Unit 1 Living well 語法 不定式 課件-高中英語人教版選修七

1、Unit 1Living wellRevise the Infinitive不定式由屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種。“to + do (V-原)”構(gòu)成, 其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。The definition of infinitive不定式的基本形式 1. 主語 (subject) 2. 表語 (predicative) 3. 賓語 (object) 4. 賓補(bǔ) (object complement) 5. 定語 (attribute) 6. 狀語 (adverbial) 7. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (absolute c

2、onstruction) e.g. To learn English well is difficult.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主語，而將真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式后置，上面的例句常寫為：Its difficult to learn English well.1. 不定式作主語(subject)e.g. My job is to protect the world.2. 不定式作表語(predicative)不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表語。3. 不定式作賓語(object)(2)不定式作賓語時(shí)還常用it作形式

3、賓語,而把真正的賓語動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末。e.g.I cant afford to buy a car.（1）不定式作賓語時(shí)常直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后。e.g.l found it necessary to talk to him again.常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:think /consider/find it adj.to do.只能加不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：e.g. Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.Look at the sentences and find the rules.不定式可以用在某些形容詞后作賓語

4、，如：sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointedSomething worth your attentionstop to do sth. 停下來去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 doing sth. 忘記已做了某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事 doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做某事幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：e.g. My mum asks me to p

5、lay the piano two hours every day.4. 不定式作賓補(bǔ) (object complement)常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，這類動(dòng)詞有allow, advise, ask, call, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, need, order, prefer, remind, teach, tell, train, warn等。結(jié)構(gòu)： V. sb. to do sth.這類的動(dòng)詞有：1) 感官動(dòng)詞(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)

6、后；不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to的情況結(jié)構(gòu)： V. sb. do sth.3）特殊動(dòng)詞help后動(dòng)詞不定式要省略to,即help sb. do sth.（幫助某人做某事） 2) 使役動(dòng)詞 (let, have, make)后, 但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要還原to。Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.Tom has a nice pen to write with.5. 不定式作定語(attribute)不定式作定語，一般作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞the first, the last, 或the only或及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，后常

7、用不定式作定語。e.g. She is always the first student to come. He is the best man to do the job.something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞常用不定式作后置定語。如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞, 則后面需加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 e.g. My family have a comfortable house to live _. in注意：當(dāng)不定式是主動(dòng)形式時(shí)，邏輯主語是句子的主語。辨：I have one box to send. I have one box to be sent.e.

8、g. He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1) 表示目的: to do in order to do so as to do6. 不定式作狀語(adverbial)so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + n. + as to do 如此.以至于adj. / adv. + enough + to do 夠.以至于too + adv. / adj. + to do 太.以至于不能e.g. He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to

9、 believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.2) 表示結(jié)果:To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth7. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(absolute construction)形 式 主 動(dòng) 被 動(dòng)一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone to do表示一般情況I am glad t

10、o see you. 不定式的一般時(shí) to doto be doing強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came in.不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí) to be doing The novel is believed to have beentranslated into Chinese.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前,強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成。不定式的完成時(shí) to have done新課程31期周報(bào)Practice新課程 達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練I2.to stay1.to improve3.to go;to get4.to have travelled5.to be talking about6.to have met7.to make8.to see9