高考英語寫作增分關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)詳解

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3、ub.topsa/forum-136-1.html 大家網(wǎng)論壇高中英語版收集整理，僅供學(xué)習(xí)交流使用！高考英語寫作增分關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)詳解善用句型語法和詞匯 很多考生在面對高考英語作文部分時往往覺得無從下手，只能機械地寫出幾個連自己都覺得太平淡的簡單句因此造成較多失分。其原因很明顯：首先，在聽說讀寫四項技能中，寫作無疑是難度最大的一項。其次，大家平時最容易忽視的，最缺乏練習(xí)的就是寫作。 然而，高考寫作是有規(guī)律可循的。通過恰當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，考生們完全可以在較短的時間內(nèi)取得較大的提高，這在新東方的課堂是屢見不鮮的。 高考作文采用總體評分方式，評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集中在四個方面： 1.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點； 2.應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)

4、構(gòu)和詞匯； 3.在使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級詞匯時允許有些許錯誤； 4.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 大部分考生在句型詞匯及句子連接方面達不到要求，導(dǎo)致低分。本文以2001年考題為例，談一談如何運用較復(fù)雜的句型語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 2001年考題： 假設(shè)你是李華,你的澳大利亞朋友Dick聽說中國的中小學(xué)正在減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負擔(dān), 來信詢問有關(guān)情況。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，寫一封回信，談一談減負給你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來的變化。 周末活動 （減負前） 周末活動：（減負后） 白天： 上課，做作業(yè) 白天： 餐館博物館，學(xué)習(xí)電腦，繪畫 晚上：做作業(yè) 晚上： 看新聞，讀書，看報 就寢時間： 11：30 就寢

5、時間： 10：00 注意： 1詞數(shù)為100左右 2開頭已為你寫好 3生詞： 減輕學(xué)習(xí)負擔(dān)reduce learning load Dear Dick， How nice to hear from you again. 當(dāng)年大部分考生只是對圖表進行了簡單的翻譯，導(dǎo)致文章異常單調(diào)、重復(fù)，分數(shù)很不理想。如何才能在簡單的內(nèi)容上運用較復(fù)雜的句型詞匯呢？考生在寫“減負前”的情況時只會簡單地寫: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:3

6、0. 這無異于簡單機械地翻譯中文！得分可想而知！ 其實考生完全可以使用學(xué)過的比較復(fù)雜的句型語法結(jié)構(gòu)。例如我們可以使用tooto句型：I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我們也可以使用定語從句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我們還可以使用倒裝句：Not unti

7、l 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我們甚至還可以使用擬人手法：Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework. 由此讀者可以看出：高分和低分的作文的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)

8、在語言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就應(yīng)該是有意識地，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂帽容^復(fù)雜的句型語法和詞匯。讀者應(yīng)先培養(yǎng)這種意識，然后進行大量練習(xí)。下面的練習(xí)重點訓(xùn)練的就是句型詞匯和有效連接，請讀者不要進行簡單的翻譯，而是通讀上下文，盡量多地使用復(fù)雜多樣的句型詞匯。 根據(jù)2001年考題填空。Dear Dick,How nice to hear from you again.1.過去_, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.2.連接詞_, nowadays, I have

9、more time做我想做的_.周末變得更加豐富多彩了_.3.白天_, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫_.使用擬人句_.4.In the evening,使用eitheror句型_.5.而且_, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.6.發(fā)揮一句I hope _. 參考答案：1過去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.2連接詞Fo

10、rtunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .周末更加豐富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .3白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫learn compute

11、r and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.使用擬人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.4.In the evening, 使用eitheror句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than

12、 beforeat ten oclock.6.發(fā)揮一句I hope things wont have to change in the future/ can become even better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now. （作者：方林廣州新東方中學(xué)部優(yōu)秀教師）2009高考英語作文備考學(xué)案. NMET書面表達第五項要求1. 覆蓋所有的語言要點。 內(nèi)容要點可用不同方式表達。對緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分。2. 應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)

13、量和準(zhǔn)確性。值得注意的是語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面雖有些許錯誤, 但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致; 具備較強的語言運用能力。3.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。. 常見的不足1 漢語式英語2 無過渡語3 句式單一,平鋪直敘. 如何增強書面表達效果使用較高級的詞匯使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用較豐富的句式一、怎樣使用較高級的詞匯1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.2. We all think he is a great man.3. Suddenly I thought out a good idea.4

14、. The students there neednt pay for their books.5. As a result the plan was a failure.6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.7. She went to Austria in order to study music. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms.10. You can

15、find my house easily. 二、怎樣使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞連接詞使文章語意通順，前后銜接緊密，可采用以下方法：提示1：恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如when，so，if，because，so that等。提示2：巧妙使用意思有聯(lián)系的詞或短語，如First, Second, Third, Soon, Whats more, As a result等。提示3：適當(dāng)使用過渡性語句，如The reasons are as follows./Every coin has two sides./On the other hand,/On the contrary,Besides, it would be b

16、etter for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. ( 2007全國I)First, she can make some pocket money to meet pet daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. Second, she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. Third, she can build up new friendship

17、s and improve bet social skills. (2007陜西)In my opinion, learning English is a step-by-step process. (2007浙江)連接詞、句型的選擇1、遞進關(guān)系 （肯定）Besides / Whats more / Also /In addition/Furthermore（否定）Whats worse / Even worse / Worse still /To make matters worse2、時間 一就：The moment / On doing / as soon as /immediately

18、 / directly不 久：It was not long before / After a while / Soon 然 后：After that / Then / So / Next同 時： At the same time / Meanwhile3、轉(zhuǎn) 折：however , / but / on the contrary / On the other hand / yet / although4、順 序：First / Second / Third / Last / Next/Then5、條 件：If / As long as / So long as /on condition t

19、hat / unless6、強 調(diào)：It was that / who / So she did . /I do hope / She did help me. /It really worked./ besides/ furthermore/moreover/whats more/ certainly/ actually/ in fact7、其 它：不得不做某事：have to do sth./have no choice but to do sth./have nothing to do but do sth.有必要做某事：There is no need (for sb.) to do

20、sth./It is necessary (for sb.)to do 最好 做某 事：Youd better do sth. / Its better to do sth.做某事沒困難：have no difficulty in doing sth. / have no trouble in doing sth.感 謝 某 人：thank sb. / be thankful to sb./ express ones thanks to sb. /be grateful to sb. / Thanks to 求 助 某 人：turn to sb. for help / ask sb. for

21、help / with the help of / with ones help驚 奇：To ones surprise / In surprise / Surprisingly / only +不定式（表意外結(jié)果）結(jié) 果：As a result / Therefore / Thus / So總 結(jié)：In a word / In short / Above all / After all/ generally speaking/ to sum up/ in all/altogether / as is known to all表 達 觀 點：In my opinion / I think /

22、I believe / Im sure / I guess原因如下（很多）：he reasons are as follows. /here are many reasons for it.浪費金錢（時間）：Its a waste of money / time Task: 請在下列句子中（間）填上恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞或意思有聯(lián)系的短語。Yao Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help.He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west .It wa

23、s not long the police came. he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl.o you agree with my arrangement ? ,do write to me soon.We can go downtown and do some shopping. , we can pay a visit to some places of interest.7、I shared the cost of the gas with my friends . , I saved

24、$80.8、Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. , it may make us fat.Task: Writing Practice 請你給中國日報寫一篇稿件，談?wù)勣r(nóng)村兒童失學(xué)的主要原因及你的看法。原因：1、家庭貧窮，供不起兒童上學(xué)，他們不得不在家賺錢養(yǎng)家。2、部分家長認為女孩上學(xué)無用，不愿讓她們上學(xué)。 3、 部分兒童對功課不感興趣，不愿上學(xué)?？捶ǎ?、 每個兒童包括女孩都應(yīng)有受教育的機會。2、全社會都應(yīng)重視兒童教育，他們對國家的未來將起到重要的作用。要求：1、不要逐字逐句翻譯。 2、語句要連貫通順。 3、字數(shù)100個左右。 Now in the count

25、ry areas, there are many children out of school. Most families are poor and cant afford their education. They have to stay at home and make money. Some parents think daughters neednt go to school. They dont let them go to school. Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldnt like to

26、go to school. All the children including girls should be educated. The whole society should pay attention to it. Theyll play an important part in the future of our country.診斷：?優(yōu)點 1、詞能達意；2、語句表達基本正確。缺點 語句不夠連貫藥方 1、使用常見句型；2、每兩個句子之間使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞或過渡詞。Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school

27、.。，most families are too poor to send their children to school . ,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. ,some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. ,they dont let them go to school. ,some children are not interested in their studies. ,some wouldnt like

28、 to go to school.,all the children including girls should be educated . ,the whole society should pay attention to it theyll play an important part in the future of our country one day.三、怎樣使用較豐富的句式方法一. 使用非謂語動詞使句子簡潔高檔Rewrite the sentences1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.2

29、. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard. 4 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）.Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非謂語動詞)聽到這個消息, 他們變的很激動。 _the news, they got excited.6. 盡管被告知許多遍, 他仍然重復(fù)這個錯。 _many times, he still rep

30、eated the mistake.7. 除非被邀請發(fā)言, 你應(yīng)該在會議上保持沉默。 Unless _to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.Translate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非謂語動詞)8. 面對困難時，他從不放棄。9. 引入市場后，該產(chǎn)品大獲成功。10. 做完作業(yè)后，他回家了。方法二. 巧用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)增強句子的表現(xiàn)力Complete the sentences1. He didnt realize his foolishness until he retu

31、rned home. Not until .2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live. Only .3. He is clever but he does not work hard. as / though .4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. On the other side of the street .Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒裝句)5. 他從不說關(guān)于他家庭的事

32、。6. 只有我們每個人都意識到水的重要性, 我們才能生活得更好。7. 只有用這種方式, 我們才能有足夠的精力好好學(xué)習(xí)。8. Describe the character（濟公） by using Inverted Sentence(倒裝句)9. 他是個孩子，卻知道很多。10. 墻上有個通知，上面寫著“請節(jié)約用水”。方法三. 嘗試多樣化表達方式1、感嘆句 e.g. 1) How happy I was when I received your letter.2） What a kind boy he is! 3）How disappointed he was !2、強調(diào)句 e.g. It was

33、 this young boy that helped the old granny. 3、倒裝句 e.g. 1) Only in this way can you solve this problem.2) There comes the police car.3) Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.4、省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus.5、with短語 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly

34、in the street with a handbag in her hand.6、定語從句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.7、各種名詞性從句 e.g. Thats what I should do.8、各種狀語從句 e.g. Use ifferent ways to describe the picture （連戰(zhàn)的破冰之旅）一就受到歡迎a. As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the

35、 airport, they were warmly welcomed.b. On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wifec. Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/ the moment they arrived at the airport.d. No sooner had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than they were e. Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife

36、arrived at the airport when they were Task: 按要求改寫下列句子,使其更具文采。1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (強調(diào)句型) 2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.（強調(diào)）3. Tom was puzzled.（感嘆）4. It is great fun to climb the hill.（感嘆）5. Tom and Mary like singing songs.（肯

37、定倒裝）6. John likes to study and play.（否定倒裝）7. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒裝句)8. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）9. Soon the firefighters came.（表時間句型）10. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast.All these make peoples lives convenient, pleasant

38、and colorful.a._which_b. With the development of _c. _so _ that_Translate the sentences:我校是一所市重點中學(xué)， 位于樂陵西郊。校園很美,綠樹成蔭。West of Leling lies our school, which is a key school of Dezhou city. It is beautiful, surrounded with many trees/with many trees.Task:書面表達：聯(lián)合國教科文組織某考察團正在我國某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察。假定你是接待人員，請根據(jù)下列提示以發(fā)言

39、稿的形式簡要介紹這個村的情況： 1)大?。航?00戶人家，約500口人。 2)變化：過去很窮，78年后變化很大。人們生活比以前好多了?，F(xiàn)已舊貌換新顏。 3)教育：原來的學(xué)校很小，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)過改建。新建的教學(xué)樓有4層，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有學(xué)齡兒童在此免費就讀。 注意：1）要點齊全，前后連貫。 2）詞數(shù)：100-120之間。Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be ve

40、ry poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small . Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age

41、children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank you.Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school! This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. P

42、eople here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school here was very small and most children couldnt afford to go to school. But now it has been rebuilt and the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the villag

43、e. All the school-age children can study here. Whats more, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you. 習(xí)作分析Task:書面表達(滿分25分)某中學(xué)生英語報社正開展一場題為“Young teachers or elderly teachers，which do you prefer?”請你依據(jù)下面表格所提供的要點寫一篇短文，向該報社投稿。注意：1詞數(shù)100左右，開頭語已為你

44、寫好，不計入總數(shù)；2短文必須包含表格的全部內(nèi)容。要求觀點明確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，緊湊連貫學(xué)生作品1： Compare with young teachers, I prefer elderly teachers. There are some reasons below. For one thing, most of elderly teachers are patient in teaching. They not only spare no effort to teach the students, but also give classes carefully .They will do all

45、 they can to make the students understand the teaching content. What good teachers! For another thing, elderly teachers are full of teaching experience. This is also the most important, especially for us senior students. This is only my opinion. I think young teachers are also good.點 評：亮 點：1、觀點鮮明，詞匯

46、句型的運用比較靈活2、過渡詞及連詞的使用使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊連貫、條理清楚。不足之處：1、個別地方的表達需要改進。1) Compared2) more3) try to make the classes lively and interesting2、審題不全面，忽略了對青年教師這部分信息的處理。這一點是比較大的失誤。學(xué)生作品2: Opinions are divided on this question. Some students who like the elderly teachers more than the young ones think thatthe elderly ones a

47、re more patient in teaching, more careful in explaining and also have a lot of experience. However, the others have a different opinion. They think the teachers who are young are full of energy. Besides, their teaching is lively and they dare to bring in the new ideas. Well, in my opinion, I like bo

48、th the elderly teachers and the young ones because from them we both can learn a lot.點 評：亮 點：1、段落清楚，要點齊全，句式表達比較靈活，能適當(dāng)運用復(fù)句。2、過渡詞運用也比較熟練。需要改進的地方：1) prefer the elderly teachers to the young ones2) with explanations3) the 去掉4) The young teachersSome useful suggestions:對于英語基礎(chǔ)不好的學(xué)生，可以這樣處理：把所給的材料分為幾個點，每個點用

49、1-2句簡單句表達出來；而對于英語較好的學(xué)生，盡可能地運用一些高級詞匯跟適當(dāng)?shù)剡\用一些復(fù)合句，關(guān)鍵是要表達準(zhǔn)確到位。 1. 重點詞匯的處理跟運用1）Elderly teachers have more patience. /They are more patient.2) Elderly teachers always explain things more carefully.They are more careful with explanations.3) Elderly teachers are rich in teaching experience. They are experie

50、nced in teaching. /They have more/rich teaching experience.4) Young teachers are full of energy. /They have more energy. /They are more energetic.5) Young teachers teaching is more lively. /They can make their classes lively and interesting.6) Young teachers like to think up/bring in new ideas.They

51、are more ready to accept or create new ideas.2. 句型的靈活運用1) Some students may think old teachers teaching is better. In their opinion, old teachers have more teaching experience and they are very patient. Also, they can explain things more carefully.Some students may like elderly teachers teaching bec

52、ause they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. 2) Many young teachers work very hard. So their teaching is becoming better and better. Most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and

53、 effectively.One possible version:Opinions are divided on this question. Some students may like elderly teachers teaching because they think elderly teachers have more teaching experience and that they tend to be patient and careful with explanations. However, I prefer to be taught by young teachers

54、. Firstly, we students have much in common with them. So they are our friends as well as our teachers. Secondly, they are more .energetic and enthusiastic. Usually they can make their classes lively and interesting. Besides, they are more ready to accept or create new ideas, including teaching. Thir

55、dly, most young teachers devote themselves to their work, making them teach creatively and effectively.In a word, I prefer young teachers to elderly teachers. 課堂小結(jié)1. 使用較高級的詞匯詞匯反映你知識貯存量的多少，也是衡量英語水平的一個重要標(biāo)志。2. 使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞使用恰當(dāng)連接詞，對寫一篇有“英語味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。3. 使用較豐富的句式運用得當(dāng)?shù)木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以給文章增色不少，從而使整篇文章因此而生輝 。固定

56、搭配 (一)名詞的固定搭配介詞+名詞形式第一組by accident 偶然 on account of 因為，由于in addition 另外 in addition to 除之外(包括)in the air 在 HYPERLINK /jjxy/xy02.shtml t _blank 流行中，在傳播中on (the/an) average 平均，一般來說on the basis of 根據(jù)，在的基礎(chǔ)上at (the) best 充其量，至多for the better 好轉(zhuǎn)，改善on board 在船(車、飛機)上out of breath 喘不過氣來on business 因公，因事in a

57、ny case 無論如何，總之in case of 假使，萬一in case 假如，以防(萬一)，免得in no case 決不第二組by chance 偶然，碰巧in charge (of) 負責(zé)，主管(a) round the clock 晝夜不停地in common 共用，共有，共同in conclusion 最后，總之on condition that 在條件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to關(guān)于in consequence 因此，結(jié)果in consequence of 由于的緣故on the contrary 反之，正相反in contras

58、t with/to 與成對照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代價at the cost of 以為代價第三組in the course of 在過程中，在期間of course 當(dāng)然，自然，無疑in danger 在危險中，垂危out of danger 脫離危險out of date 過期(時)的up to date 時新的in debt 欠債in detail 詳細地in difficulties 處境困難in the distance 在遠處off duty 下班on duty 值班，上班on earth 究竟，

59、到底at all events 無論如何in any event 無論如何in effect 有效；實際上第四組in the event of 萬一，如果發(fā)生for example 例如with the exception of除之外in the face of 面對，不顧，即使in fact 其實，實際上on fire 燒著on foot 步行in force 有效；實施中in favo(u)r of 有利于，贊成，支持in front of 在面前in (the) future 今后，將來on guard 警惕，防范in general 通常，大體上in half 成兩半at hand 在

60、手邊，在附近from tip to toe 徹頭徹尾，完全by hand 用手hand down to 往下傳，傳給(后代)第五組hand in hand 手拉手，攜手in hand 在掌握中，在控制中on hand 在手邊，臨近on (the) one hand. 一方面，on the other hand.另一方面at heart 在內(nèi)心；實質(zhì)上by heart 牢記，憑記憶at home 在家，在國內(nèi)；自在，自如in honor of 以紀(jì)念，向表示敬意on ones honor 以名譽擔(dān)保in a hurry 匆忙地，立即for instance 例如，舉例說at intervals