高三英語二輪專題復習課件：專題一 第八節(jié) 定語從句和名詞性從句

1、第八節(jié)定語從句和名詞性從句本節(jié)目錄考點串講重難突破模擬演練能力提升考點串講重難突破考點一關系代詞引導的定語從句要點濃縮1whose用來指人或物，在定語從句中只作定語。Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.父母在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村莊里被照顧得非常好.(2011高考四川卷)The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.這家學校

2、商店大部分顧客是學生,因放假而暫停營業(yè)了.2who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。(2012高考浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,who，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.埃倫是一個畫鳥類和自然的畫家，出于某種原因，他已退出了所有的社會活動。3which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。(2011高考上海卷)Youll find taxis waiting at the

3、bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.在公共汽車站你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有出租車在那里等，你可以租(一輛)去主人家里。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒絕因別人的過錯而承擔責任。【溫馨提示】先行詞既有人又有物時，關系代詞用that;which代指前面整個句子內(nèi)容。They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the s

4、chool.關于他們記得的上學時的人和事，他們討論了一個小時.(2012高考陜西卷)It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.她第三次贏得比賽，這讓我們很吃驚。經(jīng)典品味1(2012高考江蘇卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwhoCwhere Dwhat解析：選B。考查非限制性

5、定語從句。解答本題的關鍵是找準先行詞?？拷ㄕZ從句的是in that area，考生易錯選C,但定語從句缺少的是主語，關系副詞不能作主語，可排除.what不能引導定語從句。根據(jù)定語從句的urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive可知,需要干凈的水、藥品和避難所的是人(people)，而不是that area或flooding,所以先行詞為人，A項也可排除，故選B。2(2012高考天津卷)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have g

6、ot this far.Awho BwhoseCwhom Dwhich解析：選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：我想要感謝史密斯教授,沒有他的幫助我就不會走得這么遠.whose在定語從句中作關系代詞，表示“的”，句中先行詞為Professor Smith.whose help在句意上相當于“Professor Smiths help”，whose是關系代詞，引導定語從句?？忌菀渍`選C，因為只看到了without whom語意上相當于without Professor Smith，而忽略了題干中的help.若選C項的話,可去掉題干中的help.牢記定語從句各種引導詞的用法并準確分析句子結(jié)構是解題關鍵.3

7、(2012高考大綱全國卷)That evening，_ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhen解析：選B?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句的引導詞。句意：那天晚上我一直工作到很晚，我過后會告訴你關于那晚更詳細的情況.本題中兩個逗號之間的部分是一個非限制性定語從句,關系代詞which代替先行詞that evening。A項that不能引導非限制性定語從句；C項what不能引導定語從句；D項when在從句中作狀語，不能作賓語。4(2012北京海淀二模)Reading books，

8、_ takes the reader to other worlds，is a wonderful way to enjoy life.Athat BwhatCas Dwhich解析：選D。考查非限制性定語從句。句意：讀書是一種享受生活的好方法，它把讀者帶到其他的世界中。先行詞是reading books，代入定語從句后為：Reading books takes the reader to other worlds.先行詞在定語從句中作主語，且該從句為非限制性定語從句，故用which引導?？键c二關系副詞引導的定語從句要點濃縮1關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，when指時間，where指地點，why

9、指原因，在定語從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。(2011高考天津卷)The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.體力是謀生的唯一所需的時代一去不復返了。(2011高考陜西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友們一起登上山頂,從山頂上我們欣賞了湖光美景.The reason why I dont trust him

10、 is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。2先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時，如果在從句中不作狀語,則不能用when或where引導定語從句，而要用which/that。Is this the reason (that/which) he gave us for the delay of the project?這是他給出工程推遲的原因嗎？經(jīng)典品味1(2012高考浙江卷)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.Awhy Bw

11、henCto whom Don which解析：選B。考查定語從句。句意:在我們生活的這個時代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何時候都更加容易獲得。該句為主從復合句，an age為先行詞，空格處引導定語從句并在從句中作時間狀語，故用when。2(2012北京西城期末)The Great Wall is the place _almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.Awhy BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析：選B。分析句子結(jié)構可知，“_ almost all tourists would like to

12、 visit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞the place，關系代詞在從句中充當visit的賓語。3(2012福建四地六校第一次聯(lián)考)Where did you first meet your boyfriend?It was in the department store _ he worked.Awhich BthatCwhere Dwhat解析：選C.句意:你在哪里第一次見到你的男朋友的?在他工作的百貨大樓。此處用where來引導定語從句,它在從句中作地點狀語。答語是一個省略的強調(diào)句型，根據(jù)問句，完整的回答應該是：“It was in the department store where h

13、e worked that I first met my boyfriend.”此題容易誤選that。4(2012高考江西卷)By 1630，_ was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.Awhich BwhenCwhat Dthat解析：選A?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。句意：到了1630,差不多是關門的時間了，幾乎所有的畫都賣完了。定語從句缺少主語，使用關系代詞which引導。when是關系副詞；what不能引導定語從句；that不能引導非限制性定語從句?？键c三先行詞為point，case，situation，a

14、ctivity，stage等抽象名詞構成的定語從句要點濃縮point，situation，case，activity等，從表面上看它們不是表地點的，但卻表示類似地點的意義，因此它們作先行詞時,如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個引導詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關系代詞that/which。Shes in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.她處于無望的處境中,在這種情況下我們將密切注意她。I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed t

15、o make decisions of my own.我已經(jīng)到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作賓語)現(xiàn)在只有一點我希望你弄清楚。經(jīng)典品味1(2012河北普通高考模擬)How about your job hunting?No luck，Now，Ive reached the stage _I dont care what I do.AwhichBwhereCwhen Dthat解析：選B。分析句子結(jié)構可知，“_ I dont care w

16、hat I do”是定語從句，修飾先行詞the stage，從句中缺少地點狀語，所以用where或at which，故選B項。2(2012山西四校聯(lián)考)In the UK，what impressed me most was the student activity，_I got lots of information.Awhen BthatCwhich Dwhere解析：選D。本句的后半部分是非限制性定語從句，用來修飾先行詞the student activity，where在從句中作狀語，表示抽象的地點。3(2012高考重慶卷)Sales director is a position_co

17、mmunication ability is just as important as sales skills.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：導購員是一個溝通能力和銷售能力同樣重要的職位。分析題干可知a position后是一個定語從句，而該從句的引導詞在從句中作地點狀語，即in whichin the positionwhere，故選D。在定語從句中,當position，point，case，stage，situation等表示抽象地點的名詞充當先行詞時，若定語從句中缺少狀語，則用where來引導定語從句。4(2012云南檢測)Do you

18、 have anything to say for yourselves?Yes，theres one point_we must insist on.Awhy BwhereChow D不填解析：選D。one point作介詞on的賓語，因此應選用關系代詞或者省略?？键c四“介詞關系代詞”引導的定語從句要點濃縮1與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。2與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。Patience，with

19、out which you cant do the work well，is a kind of quality.耐心是一種品質(zhì)。沒有了耐心，你不能做好工作。3ofwhich/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。(2011高考江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which h

20、ad taken more than three years.她帶著游客參觀這座博物館花了三年多才建成的建筑.品味經(jīng)典1(2012高考四川卷)In our class there are 46 students，_ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin themCof whom Dof them解析：選C。考查非限制性定語從句。句意：在我們班上有46個學生，其中有一半的學生戴眼鏡。做此題可用排除法.因空格前有逗號，而無連接詞，再分析句子結(jié)構可以判斷,這是個非限制性定語從句，故首先排除B、D兩項。再根據(jù)句意可知，此處指其中的一半，表所屬關系應該用of。2(2012高考山東

21、卷)Maria has written two novels，both of _ have been made into television series.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：選C。考查定語從句.句意：瑪麗婭已寫了兩部小說,它們都已被拍成了電視劇。分析題干結(jié)構可以看出:Maria has written two novels是一個完整的含“主謂賓”的句子.如果后半句也是個完整的句子的話，那么題干中的兩個分句中間缺少連接詞and，故A項不正確。由此不難看出空格處應用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句，which代替先行詞two novels。that作關系代

22、詞不能放于介詞之后；what不能引導定語從句。分清句子結(jié)構是解答本題的關鍵。3(2012合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.Athat BwhichCwith which Dto which解析：選D。句意：一則好廣告經(jīng)常使用那些人們賦予積極含義的話語。attach.to.“把附到上”,“_ people attach positive meanings”是定語從句，修飾先行詞words。4(2012河南洛陽統(tǒng)考)The old lady，all of _ childre

23、n had been killed in the earthquake，was given help by the local government.Aher BwhomCwhose Dwhich解析：選C。句意：那位所有的孩子都在地震中喪生的老太太得到了當?shù)卣膸椭?。本句中的all of _ children had been killed in the earthquake是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The old lady，whose在從句中作定語?？键c五主語從句要點濃縮主語從句在復合句中作主句的主語，引導主語從句的詞有that，whether，who，what，which，whoe

24、ver，whatever,whichever，when，where，why，how等。(2012高考新課標全國卷)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.總統(tǒng)能做什么來結(jié)束罷工，這點完全不清楚。(2011高考重慶卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.老車站是否要被一個現(xiàn)代化賓館所取代這一問題仍在討論中.What was most

25、important to her，she told me，was her family.(主語從句；what作主語)她告訴我，對她來說最重要的是她的家庭。That Putin visited China led to the closer relationship between the two countries.(that不作任何成份)普京訪問中國讓兩國之間的關系更加密切。經(jīng)典品味1(2012高考天津卷)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.Awhether

26、BhowCif D when解析：選A.考查名詞性從句的引導詞.句意為“在這個十字路口你向左或右轉(zhuǎn)彎都沒有關系,因為兩條路都通向公園”.題干中it作形式主語，所以所選的連詞在句中引導主語從句.whether引導名詞性從句表示“是否”之意,而且題干中出現(xiàn)了關鍵信息詞or.whether.or.表示“是還是”.if引導名詞性從句也表示“是否”，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等只能用whether而不能用if。2(2012高考江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.Awhether BwhereC

27、which Dthat解析：選D?？疾楣潭ň涫?。It occurred to sb.that.表示“某人想到”.句意:他突然想到把鑰匙落在辦公室里了.it是形式主語，主語從句成分完整，不能用連接代詞which引導；whether與where不符合句意。3(2012浙江調(diào)研測試)_ is surprising is that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto.AIt BThatCSuch DWhat解析：選D。句意：令人吃驚的是,在多倫多有這么多中國飯店。What is surprising是主語從句,what在從句中作主語.4(2

28、012南京一模)What has made him look like lacking sleep?_ his wife is ill and he has to get up several times a night to attend to her.AFor BBecauseCThat DWhat解析：選C。根據(jù)句意可知，從空格到最后都是回答上面句子中的主語What的，故此句是一個主語從句，缺少連詞,而連詞在從句中不充當成分，故用that。補充完整應為“That his wife is ill and he has to get up several times a night to a

29、ttend to her has made him look like lacking sleep.”?？键c六表語從句要點濃縮引導表語從句的詞有that，whether，who，what，which,whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why,how，because等。(2011高考山東卷)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.恐怕他善言而不善做，那就是他一事無成之根源。(2011高考陜西卷)Id like to start m

30、y own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.我想創(chuàng)辦一家屬于我自己的企業(yè)，假如有錢的話，那就是我要干的事情。I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats where I dont agree.You should have a more active life.在周日我喜歡把自己關在家里一整天聽音樂。那就是我不贊同的地方，你應該擁有更積極性的生活.As is known to us，China is no longer what sh

31、e used to be.眾所周知，中國再也不是從前的中國了。經(jīng)典品味1(2012山東濰坊一模)The strange thing about Nicholas is _ he taught himself to read before he could speak.Awhat BthatCwhether Dif解析：選B。分析句子結(jié)構可知，空格后面的分句是一個表語從句，由于從句不缺少主語或者賓語,因此不能填what,結(jié)合句意選that。2(2012浙江六校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)The brave national spirits showed in the film The Flowers of

32、War are _ deeply moved the audience.Awhich BthatCwhat Dwho解析：選C。句意：電影金陵十三釵中展示的勇敢的民族精神是使觀眾深受感動的東西。what在句中既引導表語從句，又在表語從句中作主語。3(2012北京海淀二模)One of the glorious moments in my school life was _ I was awarded the Mayors Award.Awhy BhowCthat Dwhen解析：選D?？疾楸碚Z從句。句意：在我的學生時代，令我感到榮耀的時刻之一就是我被授予“市長獎”的時刻.句子的主語是one o

33、f the glorious moments，所以表語應是“當?shù)臅r候”。其他選項在語句上不通順，故選D?？键c七賓語從句要點濃縮1在賓語從句中，引導詞whether和if基本一樣，但介詞后的賓語從句多用whether。It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.這完全取決于我們是否能取得他們的合作。(2011高考山東卷)Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether shell accept it.我們提供給她那份工作，但不知她是否愿意接受。2that，what引導賓語從句的區(qū)

34、別在賓語從句中，that沒有詞義，在從句中不作任何成分。當從句意義完整，不缺任何成分時，往往選用that；而what引導賓語從句時，意為“什么”(有時候可以不譯)，在從句中用來作主語或賓語。(2011高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在從句中作understand的賓語)你想用語言所傳達的信息可能與他人所理解的恰恰相反。I persuaded my parents that we should

35、 go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland.我勸說父母我們應該去意大利度假而不去蘇格蘭。經(jīng)典品味1(2012高考北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.Awhy BhowCthat Dwhether解析：選C?？疾橘e語從句。句意：杰里不后悔給出評論,但是他覺得他本來可以用另一種不同的方式來表達。felt后面應該是一個賓語從句，分析賓語從句可知，這是一個完整的句子，不缺句子成分，故用that引導。2

36、(2012鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預測)After five hours drive，they reached _ they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.Athat BwhatCwhich Dwhere解析：選B。reach是及物動詞，其后為賓語從句。they thought是插入語，分析從句成分可知，賓語從句中缺少主語，因此用what。注意：that引導名詞性從句時，在從句中不充當任何成分。3(2012安徽皖北四校聯(lián)考)_ is known，John studies in _ is considered the best school

37、 in the city.AWhich；which BWhat；whatCIt；which DAs；what解析：選D。第一空as在句首引導非限制性定語從句；第二空前有介詞in，in后的從句缺少主語，用what引導。4(2012河南三市第二次調(diào)研)You never know _ happiness will turn up next，so grasp every chance around you.Awhen B whereCwhy Dhow解析：選B。句意：你永遠不會知道幸福接下來會在哪里出現(xiàn)，因此你要抓住身邊的每一個機會。根據(jù)后面的“around you”可知，此處強調(diào)的是地點，故用wh

38、ere。考點八同位語從句要點濃縮that引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句用于解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容，從句本身是一個非常完整的句子,所以其前的名詞在同位語從句中不作任何成分;定語從句對其前的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不夠完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。如：(2011高考遼寧卷)When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.(that引導的是同位語從句，that不可省略)當戰(zhàn)爭的消息傳來時，他決定參軍。The news that he told me yes

39、terday is true.(that引導的是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，故可省略，亦可換用which)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。經(jīng)典品味1(2012高考江蘇卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.Awhen BthatCwhether Dhow解析：選B。考查名詞性從句。句意：會議將被推遲的通知下午2點鐘左右發(fā)布。分析句式結(jié)構可知，所填詞語引導的從句_the meeting would be postponed說明的是主語the notice的內(nèi)容，即同位語從句。由于

40、從句與先行詞the notice被主句謂語部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，從而加大了識別的難度。從句內(nèi)容完整，不需要添加when或how作狀語，也不含有不確定因素，不能使用whether，故選B項。2(2012河北普通高中教學質(zhì)檢)More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure，and 70% of them are unaware of the fact _they have the illness.Awhat BwhichChow Dthat解析：選D。that th

41、ey have the illness是同位語從句，解釋說明the fact的具體內(nèi)容。3(2012山西四校三模)I have no idea at all _ he wrote the letterit isnt dated.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhen解析：選D。句意：我根本不知道他什么時候?qū)懙倪@封信,上面沒標注日期。根據(jù)it isnt dated可知D項正確?？键c九“疑問詞ever”引導的名詞性從句要點濃縮“疑問詞ever”與“no matter疑問詞”“疑問詞ever”與“no matter疑問詞”雖然都有“無論”的意思，但是用法有區(qū)別：“疑問詞ever”既可以引導名詞性從句也可引導狀語從句，而“no matter疑問詞”