 26-30 FTTTFIV. Directions Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%x 10=30%) 31.arbitrariness:th

23、ere is no intrinsicconnection between the word and the thing it denotes, e.g.“pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with.parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use;parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from p

24、erson to person, and from situation to situation.consonants: consonants are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at someplace to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.bound morpheme: it refers to those morphemes which cannot occur alone. T

25、hey must appear with at least another morpheme.back-formation: It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.syntax: It refer to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to f

26、orm sentences in a language, or simply the study of the formation of sentences.sense: sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of linguistic form; itis the collection of all the features of conversation. This is what he callsthe linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contexualized.pragmatics: Th

27、e study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.hyponymy: Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i.e. the class name, is called superordinate, and the lower term, the members, hyponyms.sociolect: it is a kind of social

28、variation of language which can reflect a person s socioeconomic, educational, occupational and ethnic background, as well as their sex and age.V . Directions : Answer the following questions. (10% x 2=20%)Omitted.Speech act theory tells us that a speaker can meana lot more than what is said. The problem is to explain how the speaker can manager to convey more than what is said and how the hearer can understand the speaker s meaning. H.P. Grice believes that there must be some mechanismsgoverning the production and comprehension of these utteranc