Unit1Typesofconstructionproject(工程管理專業(yè)英語)課件

1、工程管理專業(yè)英語English for Construction Project Management第1頁，共20頁。普通英語 (common English, ordinary English)科技英語（English for science and technology）專業(yè)英語（ English for special science and technology ）ExordiumWhat is the professional English？第2頁，共20頁。Features of Specialized English1. Vocabulary Features詞匯分類:專業(yè)或

2、技術(shù)詞匯，次技術(shù)詞匯，非技術(shù)詞匯 專業(yè)或技術(shù)詞匯:某個專業(yè)所特有的詞匯，其專業(yè)性強，詞義狹窄和單一。 次技術(shù)詞匯:很多專業(yè)和學(xué)科所共有的詞匯，不同專業(yè)和學(xué)科往往具有不同詞義。 非技術(shù)詞匯：在普通英語或非專業(yè)英語中使用較少，但實際卻屬于非專業(yè)英語的詞匯。 For example: make good use of utilize change convertExordium第3頁，共20頁。2. Sentence Structures (1)為表達客觀態(tài)度，常用 it 作為形式主語。(2)常使用被動語態(tài)。(客觀性)(3)使用不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。(4)長句雖多，但句型簡單。(5)省

3、略句較多。Exordium第4頁，共20頁。3. Rhetoric Features（1） 廣泛使用一般現(xiàn)在時。（2） 較多地使用圖、表和公式。（3） 邏輯語法使用多。Exordium第5頁，共20頁。4. Wording Feature措辭準確、簡潔、清楚客觀性（Objective） 準確性（Accuracy）精練性（Conciseness）Exordium第6頁，共20頁。ContentsConstruction intersects almost all fields of human endeavor, and this diversity is reflected in its pr

4、ojects. What follows are four accepted major types of construction. Residential Housing Construction. Office and Commercial Building Construction. Heavy Engineering Construction. Industrial Construction.第7頁，共20頁。Vocabularyintersect vi 相交、交叉、橫斷 take shape 成形，形成，具體化，體現(xiàn)refinery 精煉廠，煉制廠high-rise n 高樓，大廈

5、；a 高層的in large measure 在很大程度上，大部分condominium n 共管，共有房產(chǎn)town house （居住在鄉(xiāng)間者的）市內(nèi)住宅field-labor-intensive 現(xiàn)場勞動力密集型的第8頁，共20頁。skyscraper n 摩天大樓sophistication n 老于世故,老練;復(fù)雜oligopoly n 壟斷，求過于供（的市場情況） procurement n 獲得,取得pipeline n 管道,管線 hoist n 升起，提升間procurement n 獲得,取得speculative a 推測的，純理論的，投機的 spanning San Fr

6、anciscos Golden Gate橫跨舊金山的金門大橋 第9頁，共20頁。civil works 土木工程onsite hand fabrication and installation現(xiàn)場手工的建造與安裝factory mass production工廠大批量生產(chǎn)specialty architects and engineers專業(yè)建筑師和工程師Office and Commercial Building Construction辦公與商業(yè)建筑 large shopping centers 大型購物中心 general contractors 總承包商Earthmover 重型推土機

7、turnkey” contractual arrangement 交鑰匙合同方式第10頁，共20頁。while governments and corporations express their “images” with structures that house their offices and production facilities. 而政府與企業(yè)則以容納其辦公或生產(chǎn)的建筑物來體現(xiàn)他們的形象。其中的house 在此作動詞，為“容納”，為提供建筑空間”的意思。Key Structuresthat第11頁，共20頁。What follows, nevertheless, are fo

8、ur somewhat arbitrary but generally accepted major types of construction. In large measure, these categories parallel the general specialties into which designers and constructors tend to group themselves. 不過，以下就是劃分的四種主要的建筑類型，如此的劃分帶有一定程度的武斷性，但通常被人們加以接受。如此分類在很大程度上與設(shè)計者和建造者們通常使用的分類是一致的。句中的parallel 在此為“

9、相似”，“類似”等的意思。第12頁，共20頁。There are a few very large firms, but as a rule the low capital and technology requirements in this sector of the industry mean that it is characterized by large numbers of very small firms. 住宅建筑領(lǐng)域有不少大型企業(yè)，但由于該行業(yè)對于資本和技術(shù)的要求一般較低，所以占主導(dǎo)地位的還是大量的小型企業(yè)。句中的as a rule 為“通常”，“一般”等的意思第13頁，共

10、20頁。 Though labor-and-materials-intensive like residential construction, the scope and technology of these buildings are generally much larger and more complex. 雖然它們和住宅類建設(shè)一樣，也是勞動力與材料密集型，但此類項目范圍更廣，所包含的技術(shù)更復(fù)雜。句中的labor-and-materials-intensive 為“勞動力與材料密集型”的意思。much larger 與 more complex 分別對應(yīng)其前的the scope 與

11、technology.第14頁，共20頁。and typically all phase of the project are handled by the same firm on a negotiated design-construct or “turnkey” contractual arrangement, with considerable overlap between design, procurement, and construction.此外，（工業(yè)建筑）項目各階段的工作一般依據(jù)設(shè)計建造或交鑰匙合同由同一家企業(yè)來承擔(dān)，因而其設(shè)計、采購與施工等各階段工作之間存在相當(dāng)大的工作

12、聯(lián)系?！皌urnkey” contractual arrangement，交鑰匙合同方式，即工程項目建設(shè)的全過程，包括設(shè)計、采購、施工、運行試驗等都由同一家企業(yè)承包，最后它將一個隨時可以使用的工程交給合同另一方的方式。第15頁，共20頁。Comprehension Exercises1. Why is it difficult to categorize the construction projects neatly?The types of Construction Project is diverse, It is difficult, if not impossible, to cat

13、egorize neatly so great a spectrum of projects. The exceptions, the ones that transcend the boundaries, often seem to outnumber those that are clearly recognizable.第16頁，共20頁。2. Why is residential construction industry dominated by large numbers of very small firms?The low capital and technology requ

14、irements in this sector of the industry mean that it is characterized by large numbers of very small firms.第17頁，共20頁。3. Give some examples of project types that office and commercial building construction may encompass.Such as schools and universities, medical clinics and hospitals, recreational fac

15、ilities and sports stadiums, retail chain stores and large shopping centers, warehouses and light manufacturing plants, and skyscrapers for offices and hotels.第18頁，共20頁。4. What are the major distinctions of heavy construction compared to office and commercial building and residential housing constru

16、ction? Construction contractors here usually require much greater expertise in engineering and geology than to those in office and commercial building and residential housing construction.第19頁，共20頁。5. What are the major distinctions of industrial construction in contrast with the basic materials characteristic of heavy engineering construction?In contrast with the basic materials characteristic of heavy engineering construction the major factors in industrial construction gen