當(dāng)代中國公共建筑公共性的迷失

1、of accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resistof accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of lead

2、ing cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resistof accountability, redress of orders and prohibitions. Strengthening the honesty and self-discipline of leading cadres honesty in politics and education work, enhance leaders ability to resist當(dāng)代中國公共建筑公共性的迷失摘要：人只有在少數(shù)的

3、活動時間里才會呆在居住建筑這種非常私密的空間中，其余的時間和空間都用于交流和享受公共服務(wù)。在經(jīng)濟全球化，人口膨脹，資源緊張，競爭激烈的現(xiàn)代社會，人們越來越需要一種公共歸屬感，一個交流與分享的平臺，尋求釋放焦慮和壓力的空間。在這樣的時代背景下，為了適應(yīng)時代的發(fā)展和大眾心理新的需求，公共建筑應(yīng)該更具綜合性、公共性，成為城市的文化交流節(jié)點。關(guān)鍵詞：公共建筑 公共性 節(jié)點 公共建筑，直白一些，就是民用建筑中除去居住建筑的那一部分。人只有在少數(shù)的活動時間里才會呆在居住建筑這種非常私密的空間中，其余的時間和空間都用于交流和享受公共服務(wù)。在經(jīng)濟全球化，人口膨脹，資源緊張，競爭激烈的現(xiàn)代社會，人們越來越需要一

4、種公共歸屬感，一個交流與分享的平臺，尋求釋放焦慮和壓力的空間。在這樣的時代背景下，為了適應(yīng)時代的發(fā)展和大眾心理新的需求，公共建筑應(yīng)該更具綜合性、公共性，成為城市的文化交流節(jié)點。但這點在中國似乎仍未收到應(yīng)有的重視。公共建筑本身應(yīng)該具有的公共性、開放性和自由性甚至已經(jīng)陷入一種迷失之中。這樣一種社會現(xiàn)實反映到建筑（尤其是有一定城市地位和規(guī)模尺度的公共建筑）上來，就表現(xiàn)為設(shè)計手法的混亂和畸形：本應(yīng)反映新時代價值觀的建筑構(gòu)成要素被拿來體現(xiàn)舊時代的價值理念或是體現(xiàn)物質(zhì)至上的價值虛無主義。比如，不少建筑前廣場形同虛設(shè)，而廣場本來是用于集會和交流的，現(xiàn)在其公共性不僅沒有得到發(fā)展，反而好像回到了封建時代，只是用

5、于烘托軸線?，F(xiàn)在中國不少政府大樓，圖書館，博物館，影劇院都是如此，近年來不斷被爆出的“山寨天安門”就是這一現(xiàn)象的集中體現(xiàn)。由此可見，中國當(dāng)代公共建筑的公共性岌岌可危。作為建筑師來說應(yīng)該要背負社會責(zé)任感，為改變這種現(xiàn)狀做出自己的努力。顯然，建筑師的努力會產(chǎn)生很有引導(dǎo)性的效果。我認為，作為一個城市文化和公共關(guān)系最為有力的代表應(yīng)該是它的圖書館。它的學(xué)術(shù)性和平等性使得它在公共建筑的大類中成為一種特殊的建筑類型。要想突破中國公共建筑的這一瓶頸，不如“擒賊先擒王”，先突破圖書館，其他的類型就會自發(fā)被帶動起來。這里我將會通過研究湖南省圖書館的設(shè)計和營運來探討中國公共建筑的出路。一、城市性格長沙，號稱“屈賈之

6、鄉(xiāng)”，“楚漢名城”，是首批國家歷史文化名城。長沙經(jīng)濟偏重本第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，尤以媒體和娛樂業(yè)聞名； 2008年，長沙工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值比重超過第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，成為了經(jīng)濟增長中最重要的支柱。二、場址分析省圖位于長沙的繁華地段，四周是酒店、醫(yī)院、劇院等，基址環(huán)境復(fù)雜。正因如此，人們對省圖的開放性和多樣性要求應(yīng)該很高，它不僅要服務(wù)于長沙市民，還應(yīng)給外來人員提供一個了解長沙的窗口。以它現(xiàn)在的狀況來看，顯然不太足夠。三、圖書館概況 湖南省圖書館，始建于1904年，作為湖南圖書館兼教育博物館。現(xiàn)藏書340余萬冊，館藏中不少是稀世善本與字畫，尤以豐富的地方文獻著稱。設(shè)有綜合借閱處、文學(xué)藝術(shù)圖書借閱室、期刊借閱室、外文借閱室、地方

7、文獻閱覽室、古籍閱覽室、電子閱覽室等，還相繼設(shè)立了湖南人物資料中心、家譜收藏中心、讀者俱樂部、盲人圖書館、紅孩子書屋等。開展書刊外借、閱覽、參考咨詢、文獻檢索、專題服務(wù)、系列講座、社會教育等多種形式、多種途徑的讀者服務(wù)工作。 可見，省圖從創(chuàng)建到現(xiàn)在中心主要只是放在借閱、收藏、教育上，在功能上沒有新的突破。雖然為了迎合時代增設(shè)了一些新的功能如 “紅孩子書屋”和講座等，但是它們通常是少人問津的。四、功能布局省圖采用水平分區(qū)，一邊面向讀者，另一邊是辦公用房。它采用常見的圖書管理系統(tǒng)，把書籍分成幾大類，放于不同的房間，每個房間再按照更小的分類進行圖書編號。但是，這種方法到今日已漸漸力不從心：一、隨著時

8、代的發(fā)展，各種交叉學(xué)科不斷衍生，這種書籍管理的辦法容易產(chǎn)生混亂；二、若一次要借兩種不同的書，就很有可能要出入兩個房間，那么就要寄存兩次（規(guī)定是非本館書籍必須寄存而不能帶入館內(nèi)），故此相當(dāng)麻煩。五、對省圖改造的分析調(diào)查報告 這是我調(diào)查當(dāng)日在圖書館內(nèi)部進行的隨機調(diào)查（被調(diào)查人數(shù)為100人）：1、 您來省圖的次數(shù)：A 頻繁 36% B 一般 55% C較少 9% 2、 您對省圖的總體印象：A 休閑，放松 85% B 沉靜，有些壓抑 5% C 一般 10%3、 您知道省圖的途徑：A 朋友告知 82% B 省圖的宣傳 0 C 被其外形吸引0 D其他功能（自習(xí)、補課）18%4、您來省圖的目的： A 借書7

9、0% B 閱覽 10% C 上課8%D 生活節(jié)奏調(diào)劑 5% E自習(xí) 7%5您每次來省圖一般停留：A 12小時 37% B 半天 55% C 整天 8%6您對于省圖的管理：A 比較方便，服務(wù)周到 64% B一般 36% C 不太滿意 07省圖最吸引你的地方：A書籍本身 70% B 學(xué)術(shù)氛圍 20%C 輕松愉悅的氛圍 10%8對省圖外形的看法：A 莊嚴 29% B 還好 62% C 普通，沒有吸引力 9%9您對于省圖多功能化的要求（多選）：A 加設(shè)茶座或咖啡廳 35% B 大廳可以更寬敞，更開放，更活潑，方便舉行一些文化活動 13%C門廳處設(shè)有對于省圖介紹的視聽展示空間 13% D 在廣場和庭院加

10、設(shè)座椅或室外活動。 26% E 擴大一樓綜合借閱室旁的商店 13%總結(jié)這份調(diào)查報告，我們可以看出這么幾點：a 大部分人認為省圖可以滿足休閑、放松的要求。但這種放松不是開放、自由的，因為很少人認為這是一種“生活調(diào)劑“。來這里的人一般都是讀書、自習(xí)或上課，可見省圖主要只是提供了人群進行個體活動的空間，而非人群進行群體和交流活動的場所。b 很少人為省圖的學(xué)術(shù)和自由氛圍所吸引，更多的仍是沖著書籍本身或功利性的補課以及自習(xí)來的。C 對于多功能化的要求，人們最主要的需求是茶座和咖啡廳，對室外活動和交流區(qū)的需要也較大。由這三點結(jié)論可知，省圖需要開辟一些多功能大空間，解放長沙市民的業(yè)余生活和省圖以教育、藏書和

11、其他功利性目的為主的功能排布。Contemporary Chinas public building public lost Pick to: only in a few activities time will stay in residential buildings in this very private space, the rest of the time and space are used to communicate and enjoy the public service. In the economic globalization, population expansio

12、n, resources nervous, fierce competition of modern society, people increasingly need a public sense of belonging, a platform of exchange and sharing, seeking the release of anxiety and stress space. In such a background, in order to meet the new demand for the development of The Times and popular ps

13、ychology, public buildings should be more comprehensive, public, become a city of cultural exchanges between the nodes. Key words: public buildings public node Some public buildings, frankly, is to remove that part of the residential building in civil construction. People only in a few activities ti

14、me will stay in residential buildings in this very private space, the rest of the time and space are used to communicate and enjoy the public service. In the economic globalization, population expansion, resources nervous, fierce competition of modern society, people increasingly need a public sense

15、 of belonging, a platform of exchange and sharing, seeking the release of anxiety and stress space. In such a background, in order to meet the new demand for the development of The Times and popular psychology, public buildings should be more comprehensive, public, become a city of cultural exchange

16、s between the nodes. But it seems still not yet received due attention in China. The publicness / / / of public building itself should have, openness and freedom, and even has fallen into a lost. Such a social reality reflected in the building (especially have a certain scale city position and scale

17、 of public buildings), to show the design methods of chaos and malformation: this should reflect the new era of values of the architectural elements are used to reflect the value of the old concept, or manifests materialism value nihilism. For example, many square before construction can be evaded a

18、nd the square was used for meeting and communication, now the public didnt get development, not only it seems back in the feudal age, only to the axis of the foil. Now Chinas many government buildings, libraries, museums, theaters, have been reported in recent years shanzhai tiananmen square is the

19、concentrated reflection of this phenomenon. Contemporary Chinese, therefore, the publicness of public buildings is at stake. As an architect should bear social responsibility, make their own efforts to change the status quo. Obviously, the architect efforts yield very instructive effect. I think, as

20、 a city of culture and public relations is the most powerful representative should be the library. Its academic and equality makes it in the broad categories of public buildings as a special kind of building type. To break through the bottleneck of Chinas public buildings, not equal to snake, break

21、through the library first, and other types will be spontaneous is driven up. Here I will be through the research of library in hunan province to explore the Chinas public building design and operation way. A, the urban character Changsha, so-called township of the flexor jia, chu city, is the first

22、batch of national historical and cultural city. Changsha economic lay particular stress on the third industry, especially in the media and entertainment industry is famous; In 2008, changsha industrial output will more than the tertiary industry, has become the most important pillar of economic grow

23、th. Second, the site analysis Province is located in a busy section of changsha, is surrounded by hotels, hospitals, theatres, etc. B complex environment. Because of this, people figure the openness and diversity of provincial level requirements should be very high, it is not only to service in chan

24、gsha citizens, foreigners may need to provide a window on the changsha. With its present situation, obviously not enough. Three, library The library of hunan province, was founded in 1904, as the library and museum education in hunan province. Now has more than 340 books, many are rare rare books an

25、d calligraphy and painting collection, especially is famous for its rich local literature. Equipped with comprehensive JieYueChu JieYueShi JieYueShi, literature and art books, journals, foreign JieYueShi, electronic reading room of the local literature reading room, ancient books reading room, etc.,

26、 also successively set up hunan character data center, genealogy collection center, readers club, the blind library, red children house, etc. Books borrowing and reading, reference consultation, information retrieval, special service, lecture series, social education, and other forms, a variety of w

27、ays, the reader service work. Visible, provincial figure from creation to now center is a major just on borrowing, collection and education, no new breakthrough in function. Although era to cater to add some new function such as red children and lectures, but they are usually less person make inquir

28、es. Fourth, function layout Province figure USES the horizontal partitioning, geared to the needs of readers, on the other side is the office premises. It USES common books management system management system, put the books into several major categories, put in different rooms, each room shall be ca

29、rried out in accordance with the classification of smaller Numbers. To this day, however, this method has been gradually overwhelmed: one, with the development of The Times, a variety of interdisciplinary derivative, the books management way to easy to confusion; Second, if a secondary borrow two di

30、fferent kinds of books, is likely to come in and go out two rooms, so will check twice (rules are library books must register and cannot be brought into the museum), and therefore is quite trouble. Five, the analysis of provincial figure transformation Investigation report, This is my survey on that

31、 day in the library internal random survey (100) surveyed: 1, to save you figure the number of times: A frequent 36% B average 55% C is less 9% 2, your overall impression of provincial figure: A casual, relaxed 85% B calm, some depressed C generally 10% 5% Figure 3, you know that province way to: A

32、friend told that 82% figure B province propaganda 0 C attracted by its appearance 0 D other functions (self-study, make up A missed lesson) 18% 4, to save your diagram: the purpose of A library class B read 10% C 70% and 10% D E self-study to adjust the pace of life 5% to 7% You every time to save o

33、n figure 5 generally stay: A 1 2 hours all day along while 55% C B 37% to 55% 6 you concerning the management of provincial figure: A more convenient, not satisfied with the service 64% B average 64% C 0 Figure 7 province where attracts you the most: A book itself 70% B 20% academic atmosphere of 20

34、% C relaxing atmosphere Perceptions of provincial figure shape: A solemn B ok 62% C and 29% average, 9% do not 9 you figure for the province more than functional requirements (choose more) : Adding A 35% tea or coffee house B hall can more spacious, more open, more lively, convenient 13% hold some cultural activities C the entrance hall is equipped with the figure for the province to introduce audio-visual exhibition space of 13% D in squares and courtyards added a seat or outdoor activities. 26% E and e