高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人教版知識(shí)精講

1、高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞人教版【本講教育信息】一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語(yǔ)法知識(shí)一一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)初步掌握非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及用法三.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)掌握非謂語(yǔ)所能夠充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞郑ㄒ唬┓侵^語(yǔ)的分類以及各自在句子中所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?to have bee非謂語(yǔ)分為不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。（動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式相 同）以下表格表示的是它們各自所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?類 別、 成分、主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式VVVVVV動(dòng)名詞VVVV現(xiàn)在分詞VVVV過(guò)去分詞VVVV1. 不定式(to do , to be doing , to have done , to be done , to be being

2、 done done)（ 1）不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ)。如：To be spoken highly of is his aim.To go there in time is his most important task now.It is his most important task to go there in time.It is a great joy to play football.When to start is the question.（2）不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ)。（以“to do”做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：ask, want, wish ， hope， expect ， help ，

3、 refuse ， learn ， demand， dare ， choose， arrange ， decide ， agree ， promise ， plan ， offer ， manage， pretend ， prepare ， fail ， determine ， long , seem等）如：They pretended to have finished their work.He had planned to finish it in time.They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.We find it

4、 good to have a walk every day.They don t now where to go.（ 3）不定式在句子中做表語(yǔ)。如：His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.His aim is to get the first place in the game.The question is which one to choose.（ 4）不定式在句子中做狀語(yǔ)。如：He got there on time jus

5、t to see that film.We told him the truth to make him at ease.He got up early in order to catch the early train.He got home only to find that his home was broken into.（ 5）不定式在句子中做定語(yǔ)。如：That is the room for us to live in. I have a lot of homework to do. Can you get me something to eat? They can t choos

6、e t he right person to leave. The man to be sent there is a doctor.The man to go there is my brother.He has a chance to go abroad.He is always the first / last（one） to get to school.He is the best （ one） to finish the work.（ 6）在句子中做賓補(bǔ)及詞組中的不定式。 （以“ to do ”做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有： ask ， want ， tell , get, order , b

7、eg, advise , warn, hate, like , encourage 等;以 “do” 作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞主 要有：see, watch, notice , hear, feel , let , make, have 等），有些形容詞詞組后面也要 接不定式這樣的形容詞主要有： surprised ， excited ， pleased ， interested ， worried ， angry ， proud ， sorry ， satisfied ， afraid ， ready ， able ； kind ， easy ， right ， wrong， important ， n

8、ecessary ， good， clever ， wise 等。如：They encouraged us to go ahead.He has got somebody to get his book back.We saw him go downstairs and leave the house.His mother made him do his homework until 10 o clock.He is pleased to have seen you here.I m glad to be talking to you like this. It is clever of hi

9、m to do so.It is lucky for him to be invited to this meeting.2. 動(dòng)名詞：1）動(dòng)名詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)。（與不定式比較）如：To be a good teacher is his dream.Being delayed by the bad traffic is his usual excuse for his being late.To go there in time is his most important task now.Looking after the babies is the everyday job she mus

10、t do.To do our homework carefully is very useful for us.It s very useful for us to do our homework carefully.Doing our homework carefully is very useful for us.It is no use working hard now.2） 動(dòng)名詞在句子中做賓語(yǔ)。 （以“doing ” 做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有： mind ， enjoy ，finish ，suggest ， avoid ，consider ， fancy ，imagine ， escape

11、， risk ，miss ， prevent ， deny， admit ，delay ， give up ，put off ， leave offset about ， feel likeinsist on ， stick to ， keep on ，keep， depend onthink about/of ，succeed in ， can t helpcan t stand ， be/get used to ，devote oneself tolook forward topay attention to ， object to 等）如：Do you mind my opening t

12、he window?He kept on running after tripping over himself.You can never depend on her coming on time.They are thinking about/of making Tom say sorry to the teacher.The car needs to be repaired.The car needs repairing.They like to go with us today.They like swimming after supper.They can t help crying

13、 while watching this sad film.I ve got used to doing my homework while list ening to music.They look forward to seeing you.I forgot locking the door, and I went back to check it.（ 3）動(dòng)名詞在句子中做表語(yǔ)。如：His job is feeding animals.His job is to feed animals.The only thing he does every day is reading newspap

14、er.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.（ 4）動(dòng)名詞在句子中做定語(yǔ)。如：Can you tell me where the reading room is?Which is the sleeping car of this train?Can you tell me where the washing room is?注意： 有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以接不定式又可以接動(dòng)名詞，而且這些動(dòng)詞又分為兩類：接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意義基本不變的有： like ， love ， hate ， begin ， start ， continue ， at

15、tempt afford ， prefer ， propose ， intend ， neglect ， can t bear 等。如：He began doing / to do his homework.He continued doing / to do his homework.I can t afford going / to go there.He intended agreeing / to agree to this plan.He just neglected doing / to do this job.They can t bear hearing / to hear t

16、his at all.接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意義有變化的有： try ， remember， forget ， regret ， mean， stop ，go on 等。如：（設(shè)法做）He tried to find the nearest police station.（試試做）This dress is not so suitable for you. Why not try putting another on?Remember to call me.（記著去做）He remembered seeing me before.（記得做過(guò)）He forgot to lock the door.（忘

17、記去做）He forgot locking the door.（忘記做過(guò)）I regret to tell you a piece of bad new.（抱歉要做）I regret saying this to you.（抱歉做過(guò)）He meant to came here.（打算做）Missing the train means staying here for another 2 days.（意味著）He stopped talking.（停止做）He stopped to talk to me. （停下來(lái)做）He went on doing his homework after a r

18、est. （繼續(xù)做同一事）He went on to watch TV after finishing his homework. （繼續(xù)做下一事）后接動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，形容詞： need， want， require ， deserve ， be worthThe car needs/wants/requires repairing.This book deserves/is worth reading.【典型例題】 例 1 We all think it useful English.learningB. being learntC. to learn D. to be lea

19、rnt（答案為C,不定式做賓語(yǔ)，用形式主語(yǔ)it來(lái)代） 例 2 What a great surprise it is her here!A. seeing B. to see C. see D. that see（答案為B,不定式做主語(yǔ)，用形式主語(yǔ)it來(lái)代） 例 3 He tried his best to get to the train station only that thetrain had left.A. findto find C. finding D. to be found（答案為B,不定式做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） 例 4 They have a good of the Chinese

20、culture （文化）A. understandB. understandingto understandD. to be understood（答案為B,名詞understanding，做“了解，理解講） 例 5 They have devoted themselves to .D. teacheswork.D. LookedA. teachB. teaching C. taught（答案為B,動(dòng)名詞當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)） 例 6 after the animals is his dailyA. LookB. To look C. Looking（答案為C,抽象的日常的用動(dòng)名詞） 例 7 The bui

21、lding here now is a hospital.A. to buildB. to be built C. building D. being built（答案為D,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)） 例 8 It s no good often others for help.A. asking B. ask C. to ask D. asked答案為A， It s no doing 句式） 例 9 What has made you so sad?A. Lost B. Losing C. Because I have lost D. Since I lost （答案為B,上旬中提問(wèn)一個(gè)名詞性質(zhì)的詞）

22、 例 10 He is beginning his mistakes.A. seeing B. to see C. saw D. seen（ 答案為 B， begin/start 后面動(dòng)名詞與不定式都可以，且意義區(qū)別不大，但如果它們以進(jìn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)后面則必須用不定式避免重復(fù)） 例 11 is to believe.A. Seeing B. To see C. Saw D. Seen（答案為B,此種句式要求前后對(duì)稱）例 12 He objects to the new building.A. build B. be built C. building D. being built（答案為C, obj

23、ect to doing反對(duì)做）【模擬試題】一.用不定式完成下列各句：The doctor told . （李蕾好好休息）Did you notice ? （有人離開(kāi)房間嗎？）I saw Tom （走進(jìn)了 書店）I heard （有人敲門）You must get （他今晚到這兒來(lái)一趟）It s important （學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)發(fā)音）I hope （很快接到你的來(lái)信）Be careful . （別感冒）I like in summer.（去釣魚）I want （成為一名教師）This book is . （不容易懂）He was too excited . （說(shuō)不出話來(lái)）You d better

24、 speak clearly （我們能聽(tīng)得更清楚一些）He was pleased （看見(jiàn)她身體這樣好）Han Meimei spent all her money . （為了穿得漂亮）Hello , Mr Black , I have something important . （要告訴你）I want you . （告訴我那個(gè)消息）Can you tell me . （如何去那書店）Do you know （怎么寫這個(gè)句子）He asked me （下一步該做什么）用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:I shall never forget (meet) him on the first day at

25、college.Do you enjoy (visit ) friends?I really don t know what (say).He is clever at (learn ) languages.I expect you (com* at six.I,m looking forward to (come back home.The students were told (not go ) out of the school.They got used to (live ) with him.She is afraid of (be praised ).Wecan help you

26、(get) in the cro ps, and you d better (have) a rest.The two old friends continued (talk ) with each other.I am sure the professor has agreed (meet) me.He seems (have finished ) his job.I allowed her (go) home.The book seems easy (read).I can t help (think ) of (com* here again.It s easy (say) but di

27、fficult (do).The book is worth (read).I used (go) to school late.It s a pleasure (meet) the new teachers and (hear) them (introduce ) themselves.He blamed (指責(zé))me for (not be ) here on time.Your (see) him again must be a surprise to you.It s a waste of time (try ) to do this job.I object to (have) th

28、e meeting here.I am sorry for (disturb ) you.三.選擇填空：The boy promised （許諾） him more help .A. give B. to give C. that he give D. that he giveThe teacher agreed lessons to his students .giveA. give B. that he give C. to give D. that he willAll the students learned up words in a dictionary .A. look how

29、B. how to look C. how look D. to how lookNobody knew a living in that country .A. to go B. to makeC. how to go D. how to make5. The patient refused（拒絕） _any medicine .A. have B. to haveC. how to have D. to how have6. The teacher explained（解釋）to them the piano .A. that they playedB. how they play C.

30、to play D.how to playI wantyou to the Summer Palace . W川 you go ?A. that I take B. that I will take C. to take D. how to takeThe baby started . Tryit quieL_cry ;A. cry ; keep B. to cry ; to keep C. to cry ; keep D. to keepHe hopes better, but never works hard .A. how to study B. to how study C. to s

31、tudy how D. to studyDo you understand the car ?A. how to drive B. to how drive C. to drive D. that you driveDid you notice the little boy away ?A. took the apple and run B. take the apple and runC. taking the apple and run D. who taking the apple and runI never heard him soA. say B. to say C. saying

32、 D. having saidDo you often see her for him at the bus stop ?A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. being waitedThe teacher made her students text twice a day .A. recite the B. reciting the C. to recite the D. recited theShe was seen paper planes in the room .A. made B. to make C. makes D. makingThe docto

33、r advised Lao Li more rest.A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. getTell Mary to them .A. not point B. not to point C. to not point D. point notWe sometimes heard songs in English .A. that he sing B.that he singsC. him to sing D. him singI won t have him at his mother .A. shout B. to shout C. sho

34、uting D. to have shouted 20. He made us on the tree .A. go To water B. to go to water C. go watering D. to go waterMother often tells me some washing .A. help her do B. to help her do C. help her to make D. to help her to makeWe have no money and no place .A. to live in B. to live C. living in D. li

35、vingI have a few words to you .A. say B. to say C. speak D. to speakThere is no chair for me . A. to sit at B. sit with C. to sit D. to sit onDo you have anything for yourself ?A. tell B. say C. to tell D. to sayHere is the pen I want . A. to write with B. to write C. writing D. to writingHe has som

36、ething about with them .A. to talk B. talk C. to tell D. tellHe is always the first and the last . A. coming , leavingB. to come , to leaveC. comes , leavesD. come , leaveWe have no time a rest.A. to make B. make C. taking D. to haveWe have a lot of things . A. we learn B. we study C. to learn D. to

37、 studyI have three more letterstodaysA. I write B. to write C. to write to D. writingThey didn t have much time A. to think it over B. to think over itC. could think it over D. could think over itThere are quite many books . A. to read B. read C. reading D. to be readI don t feel some cooking .A. en

38、ough well to do B. well enough to doC. enough well and do D. well enough and doTom is waiting the doctor.A. to see B. for to see C. for seeing D. for seeThe students used bikes water for Granny Wang .A. to carry B. carry C. carrying D. carriedHis speech in English was difficult . A. in following B.

39、for being followed C. to follow D. to be followed byThe water is good .A. to drink it B. to be drunk C. to drink D. at drinking 39. Do you think him easy ?A. to get along with B. to get alongC. to be got along with D. to be got alongThe man run out what was wrong with his horse .A. to see B. seeing

40、C. see D. for seeingThis book is difficult .A. to be read B. to read C. read D. for readingRemember _the book in time when you have finished it . A. to return ; readingB. returning ; readingC. returning ; to readD. to return ; to readYou d better the window now .A. not open B. to not open C. not to

41、open D. not opening 44. This is the room . A. for me to live B. for meliving C. my living in D. for me to live in四.選擇：She doesn t feel like there with you.A. go B. going C. to go D. wentPlease remember your newspaper here.A. take B. to take C. taking D. takenIs this your stick?A. walk B. walked C. w

42、alking D. to walkThe man left the room without by anybody.A. seeing B. seen C. be seen D. being seenHe kept up every day.A. run B. to run C. running D. ranThe driver looked sadly at the broken car, how muchit would costto repair it.A. wonder B. wondered C. wonders D. wonderingThe students are waitin

43、g for the problems （解決） .A. solved B. solve C. to solve D. to be solvedHe suggested him to hospital at once.A. take B. to take C. taking D. tookThey are thinking about off the meeting.A. put, hold B. putting, holding C. putting, hold D. put, holdingThey forgot me a book already, and gave me a second

44、 one.A. give B. gave C. to give D. givingThey can t stand like this.A. be talked to B. to be talked toC. being talked to D. talking toDo you think it necessary this work every day?A. do B. doing C. to do D. doneThe boy is always the best one the job.A. to finish B. finish C. finishing D. finishedHe is always the first and the last one .A. to come, to leave B. coming, leavingC. come, leave D. come, leftThe first thing he is going to do today is .A. feed the animals B. feeding the animalsC. to feed the animals D. fed the animals.with him is a