主謂一致講解很詳細

1、關(guān)于主謂一致講解很詳細第一張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 主謂一致是指句中的主語和謂語的致。我們一般遵從三個原則：1、 語法一致的原則： 語法一致的原則是指主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時，其謂語動詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注意一些特殊情況；1）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 連接的兩個主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個主語為主。例如： Several passengers, together with the driver, were hurt.2）表示時間，重量

2、，長度，價格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Fifty years is not a long time.3） 非謂語動詞，從句或其他短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.4）如果主語是由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each, every, no 等詞修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.第二張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2、 意義一致的原則： 意義一

3、致的原則指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達的概念，而不取決于表面的語法標志，主要表現(xiàn)為某些集體名詞后可跟動詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如果這些集體名詞指整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；指具體成員時用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 類似這樣的集體名詞有： family, class, audience, committee （委員會）, crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, public, council （理事會）, village等。第三張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022

4、年6月3、 就近原則： 所謂就近原則是指謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的詞語，而無須考慮其他的詞。1） 以eitheror, or, neithernor和not onlybut also連接的兩個主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與離謂語最近的主語保持一致。例如： Either you or he has to go there with me. 2） 由there或here引起的主語，而又不止是一個時，采取就近原則。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.第四張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主謂一致的測試熱點1由 m

5、any a 或 more than + 單數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall. More than one student has visited the exhibition. 2“的幾分之幾”和“的百分之幾” 作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于 of 后的名詞。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 40 percent of the students in our class are girls. 3“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”

6、作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)； “ the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 A number of pupils like reading picture-books. The number of the students in our class is 55. 第五張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時 and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。 The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often works with the worke

7、rs. 5成對的名詞，如bread and butter涂黃油的面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water鹽開水等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 A knife and fork is on the table. 6由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語的前面分別有each, every或no修飾時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。 No student and no teacher is invited to the party. In our country every boy and

8、every girl has right to receive education. 第六張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7主語是單數(shù)，其后跟有together with, along with (與一道)，as well as (和；也)，no less than (和一樣)，rather than (而不)，以及with, not, like, but, except, besides, including 等引起的短語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 He as well as his sister is a League member. 8在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, tha

9、t, which,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。 I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know. 9主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。 My trousers are being washed now. There is a pair of shoes in the box. 第七張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于

10、2022年6月10表示度量、價格、時間的復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞組作主語時一般被看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Ten dollars is not enough. Three months has passed since he left. 11主語是以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及news, works (工廠)等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況而定。 Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. A new means of teaching is being used in that school. 注

11、：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 My mathematics are week. 12主語是用作書名、劇名、報紙名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。 The United States is a developed country. 第八張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月13主語是family, team, group, crowd, class, committee等集合名詞時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式，如指的是全體人員時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family are all music lovers. 14“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”之

12、前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 She is the only one of these women who plays the violin. 15主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。 Half of the visitors are from Europe. Half of the fruit is bad. 第九張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022

13、年6月16主語是表示數(shù)量的“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。主語是“one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. There are one or two things Id like to know about. 17the +形容詞或分詞作主語時，如指一類人。其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語用單數(shù)。如： The rich are not always happy. The new is sure to replace the old. 18由not only

14、 but also, neithernor, eitheror, not but以及or連接的并列主語，謂語動詞要與最靠近它的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking.第十張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月19在倒裝句中以及在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，如主語是并列的，謂語動詞往往和其后面的第一個主語取得數(shù)上的一致。 Where is your mother and younger sister? There is a pen , two pencils and five book

15、s on the desk. 20主語 people 作“人們，人民”解時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作“民族”解時，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 Our people is a great one. There are 56 peoples in China. 21主語是a / this / that kind of +名詞，謂語用單數(shù)形式，主語指的不是一種而是多種，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 This kind of cloth feels soft. There are different kinds of animals. 22主語是“each of ”，“neither of ”，“either of ”，“one

16、of”等時，其謂語用單數(shù)。 Each of them has his own duty. 第十一張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月23陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或 no +復(fù)數(shù)名詞等作主語時，反意部分用they。而陳述部分用everything, something, nothing, anything時，反意部分代詞則采用單數(shù)，用it。 Somebody is waiting for you, aren they? Everything is all right

17、, isnt it? 24動名詞或動詞不定式作主語，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。 When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. 25用引號的詞語作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)第三人稱。 “I” is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet. 26在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中如被強調(diào)的是句子的主語，則who或that 后面的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)和主語一致。 It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class .第十二張，PPT共十四頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月27wish后接賓語從句用虛擬語氣，如表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞用were。 I wish I were ten years younger. 28police, cattle等集合名詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The murderer